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This study assessed optimal management of colonic diverticulitis as functions of disease location and severity and factors associated with complicated diverticulitis.
This retrospective review analyzed 202 patients diagnosed between 2007 and 2014 at Chonbuk National University Hospital, South Korea, with colonic diverticulitis by using abdominopelvic computed tomography. Diverticulitis location was determined, and disease severity was categorized using the modified Hinchey classification.
Patients included 108 males (53.5%) and 94 females (46.5%); of these, 167 patients (82.7%) were diagnosed with right-sided and 35 (17.3%) with left-sided colonic diverticulitis. Of the 167 patients with right-sided colonic diverticulitis, 12 (7.2%) had complicated and 155 (92.8%) had uncomplicated diverticulitis; of these, 157 patients (94.0%) were successfully managed conservatively. Of the 35 patients with left-sided colonic diverticulitis, 23 (65.7%) had complicated and 12 (34.3%) had uncomplicated diverticulitis; of these, 23 patients (65.7%) were managed surgically. Among patients with right-sided diverticulitis, those with complicated disease were significantly older (54.3 ± 12.7 years vs. 42.5 ± 13.4 years, P = 0.004) and more likely to be smokers (66.7% vs. 32.9%, P = 0.027) than those with uncomplicated disease. However, among patients with left-sided diverticulitis, those with complicated disease had significantly lower body mass index (BMI; 21.9 ± 4.7 kg/m2 vs. 25.8 ± 4.3 kg/m2, P = 0.021) than those with uncomplicated disease.
Conservative management may be effective in patients with right-sided diverticulitis and patients with uncomplicated left-sided colonic diverticulitis. Surgical management may be required for patients with complicated left-sided diverticulitis. Factors associated with complicated diverticulitis include older age, smoking and lower BMI.
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Elevated levels of serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) following a curative resection of colorectal cancer (CRC) indicate recurrence; however, the levels of CEA may be elevated above the normal limit without recurrence. The aim of this study is to analyze the diagnostic accuracy of elevated serum CEA for predicting recurrence in postoperative stage II and stage III CRC patients.
A total of 336 stage II and stage III CRC patients who underwent a curative resection between January 2005 and October 2009 were enrolled. Sensitivities, specificities, positive predictive values (PPVs), negative predictive values (NPVs), likelihood ratios and post-test probabilities of recurrence associated with elevated CEA were analyzed and compared.
The median follow-up duration was 45 months (36 to 134 months). Twenty-seven of 189 stage II patients (14.3%) and 52 of 147 stage III patients (35.4%) developed recurrence during the follow-up period. Sensitivities, specificities, PPVs, and NPVs of elevated CEA were 37.0%, 91.4%, 41.7%, and 89.7%, respectively, in stage II patients and 46.2%, 90.5%, 72.7%, and 75.4% in stage III patients. Post-test probabilities of recurrence associated with elevated CEA were 41.8% in stage II patients and 71.9% in stage III patients.
The predictive performance of the probability of recurrence associated with elevated serum CEA after a curative resection in stage II CRC patients is lower than that in stage III CRC patients.
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The aim of this study was to compare survival in patients that underwent palliative resection treatment versus non-resection for incurable colorectal cancer (ICRC).
The case records of 201 patients with ICRC between January 2000 and December 2009 were reviewed. Demographics, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) level, the location of the colon cancer, histology, metastasis, treatment options and median survival were analyzed retrospectively. We divided the patients into four groups according to the treatment modalities: resection alone, resection with post-operative chemotherapy, non-resection treatment by chemotherapy alone, and stent or bypass. Median survival times were compared according to each treatment option, and the survival rates were analyzed.
105 patients underwent palliative resection whereas 96 were treated with non-resection modalities. A palliative resection was performed in 44 cases for resection alone and in 61 cases for resection with post-operative chemotherapy. In patients treated with non-resection of the primary tumor, chemotherapy alone was done in 65 cases and stent or bypass in 31 cases. Multivariate analysis showed a median survival of 14 months in patients with palliative resections with post-operative chemotherapy, which was significantly higher than those for chemotherapy alone (8 months), primary tumor resection alone (5 months), and stent or bypass (5 months). Gender, age, ASA score, CEA level, the location of colon cancer, histology and the presence of multiple metastases were not independent factors in association with the median survival rate.
In the treatment of ICRC, palliative resection followed by post-operative chemotherapy shows the most favorable median survival compared to other treatment options.
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Large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas of the colon are rare and represent only a small percentage of all colonic endocrine tumors. Here, we report a case of a colonic large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas concurrent with a colonic adenocarcinoma. A 70-year-old man presented with acute abdominal pain. A spiral computed tomography scan of the abdomen revealed eccentric wall thickening on the ascending colon. An explorative laparotomy and a right hemicolectomy were performed. Grossly, two separated masses were observed in the proximal ascending colon. One was a 7.4 × 5.1 cm ulcerative fungating lesion, and the other was a 2.8 × 1.9 cm polypoid lesion. Microscopically, the ulcerative fungating lesion showed a well-differentiated neuroendocrine morphology with necrosis and increased mitosis. Most of the tumor cells had large, vesicular nuclei with eosinophilic nucleoli, variable amounts of eosinophilic cytoplasm, and immunoreactivity for chromogranin A and synaptophysin. The polypoid lesion was a well-differentiated adenocarcinoma that had invaded the submucosa. We diagnosed these lesions as a concurrent large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma and an adenocarcinoma of the ascending colon.
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