1. Ferlay J, Steliarova-Foucher E, Lortet-Tieulent J, Rosso S, Coebergh JW, Comber H, et al. Cancer incidence and mortality patterns in Europe: estimates for 40 countries in 2012. Eur J Cancer 2013;49:1374–403.
2. Torre LA, Bray F, Siegel RL, Ferlay J, Lortet-Tieulent J, Jemal A. Global cancer statistics, 2012. CA Cancer J Clin 2015;65:87–108.
4. Ford MM. Neuroendocrine tumors of the colon and rectum. Dis Colon Rectum 2017;60:1018–20.
5. Bernick PE, Klimstra DS, Shia J, Minsky B, Saltz L, Shi W, et al. Neuroendocrine carcinomas of the colon and rectum. Dis Colon Rectum 2004;47:163–9.
6. Kiran RP, Tripodi G, Frederick W, Dudrick SJ. Adenosquamous carcinoma of the colon: a rare tumor. Am Surg 2006;72:754–5.
7. Nahas CS, Shia J, Joseph R, Schrag D, Minsky BD, Weiser MR, et al. Squamous-cell carcinoma of the rectum: a rare but curable tumor. Dis Colon Rectum 2007;50:1393–400.
8. Cuffy M, Abir F, Longo WE. Management of less common tumors of the colon, rectum, and anus. Clin Colorectal Cancer 2006;5:327–37.
9. Luna-Perez P, Rodriguez DF, Lujan L, Alvarado I, Kelly J, Rojas ME, et al. Colorectal sarcoma: analysis of failure patterns. J Surg Oncol 1998;69:36–40.
11. Kim YH, Lee JH, Yang SK, Kim TI, Kim JS, Kim HJ, et al. Primary colon lymphoma in Korea: a KASID (Korean Association for the Study of Intestinal Diseases) Study. Dig Dis Sci 2005;50:2243–7.
12. Statistics Korea. Korean Standard Classification of Diseases. Daejeon: Statistics Korea; 2015.
14. DiSario JA, Burt RW, Kendrick ML, McWhorter WP. Colorectal cancers of rare histologic types compared with adenocarcinomas. Dis Colon Rectum 1994;37:1277–80.
18. Gaston EA. Squamous-cell carcinoma of the colon and rectum: report of a case. Dis Colon Rectum 1967;10:435–42.
19. Cagir B, Nagy MW, Topham A, Rakinic J, Fry RD. Adenosquamous carcinoma of the colon, rectum, and anus: epidemiology, distribution, and survival characteristics. Dis Colon Rectum 1999;42:258–63.
20. Akbulut S. What is the clinicopathological characteristic of cloacogenic carcinoma outside the anorectal zone? Hepatogastroenterology 2011;58:52–5.
21. Meijer S, Peretz T, Gaynor JJ, Tan C, Hajdu SI, Brennan MF. Primary colorectal sarcoma: a retrospective review and prognostic factor study of 50 consecutive patients. Arch Surg 1990;125:1163–8.
22. Yamamoto H, Handa M, Tobo T, Setsu N, Fujita K, Oshiro Y, et al. Clinicopathological features of primary leiomyosarcoma of the gastrointestinal tract following recognition of gastrointestinal stromal tumours. Histopathology 2013;63:194–207.
23. Thiels CA, Bergquist JR, Krajewski AC, Lee HE, Nelson H, Mathis KL, et al. Outcomes of primary colorectal sarcoma: a National Cancer Data Base (NCDB) review. J Gastrointest Surg 2017;21:560–8.
24. Soreide K, Sandvik OM, Soreide JA, Giljaca V, Jureckova A, Bulusu VR. Global epidemiology of gastrointestinal stromal tumours (GIST): a systematic review of population-based cohort studies. Cancer Epidemiol 2016;40:39–46.
27. Hangge PT, Calderon E, Habermann EB, Glasgow AE, Mishra N. Primary colorectal lymphoma: institutional experience and review of a national database. Dis Colon Rectum 2019;62:1167–76.
28. Chang SC. Clinical features and management of primary colonic lymphoma. Formos J Surg 2012;45:73–7.
29. Sharma B, Pavelock N, Antoine M, Shah M, Galbraith K, Rawlins S. Primary diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of the descending colon. Am J Med Sci 2019;358:164–7.