Annals of Coloproctology

Original Articles

Colorectal cancer

Is restrictive transfusion sufficient in colorectal cancer surgery? A retrospective study before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Korea: Hyeon Kyeong Kim, Ho Seung Kim, Gyoung Tae Noh, Jin Hoon Nam, Soon Sup Chung, Kwang Ho Kim, Ryung-Ah Lee; Ann Coloproctol. 2023;39(6):493-501. Published online December 28, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2023.00437.0062

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Graphical Abstract Abstract PDF Supplementary Material: Purpose
Blood transfusion is one of the most common procedures used to treat anemia in colorectal surgery. Despite controversy regarding the adverse effects of blood products, surgeons have maintained standards for administering blood transfusions. However, this trend was restrictive during the COVID-19 pandemic because of a shortage of blood products. In this study, we conducted an analysis to investigate whether the restriction of blood transfusions affected postoperative surgical outcomes.
Methods
Medical records of 318 patients who underwent surgery for colon and rectal cancer at Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital between June 2018 and March 2022 were reviewed retrospectively. The surgical outcomes between the liberal and restrictive transfusion strategies in pre– and post–COVID-19 groups were analyzed.
Results
In univariate analysis, postoperative transfusion was associated with infectious complications (odds ratio [OR], 1.705; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.015–2.865; P=0.044). However, postoperative transfusion was not an independent risk factor for the development of infectious complications in multivariate analysis (OR, 1.305; 95% CI, 0.749–2.274; P=0.348). In subgroup analysis, there was no significant association between infectious complications and the hemoglobin threshold level for the administration of a transfusion (OR, 1.249; 95% CI, 0.928–1.682; P=0.142).
Conclusion
During colorectal surgery, the decision to perform a blood transfusion is an important step in ensuring favorable surgical outcomes. According to the results of this study, restrictive transfusion is sufficient for favorable surgical outcomes compared with liberal transfusion. Therefore, modification of guidelines is suggested to minimize unnecessary transfusion-related side effects and prevent the overuse of blood products.

Minimally invasive surgery

Body composition index obtained by using a bioelectrical impedance analysis device can be a predictor of prolonged operative time in patients undergoing minimally invasive colorectal surgery: Ho Seung Kim, Kwang Ho Kim, Gyoung Tae Noh, Ryung-Ah Lee, Soon Sup Chung; Ann Coloproctol. 2023;39(4):342-350. Published online June 3, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2022.00262.0037

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Abstract PDF

Purpose
Obesity has been known to contribute to technical difficulties in surgery. Until now, body mass index (BMI) has been used to measure obesity. However, there are reports that BMI does not always correspond to the visceral fat. Recently, bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) has been used for body composition analysis. This study aimed to evaluate the usefulness of the body composition index obtained using a BIA device in predicting short-term postoperative outcomes.
Methods
Data of patients who underwent elective major colorectal surgery using minimally invasive techniques were reviewed retrospectively. Body composition status was recorded using a commercial BIA device the day before surgery. The relationship between BMI, body composition index, and short-term postoperative outcomes, including operative time, was analyzed.
Results
Sixty-six patients were enrolled in this study. In the correlation analysis, positive correlation was observed between BMI and body composition index. BMI and body composition index were not associated with short-term postoperative outcomes. Percent body fat (odds ratio, 4.226; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.064–16.780; P=0.041) was found to be a statistically significant factor of prolonged operative time in the multivariate analysis. Correlation analysis showed that body fat mass was related to prolonged operative time (correlation coefficients, 0.245; P=0.048). In the area under curve analysis, body fat mass showed a statistically significant predictive probability for prolonged operative time (body fat mass: area, 0.662; 95% CI, 0.531–0.764; P=0.024).
Conclusion
The body composition index can be used as a predictive marker for prolonged operative time. Further studies are needed to determine its usefulness.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Pretreatment bioelectrical impedance analysis predicts chemotherapy efficacy and toxicity in metastatic colorectal cancer patients
Rikako Kato, Yuji Miyamoto, Yukiharu Hiyoshi, Yuto Maeda, Mayuko Ouchi, Katsuhiro Ogawa, Keisuke Kosumi, Kojiro Eto, Satoshi Ida, Masaaki Iwatsuki, Yoshifumi Baba, Hideo Baba
Clinical Nutrition ESPEN.2025; 66: 497. CrossRef
The Antibody Response to the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 Booster in Healthcare Workers: Association between the IgG Antibody Titers and Anthropometric and Body Composition Parameters
Marlena Golec, Adam Konka, Martyna Fronczek, Joanna Zembala-John, Martyna Chrapiec, Karolina Wystyrk, Sławomir Kasperczyk, Zenon Brzoza, Rafał Jakub Bułdak
Vaccines.2022; 10(10): 1638. CrossRef

