Annals of Coloproctology

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Colorectal cancer

Evaluation of the utility of a nomogram for predicting lymph node metastasis in T1 colorectal cancer in shared decision-making in clinical practice: a survey-based study: Hyeon Seung Kim, Kyung Su Han, Min Wan Lee, Dae Kyung Sohn, Chang Won Hong, Dong Woon Lee, Kiho You, Sung Chan Park, Byung Chang Kim, Bun Kim, Jae Hwan Oh; Ann Coloproctol. 2025;41(4):303-309. Published online August 25, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2025.00318.0045

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Purpose
In 2019, we reported a novel nomogram to predict lymph node metastasis (LNM) in T1 colorectal cancer. Herein, we conducted a survey-based study to evaluate the clinical utility of this nomogram in determining the need for additional surgery after endoscopic resection for high-risk T1 colorectal cancer.
Methods
A survey was conducted among 77 members of the Korean Society of Coloproctology and 25 members of the Korean Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. The survey assessed decision-making regarding additional surgery after endoscopic resection for high-risk T1 colorectal cancer according to various predicted LNM rates (3%, 10%, and 27%) and tumor locations (anal verge [AV] 2, 7, and 25 cm). Additionally, participants provided feedback regarding the reliability, usefulness, and potential adoptability of the prediction model in patient counseling.
Results
Of the 2,314 surveys distributed, 102 responses were analyzed. A trend was observed in which tumors located closer to the anus and associated with a lower predicted risk of LNM were less likely to lead respondents to opt for surgery (e.g., AV 2 cm and 3% of predicted LNM risk, 21.6% opt for surgery vs. AV 25 cm and 27% of predicted LNM risk, 98.0% opt for surgery). Additionally, 94.1% of the respondents reported that the prediction model would be helpful in clinical decision-making and patient counseling.
Conclusion
Our findings suggest that the nomogram is an effective and reliable tool for guiding treatment strategies and enhancing consultations in patients with T1 colorectal cancer.

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Pathological risk stratification after endoscopic resection of T1 colorectal cancer: a comparative analysis of international guidelines
Hyun Tae Lim, Dae Kyung Sohn
Journal of Minimally Invasive Surgery.2026; 29(1): 31. CrossRef

Colonoscopy

Analysis of adenoma detection rate of colonoscopy among trainees: Young Min Song, Kyung Su Han, Byung Chang Kim, Chang Won Hong, Bun Kim, Min Chul Kim, Myeong Jae Jin, Dae Kyung Sohn; Ann Coloproctol. 2024;40(6):548-554. Published online August 28, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2023.00199.0028

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

Purpose
To analyze adenoma detection rate (ADR) and related quality indicators of colonoscopy among trainees and make recommendations for appropriate colonoscopy training.
Methods
ADR and related indicators of colonoscopies performed by 3 trainees and 5 colonoscopy experts between March and November 2022 were analyzed. These indicators were analyzed in both the entire patients and the screening/surveillance group. In addition, the training period of the 3 trainees was divided into 3 sections, and the changes in these indicators were examined.
Results
The mean ADR of the 3 trainees was 50.6%. In the screening/surveillance group, the mean ADR of the 3 trainees was 51.8%, showing no significant difference from the experts' ADR (53.4%). When the training period was divided into 3 sections and analyzed in the screening/surveillance group, the mean ADR of the trainees gradually increased to 49.4%, 52.6%, and 53.6%, respectively; however, the difference was insignificant. Analyzing each trainee’s ADR, there was a significant difference among the 3 trainees (58.5% vs. 44.7% vs. 50.2%, P=0.008). However, in the third section of the training period, the 3 trainees’ ADRs were 53.0%, 49.2%, and 57.3%, respectively, showing no significant difference (P=0.606).
Conclusion
In the early stages of training, the ADR was higher than recommended; however, there were variances in ADR between individuals. As the training period passed, the ADR became similar at the expert level, whereas the difference in ADR between trainees decreased. Therefore, efforts to increase ADR should be made actively from the beginning of training and continued during the training period.

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Translational Validation of a Novel Multi-Locus ctDNA Methylation Assay for Early Detection and Stratification of Colorectal Cancer: An Exploratory Prospective, Case-Control Study
Hayoung Lee, Jae Cheol Kang, In Ja Park, Gwang-un Kim, Hwi Hyun, Na Young Min, Sungwon Jeon, Byoung-Chul Kim
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2026; 27(13): 5738. CrossRef
Adenoma per polypectomy as a training metric in colonoscopy: a retrospective analysis of trainee progression compared to expert performance
Young Min Song, Kyung Su Han, Byung Chang Kim, Chang Won Hong, Bun Kim, Dae Kyung Sohn
Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research.2025; 109(2): 113. CrossRef

Colorectal cancer

Long-term clinical outcomes after high and low ligations with lymph node dissection around the root of the inferior mesenteric artery in patients with rectal cancer: Min Wan Lee, Sung Sil Park, Kiho You, Dong Eun Lee, Dong Woon Lee, Sung Chan Park, Kyung Su Han, Dae Kyung Sohn, Chang Won Hong, Bun Kim, Byung Chang Kim, Hee Jin Chang, Dae Yong Kim, Jae Hwan Oh; Ann Coloproctol. 2024;40(1):62-73. Published online February 26, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2023.00094.0013

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Graphical Abstract Abstract PDF

Purpose
This study aimed to evaluate the long-term clinical outcomes based on the ligation level of the inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) in patients with rectal cancer.
Methods
This was a retrospective analysis of a prospectively collected database that included all patients who underwent elective low anterior resection for rectal cancer between January 2013 and December 2019. The clinical outcomes included oncological outcomes, postoperative complications, and functional outcomes. The oncological outcomes included overall survival (OS) and relapse-free survival (RFS). The functional outcomes, including defecatory and urogenital functions, were analyzed using the Fecal Incontinence Severity Index, International Prostate Symptom Score, and International Index of Erectile Function questionnaires.
Results
In total, 545 patients were included in the analysis. Of these, 244 patients underwent high ligation (HL), whereas 301 underwent low ligation (LL). The tumor size was larger in the HL group than in the LL group. The number of harvested lymph nodes (LNs) was higher in the HL group than in the LL group. There were no significant differences in complication rates and recurrence patterns between the groups. There were no significant differences in 5-year RFS and OS between the groups. Cox regression analysis revealed that the ligation level (HL vs. LL) was not a significant risk factor for oncological outcomes. Regarding functional outcomes, the LL group showed a significant recovery in defecatory function 1 year postoperatively compared with the HL group.
Conclusion
LL with LNs dissection around the root of the IMA might not affect the oncologic outcomes comparing to HL; however, it has minimal benefit for defecatory function.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Left colic artery–preserving radical rectal cancer surgery: a literature review
Xiyin Yang, Yuanshui Sun, Qiang Hu
Frontiers in Surgery.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Late Anastomotic Leakage After Rectal Cancer Surgery: Incidence and Differential Risk Factors
Hyeon Kyeong Kim, In Ja Park, Jae Cheol Kang, Jong Lyul Lee, Chan Wook Kim, Yong Sik Yoon, Seok-Byung Lim
Diseases of the Colon & Rectum.2026; 69(4): 565. CrossRef
The Impact of Left Colic Artery Preservation on Complications of TaTME (Transanal Total Mesorectal Excision)
俊锋杜
Journal of Clinical Personalized Medicine.2026; 05(02): 35. CrossRef
Meeting report on the 8th Asian Science Editors’ Conference and Workshop 2024
Eun Jung Park
Science Editing.2025; 12(1): 66. CrossRef
Early detection of anastomotic leakage in colon cancer surgery: the role of early warning score and C-reactive protein
Gyung Mo Son
Annals of Coloproctology.2024; 40(5): 415. CrossRef