Malignant disease, Rectal cancer,Prognosis and adjuvant therapy,Colorectal cancer,Epidemiology & etiology

Characteristics of Patients Presented With Metastases During or After Completion of Chemoradiation Therapy for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer: A Case Series: Radwan Torky, Mohammed Alessa, Ho Seung Kim, Ahmed Sakr, Eman Zakarneh, Fozan Sauri, Heejin Bae, Nam Kyu Kim; Ann Coloproctol. 2021;37(3):186-191. Published online September 18, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2020.08.10.1

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Abstract PDF

Purpose
Locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) is managed by chemoradiotherapy (CRT), followed by surgery. Herein we reported patients with metastases during or after CRT.
Methods
Data of patients with LARC who received CRT from 2008 to 2017 were reviewed. Patients with metastases after CRT were included. Those with metastatic tumors at the initial diagnosis were excluded.
Results
Fourteen patients (1.3%) of 1,092 who received CRT presented with metastases. Magnetic resonance circumferential resection margin (mrCRM) and mesorectal lymph nodes (LNs) were positive in 12 patients (85.7%). Meanwhile, magnetic resonance extramural vascular invasion (mrEMVI) was positive in 10 patients (71.4%). Magnetic resonance tumor regression grade (mrTRG) 4 and mrTRG5 was detected in 5 and 1 patient respectively. Ten patients (71.4%) underwent combined surgery and 3 (21.4%) received palliative chemotherapy.
Conclusion
Patients with metastases after CRT showed a higher rate of positive mrCRM, mrEMVI, mesorectal LNs, and poor tumor response. Further studies with a large number of patients are necessary for better survival outcomes in LARC.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Unveiling the profound advantages of total neoadjuvant therapy in rectal cancer: a trailblazing exploration
Kyung Uk Jung, Hyung Ook Kim, Hungdai Kim, Donghyoun Lee, Chinock Cheong
Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research.2023; 105(6): 341. CrossRef
Advances in the Treatment of Colorectal Cancer with Peritoneal Metastases: A Focus on Cytoreductive Surgery and Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy
Youngbae Jeon, Eun Jung Park
The Ewha Medical Journal.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Recent Advance in the Surgical Treatment of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer-An English Version
Eun Jung Park, Seung Hyuk Baik
Journal of the Anus, Rectum and Colon.2022; 6(4): 213. CrossRef
Update on Diagnosis and Treatment of Colorectal Cancer
Chan Wook Kim
The Ewha Medical Journal.2022;[Epub] CrossRef

Case Report

Benign GI diease,Benign diesease & IBD,Complication

Clostridium difficile Infection After Ileostomy Reversal: Ho Seung Kim, Jae Hyun Kang, Han-gil Kim, Young Hun Kim, Hyeonwoo Bae, Nam Kyu Kim; Ann Coloproctol. 2021;37(Suppl 1):S4-S6. Published online March 16, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2019.09.24

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Abstract PDF

Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) after ileostomy reversal is rare, with few reports available in the available literature describing this condition. The diagnosis of CDI after ileostomy reversal is challenging because symptoms such as diarrhea observed in these patients can occur frequently after surgery. However, CDI can be fatal, so early diagnosis and prompt treatment are important. We discuss 2 patients with positive C. difficile toxin assay results on stool cultures performed after ileostomy reversal. Clinical progression differed between these patients: one patient who presented with severe CDI and shock was successfully treated following a prolonged intensive care unit stay for the management of vital signs and underwent hemodialysis, while another patient showed symptoms of mild colitis but we could not confirm whether diarrhea was associated with CDI or with the usual postoperative state. To our knowledge, these represent 2 of just a few cases reported in the literature describing CDI after ileostomy reversal.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Influence of additional prophylactic oral antibiotics during mechanical bowel preparation on surgical site infection in patients receiving colorectal surgery
Hayoung Lee, Jong Lyul Lee, Ji Sung Lee, Chan Wook Kim, Yong Sik Yoon, In Ja Park, Seok‐Byung Lim
World Journal of Surgery.2024; 48(6): 1534. CrossRef
Preventing Anastomotic Leakage, a Devastating Complication of Colorectal Surgery
Hyun Gu Lee
The Ewha Medical Journal.2023;[Epub] CrossRef