Translational/basic research

Exfoliate cancer cell analysis in rectal cancer surgery: comparison of laparoscopic and transanal total mesorectal excision, a pilot study: Kiho You, Jung-Ah Hwang, Dae Kyung Sohn, Dong Woon Lee, Sung Sil Park, Kyung Su Han, Chang Won Hong, Bun Kim, Byung Chang Kim, Sung Chan Park, Jae Hwan Oh; Ann Coloproctol. 2023;39(6):502-512. Published online December 26, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2023.00479.0068

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Graphical Abstract Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

Purpose
Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) is currently the standard treatment for rectal cancer. However, its limitations include complications and incomplete total mesorectal resection (TME) due to anatomical features and technical difficulties. Transanal TME (TaTME) has been practiced since 2010 to improve this, but there is a risk of local recurrence and intra-abdominal contamination. We aimed to analyze samples obtained through lavage to compare laparoscopic TME (LapTME) and TaTME.
Methods
From June 2020 to January 2021, 20 patients with rectal cancer undergoing MIS were consecutively and prospectively recruited. Samples were collected at the start of surgery, immediately after TME, and after irrigation. The samples were analyzed for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and cytokeratin 20 (CK20) through a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. The primary outcome was to compare the detected amounts of CEA and CK20 immediately after TME between the surgical methods.
Results
Among the 20 patients, 13 underwent LapTME and 7 underwent TaTME. Tumor location was lower in TaTME (7.3 cm vs. 4.6 cm, P=0.012), and negative mesorectal fascia (MRF) was more in LapTME (76.9% vs. 28.6%, P=0.044). CEA and CK20 levels were high in 3 patients (42.9%) only in TaTME. There was 1 case of T4 with incomplete purse-string suture and 1 case of positive MRF with dissection failure. All patients were followed up for an average of 32.5 months without local recurrence.
Conclusion
CEA and CK20 levels were high only in TaTME and were related to tumor factors or intraoperative events. However, whether the detection amount is clinically related to local recurrence remains unclear.

Citations

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Short-term outcomes of laparoscopic-assisted transanal vs laparoscopic total mesorectal excision for mid-to-low rectal cancer
Qi Huang, Yue Li, Shi-Dong Feng, Yu-Chen Fang, Yuan-Hang Zhou, Da-Wei Li, Zhi-Wei Liao
World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery.2026;[Epub] CrossRef

Colorectal cancer

Stratification of rate of lymph node metastasis according to risk factors and oncologic outcomes in patients who underwent radical resection for rectal neuroendocrine tumors: Myung Jae Jin, Sung Sil Park, Dong-Eun Lee, Sung Chan Park, Dong Woon Lee, Kiho You, Hee Jin Chang, Chang Won Hong, Dae Kyung Sohn, Kyung Su Han, Bun Kim, Byung Chang Kim, Jae Hwan Oh; Ann Coloproctol. 2023;39(6):467-473. Published online April 28, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2022.00913.0130