Original Articles

Single-center Experience of 24 Cases of Tailgut Cyst: Ahmad Sakr, Ho Seung Kim, Yoon Dae Han, Min Soo Cho, Hyuk Hur, Byung Soh Min, Kang Young Lee, Nam Kyu Kim; Ann Coloproctol. 2019;35(5):268-274. Published online October 31, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2018.12.18

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46 Citations

Abstract PDF

Purpose
Tailgut cysts are rare congenital or developmental lesions that arise from vestiges of the embryological hindgut. They are usually present in the presacral space. We report our single-center experience with managing tailgut cysts.
Methods
We conducted a retrospective analysis of 24 patients with tailgut cyst treated surgically at the Colorectal Surgery Department of Severance Hospital, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea, between 2007–2018.
Results
This study included 24 patients (18 females) with a median age of 51.5 years (range, 21–68 years). Ten cases were symptomatic and 14 were asymptomatic. Cysts were retrorectal in 21 patients. Cysts were below the coccyx level in 16 patients, opposite the coccyx in 6, and above the coccyx in 2. Cysts were supralevator in 5 patients, had a supra- and infralevator extension in 18 patients, and were infralevator in 1. Ten patients were managed using an anterior laparoscopic approach, 11 using a posterior approach, and 3 using a combined approach. Mean cyst size was 5.5 ± 2.7 cm. Postoperative complications were Clavien-Dindo (CD) classification grade II in 9 patients (37.5%) and CD grade III in 1 (4.2%). The posterior approach group showed the highest rate of complications (P = 0.021). Patients managed using a combined approach showed a larger cyst size (P < 0.001), longer operation times (P < 0.001), and a greater likelihood of tumor level above the coccyx (P = 0.002) compared to other approaches. The tumors of 2 male patients were malignant: 1 was a neuroendocrine tumor treated with radiotherapy, while the other was a closely followed adenocarcinoma. Median follow-up was 12 months (range, 1–66 months) with no recurrence.
Conclusion
Tailgut cysts are uncommon but can cause perineal or pelvic pain. Complete surgical excision via an appropriate approach according to tumor size, location, and correlation with adjacent pelvic floor muscles is the key treatment.

Citations

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Risk factors for rectal perforation during presacral cyst removal: a comparison between transabdominal, perineal, and combined surgical approaches
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Tailgut Cyst—Gynecologist’s Pitfall: Literature Review and Case Report
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Laparoscopic Excision of a Tailgut Cyst With Refractory Pain: A Case Report
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Diagnostic challenges of tailgut cysts: a case report on an occult perianal mass
Faraz Khalid, Haris Naveed, Masab Ali, Muhammad Saad Ansari, Muhammad Sajjad Shafiq, Muhammad Husnain Ahmad
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Transanal-transrektale endoskopische Resektion einer Schwanzdarmzyste
Hussein Abdallah, Stefan Heinrich, Matthias Birth
coloproctology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Partial Resection of a Tailgut Cyst Attached to the Rectum via a Transcoccygeal Approach: A Case Report With a Favorable Outcome
Eitaro Okumura, Motoo Kubota, Ouji Momosaki, Ryo Hashimoto, Kotaro Kohara
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Trans‐abdominal single‐incision robotic surgery with the da Vinci SP® surgical system for 8 cases of retrorectal tumour
Ho Seung Kim, Bo‐Young Oh, Soon Sup Chung, Ryung‐Ah Lee, Gyoung Tae Noh
The International Journal of Medical Robotics and Computer Assisted Surgery.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Three Cases of Anal Cystic Lesions in Our Hospital
Kaori Tanaka, Toshiharu Mori, Hideki Yamada, Hideki Mori
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Diagnosis and treatment of retrorectal cystic hamartoma: clinical case
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Presacral Tailgut Cyst
Shriya Haval, Divyansh Dwivedi, Prabhat Nichkaode
Annals of African Medicine.2024; 23(2): 237. CrossRef
A neuroendocrine tumor arising in a tailgut cyst: Case report and literature review
Wei Guo, Ming Deng, Qiongrong Chen
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Ramendra Shukla, Jay Divyesh Patel, Sudhir B. Chandna, Urvish Parikh
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Two Cases of Symptomatic Tailgut Cysts
Jan Wojciechowski, Tomasz Skołozdrzy, Piotr Wojtasik, Maciej Romanowski
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The management of retrorectal tumors – a single-center analysis of 21 cases and overview of the literature
K. Fechner, B. Bittorf, M. Langheinrich, K. Weber, M. Brunner, R. Grützmann, K. E. Matzel
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Kraske-Zugang für Tumoren im kaudalen retrorektalen Raum
Rosita Sortino, Sebastian Christen, Daniel Steinemann, Ida Füglistaler
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Laparoscopic approach in the surgical treatment of large retrorectal tumors: a short-term experience at a single tertiary center case series in Korea
Jun Seong Chung, Han Deok Kwak, Jae Kyun Ju
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Open surgical treatment for giant presacral tailgut cyst – a case report
Q Liu, P Guo, C Li, G Yu, J Jiao
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Cystic lesions of the retrorectal space
Ian S Brown, Anna Sokolova, Christophe Rosty, Rondell P Graham
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Tailgut cyst mimicking second anal opening in an infant
Jay Lodhia, Mujaheed Suleman, Doreen Msemakweli, Joshua Tadayo, Patrick Amsi, David Msuya
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Surgery of presacral cysts: case series analysis and literature review
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Clara Galán, M. Pilar Hernández, M. Carmen Martínez, Anna Sánchez, Jesús Bollo, Eduardo Mª Targarona
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Bruno Mirandola Bulisani, Luiz Guilherme Lisboa Gomes, Milena Arruda de Oliveira Leite, Ricardo Moreno, Murilo Rocha Rodrigues, Felipe Martin Bianco Rossi, Renato Barretto Ferreira da Silva, Luiz Carlos Benjamin do Carmo, Jaques Waisberg
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Squamous cell carcinoma in a retrorectal cystic hamartoma
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A Case of Tailgut Cyst Treated with Laparoscopic Transabdominal and Transsacral Surgery
Naoki Kawahara, Yoshiyuki Suzuki, Yu Sakai, Shinji Maeshima, Takehiro Shimada
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Promoting Laparoscopic Anterior Approach for a Very Low Presacral Primary Neuroendocrine Tumor Arising in a Tailgut Cyst
Maria Michela Di Nuzzo, Carlo De Werra, Mirella Pace, Raduan Ahmed Franca, Maria D’Armiento, Umberto Bracale, Ruggero Lionetti, Michele D’Ambra, Armando Calogero
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A Case of Dermoid Cyst in the Ischiorectal Fossa Resected by the Transperineal Approach
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A Tailgut Cyst in the Ischiorectal Fossa—A Case Report—
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Diagnostic Accuracy of Elevated Serum Carcinoembryonic Antigen for Recurrence in Postoperative Stage II Colorectal Cancer Patients: Comparison With Stage III: Ho Seung Kim, Min Ro Lee; Ann Coloproctol. 2013;29(4):155-159. Published online August 29, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2013.29.4.155

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Abstract PDF

Purpose

Elevated levels of serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) following a curative resection of colorectal cancer (CRC) indicate recurrence; however, the levels of CEA may be elevated above the normal limit without recurrence. The aim of this study is to analyze the diagnostic accuracy of elevated serum CEA for predicting recurrence in postoperative stage II and stage III CRC patients.

Methods

A total of 336 stage II and stage III CRC patients who underwent a curative resection between January 2005 and October 2009 were enrolled. Sensitivities, specificities, positive predictive values (PPVs), negative predictive values (NPVs), likelihood ratios and post-test probabilities of recurrence associated with elevated CEA were analyzed and compared.

Results

The median follow-up duration was 45 months (36 to 134 months). Twenty-seven of 189 stage II patients (14.3%) and 52 of 147 stage III patients (35.4%) developed recurrence during the follow-up period. Sensitivities, specificities, PPVs, and NPVs of elevated CEA were 37.0%, 91.4%, 41.7%, and 89.7%, respectively, in stage II patients and 46.2%, 90.5%, 72.7%, and 75.4% in stage III patients. Post-test probabilities of recurrence associated with elevated CEA were 41.8% in stage II patients and 71.9% in stage III patients.

Conclusion

The predictive performance of the probability of recurrence associated with elevated serum CEA after a curative resection in stage II CRC patients is lower than that in stage III CRC patients.

Citations

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Blood CEA levels for detecting recurrent colorectal cancer
Brian D Nicholson, Bethany Shinkins, Indika Pathiraja, Nia W Roberts, Tim J James, Susan Mallett, Rafael Perera, John N Primrose, David Mant
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Value of Dual Assessment of Carcinoembryonic Antigen and Fluorine-18-Fluoro-Deoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography in Colorectal Cancer Recurrence
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Serum Carcinoembryonic Antigen for Recurrence in Colorectal Cancer Patients
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