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

Purpose
Most predictive factors for lymph node metastasis in rectal neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) have been based on local and endoscopic resection. We aimed to evaluate the risk factors for lymph node metastasis in patients who underwent radical resection for rectal NETs and stratify the risk of lymph node metastasis.
Methods
Sixty-four patients who underwent radical resection for rectal NETs between January 2001 and January 2018 were included. We investigated the risk factors of lymph node metastasis using clinicopathologic data. We also performed a risk stratification for lymph node metastases using the number of previously known risk factors. For oncologic outcomes, the 5-year overall survival and recurrence-free survival were evaluated in both groups.
Results
Among the patients who underwent radical surgery, 32 (50.0%) had lymph node metastasis and 32 (50.0%) had non–lymph node metastasis. In the multivariable analysis, only the male sex was identified as a risk factor for lymph node metastasis (odds ratio, 3.695; 95% confidence interval, 1.128–12.105; P=0.031). When there were 2 or more known risk factors, the lymph node metastasis rate was significantly higher than when there were one or no risk factors (odds ratio, 3.667; 95% confidence interval, 1.023–13.143; P=0.046). There was also no statistical difference between the 2 groups in 5-year overall survival (P=0.431) and 5-year recurrence-free survival (P=0.144).
Conclusion
We found that the rate of lymph node metastasis increased significantly when the number of known risk factors is 2 or more.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Endoscopic Resection of Rectal Neuroendocrine Tumors: Pathologic Risk Stratification and Surveillance Strategies
Ji Eun Kim
Journal of Digestive Cancer Research.2025; 13(3): 228. CrossRef
Lateral pelvic lymph nodes dissection of rectal neuroendocrine neoplasms: A prospective case-series and literature review
Yueyang Zhang, Yi Yang, Changyuan Gao, Hong Zhao, Haitao Zhou
Surgery.2024; 176(5): 1360. CrossRef

Benign GI diease,Benign diesease & IBD,Complication,Surgical technique

Efficacy and Safety of Endoscopic Clipping for Acute Anastomotic Bleeding After Colorectal Surgery: Ryun Kyong Ha, Kyung Su Han, Sung Sil Park, Dae Kyung Sohn, Chang Won Hong, Byung Chang Kim, Bun Kim; Ann Coloproctol. 2022;38(3):262-265. Published online October 26, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2021.00297.0042

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Abstract PDF

Purpose
Anastomotic bleeding after colorectal surgery is a rare, mostly self-limiting, postoperative complication that could lead to a life-threatening condition. Therefore, prompt management is required. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of endoscopic clipping for acute anastomotic bleeding after colorectal surgery.
Methods
We retrospectively reviewed the data of patients pathologically diagnosed with colorectal cancer at National Cancer Center, Korea from January 2018 to November 2020, which presented with anastomotic bleeding within the first postoperative week and were endoscopically managed with clips.
Results
Nine patients had anastomotic bleeding, underwent endoscopic management, and, therefore, were included in this study. All patients underwent laparoscopic (low/ultralow) anterior resection with mechanical double-stapled anastomosis. Anastomotic bleeding was successfully managed through a colonoscopy with clips on the first trial in all patients. Hypovolemic shock occurred in one patient, following anastomotic breakdown.
Conclusion
Endoscopic clipping seems to be an effective and safe treatment for anastomotic bleeding with minimal physiologic stress, easy accessibility, and scarce postoperative complications. However, a surgical backup should always be considered for massive bleeding.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Multidisciplinary management of a patient with vesicosigmoid fistula and multisystem diseases undergoing stoma reversal: a case report
Jian Yang, Li Zhang, Ke Zeng
BMC Surgery.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Impact of circular stapler size on anastomotic complications after low colorectal anastomosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Maria C. STYLIANDI, Sascha VAGHIRI, Alireza PANDKHAHI, Alireza GHAFOURIANSAMEDANIMASHHAD, Irina DAVLETOVA, Ali M. KARIMI, Ali ALIPOURIANI, Andrea ALEXANDER, Hermann KESSLER, Wolfram T. KNOEFEL, Dimitrios PRASSAS
Minerva Surgery.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Post-Surgical Imaging Assessment in Rectal Cancer: Normal Findings and Complications
Federica De Muzio, Roberta Fusco, Carmen Cutolo, Giuliana Giacobbe, Federico Bruno, Pierpaolo Palumbo, Ginevra Danti, Giulia Grazzini, Federica Flammia, Alessandra Borgheresi, Andrea Agostini, Francesca Grassi, Andrea Giovagnoni, Vittorio Miele, Antonio B
Journal of Clinical Medicine.2023; 12(4): 1489. CrossRef
Preventing Anastomotic Leakage, a Devastating Complication of Colorectal Surgery
Hyun Gu Lee
The Ewha Medical Journal.2023;[Epub] CrossRef

Clinical Outcomes of Reduced-Port Laparoscopic Surgery for Patients With Sigmoid Colon Cancer: Surgery With 1 Surgeon and 1 Camera Operator: Jung Ryul Oh, Sung Chan Park, Sung Sil Park, Beonghoon Sohn, Hyoung Min Oh, Bun Kim, Min Jung Kim, Chang Won Hong, Kyung Su Han, Dae Kyung Sohn, Jae Hwan Oh; Ann Coloproctol. 2018;34(6):292-298. Published online December 3, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2018.04.06

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Abstract PDF

Purpose
This study compared the perioperative clinical outcomes of reduced-port laparoscopic surgery (RPLS) with those of conventional multiport laparoscopic surgery (MPLS) for patients with sigmoid colon cancer and investigated the safety and feasibility of RPLS performed by 1 surgeon and 1 camera operator.
Methods
From the beginning of 2010 until the end of 2014, 605 patients underwent a colectomy for sigmoid colon cancer. We compared the characteristics, postoperative outcomes, and pathologic results for the patients who underwent RPLS and for the patients who underwent MPLS. We also compared the clinical outcomes of single-incision laparoscopic surgery (SILS) and 3-port laparoscopic surgery.
Results
Of the 115 patients in the RPLS group, 59 underwent SILS and 56 underwent 3-port laparoscopic surgery. The MPLS group included 490 patients. The RPLS group had shorter operating time (137.4 ± 43.2 minutes vs. 155.5 ± 47.9 minutes, P < 0.001) and shorter incision length (5.3 ± 2.2 cm vs. 7.8 ± 1.2 cm, P < 0.001) than the MPLS group. In analyses of SILS and 3-port laparoscopic surgery, the SILS group showed younger age, longer operating time, and shorter incision length than the 3-port surgery group and exhibited a more advanced T stage, more lymphatic invasion, and larger tumor size.
Conclusion
RPLS performed by 1 surgeon and 1 camera operator appears to be a feasible and safe surgical option for the treatment of patients with sigmoid colon cancer, showing comparable clinical outcomes with shorter operation time and shorter incision length than MPLS. SILS can be applied to patients with favorable tumor characteristics.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Efficacy and safety of reduced-port laparoscopic surgery versus conventional laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer
Zhi-min Liu, Qi-jun Yao, Fengyun Pei, Fang He, Yandong Zhao, Jun Huang
BMC Cancer.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Short-term and long-term outcomes of single-incision plus one-port laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer: a propensity-matched cohort study with conventional laparoscopic surgery
Mingyi Wu, Hao Wang, Xuehua Zhang, Jiaolong Shi, Xiaoliang Lan, Tingyu Mou, Yanan Wang
BMC Gastroenterology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Long-term Oncologic Outcomes of Single-Incision Plus One-Port Laparoscopic Surgery for Rectal Cancer
Yasumitsu Hirano, Chikashi Hiranuma, Masakazu Hattori, Kenji Douden
Indian Journal of Surgery.2021; 83(3): 691. CrossRef
LongTerm Outcomes of Three-Port Laparoscopic Right Hemicolectomy Versus Five-Port Laparoscopic Right Hemicolectomy: A Retrospective Study
Tao Zhang, Yaqi Zhang, Xiaonan Shen, Yi Shi, Xiaopin Ji, Shaodong Wang, Zijia Song, Xiaoqian Jing, Feng Ye, Ren Zhao
Frontiers in Oncology.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Short‐ And medium‐term outcomes of reduced‐port laparoscopic surgery in elderly patients with upper rectal cancer: A retrospective cohort study
Huawen Wu, Zhijian Zheng, Lewei Xu, Yingying Wu, Ziyi Guan, Wenhuan Li, Guofu Chen
Cancer Medicine.2020; 9(15): 5320. CrossRef

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