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Case Report

Anorectal benign disease

Chronic fistula in ano associated with adenocarcinoma: a case report with a review of the literature: Nalini Kanta Ghosh, Ashok Kumar; Ann Coloproctol. 2024;40(Suppl 1):S1-S5. Published online May 16, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2022.00752.0107

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The malignant transformation of chronic fistula in ano is rare, accounting for 3% to 11% of all anal canal malignancies. It results from long-standing inflammation and chronic irritation. No guidelines are available for the management of these cases. We herein present a case report of a 55-year-old man who presented with a history of constipation, perianal pain, and discharging fistula in ano of 4-year duration and underwent fistula surgery with recurrence. Biopsy of the fistulous tract revealed adenocarcinoma. He received neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, followed by abdominoperineal excision including excision of the fistulous tract. After 18 months of follow-up, he is free of recurrence. We present this case with a review of the literature, highlighting the management strategies.

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A Long-standing Perianal Fistula Hiding an Adenocarcinoma: A Case Report
I-Wei Lin, Ying-Wen Su, Ching-Heng Ting, Ming-Jen Chen
Journal of Cancer Research and Practice.2026;[Epub] CrossRef

Original Article

Colorectal cancer

Are the width, length, depth, and area of submucosal invasion predictive of lymph node metastasis in pT1 colorectal cancer?: Olga Maynovskaia, Evgeny Rybakov, Stanislav Chernyshov, Evgeniy Khomyakov, Sergey Achkasov; Ann Coloproctol. 2023;39(6):484-492. Published online December 26, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2023.00087.0012

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Purpose
Submucosa-limited (pathological T1, pT1) colorectal cancers (CRCs) pose a continuing challenge in the choice of treatment options, which range from local excision to radical surgery. The aim of this study was to evaluate the morphometric and morphologic risk factors associated with regional lymph node metastasis (LNM) in pT1 CRC.
Methods
We performed a histological review of patients who underwent oncological resection between 2016 and 2022. Tumor grade, budding, poorly differentiated clusters (PDCs), cancer gland rupture, lymphovascular invasion (LVI), and presence of deep submucosal invasion (DSI), as well as width, length, total area, and area of DSI, were evaluated as potential risk factors for LNM.
Results
A total of 264 cases of colon and rectal carcinomas with invasion into the submucosal layer (pT1) were identified. LNM was found in 46 of the 264 cases (17.4%). All morphometric parameters, as well as DSI (P=0.330), showed no significant association with LNM. High grade adenocarcinoma (P=0.050), budding (P=0.056), and PDCs (P<0.001) were associated with LNM. In the multivariate analysis, LVI presence remained the only significant independent risk factor (odds ratio, 15.7; 95% confidence interval, 8.5–94.9; P<0.001).
Conclusion
The DSI of T1 CRC, as well as other morphometric parameters of submucosal tumor spread, held no predictive value in terms of LNM. LVI was the only independent risk factor of LNM.

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The results of randomized controlled trial comparing effectiveness of transanal endoscopic microsurgery versus endoscopic submucosal dissection
Evgeny Rybakov, Stanislav Chernyshov, Aleksey Likutov, Evgeny Khomiakov, Oleg Yugai, Mikhail Alekseev, Olga Maynovskaia, Mikhail Tarasov, Sergei Achkasov
Surgical Endoscopy.2026; 40(1): 469. CrossRef
IMMUNOREACT 8: Immune markers of local tumor spread in patients undergoing transanal excision for clinically N0 rectal cancer
Giulia Becherucci, Cesare Ruffolo, Melania Scarpa, Federico Scognamiglio, Astghik Stepanyan, Isacco Maretto, Andromachi Kotsafti, Ottavia De Simoni, Pierluigi Pilati, Boris Franzato, Antonio Scapinello, Francesca Bergamo, Marco Massani, Tommaso Stecca, An
Surgery.2025; 178: 108902. CrossRef
Long-term outcomes and lymph node metastasis following endoscopic resection with additional surgery or primary surgery for T1 colorectal cancer
Pin-Chun Chen, Yi-Kai Kao, Po-Wen Yang, Chia-Hung Chen, Chih-I Chen
Scientific Reports.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Management strategies for pT1 rectal cancer following local excision: Insights from a national survey by the AIRO gastrointestinal study group
Elena Galofaro, Paola De Franco, Federico Barbaro, Roberta Menghi, Silvia Pecere, Angela Romano, Silvia Di Franco, Rita Marina Niespolo, Mariantonietta Gambacorta, Giuditta Chiloiro
Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Sciences.2025; 18(4): 101955. CrossRef
Problems and prospects of using morphological risk factors for lymph node metastasis in T1 colorectal cancer (review)
O. A. Mainovskaya
Koloproktologia.2025; 24(4): 177. CrossRef

Case Report

Metastasis

Peritoneal metastatic mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma treated with cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy: a case report: Sungchul Lee, Euitae Kim, Dong-Guk Park; Ann Coloproctol. 2024;40(Suppl 1):S18-S22. Published online November 21, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2022.00339.0048

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Abstract PDF

A 61-year-old man presented with abdominal distension without any symptoms. On colonoscopy and computed tomography findings, it was clinically diagnosed as peritoneal metastasis of sigmoid colon cancer, and diagnostic laparoscopy was performed. Only the peritoneum was partially resected, and the pathology was signet ring cell carcinoma with predominantly local mucinous carcinoma component. However, the patient complained of persistent symptoms and, despite the progress of chemotherapy, the peritoneal dissemination worsened, and additional cytoreductive surgery with hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) was performed. Mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinomas (MANECs) were reported in the appendix with perforated visceral peritoneum. After additional chemotherapy, the patient was discharged. Patients with advanced MANEC with peritoneal spreading may benefit from aggressive treatment by cytoreduction surgery with HIPEC, followed by intravenous chemotherapy.

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Mixed neuroendocrine non-neuroendocrine neoplasms in gastroenteropancreatic tract
Sebastián Díaz-López, Jerónimo Jiménez-Castro, Carlos Enrique Robles-Barraza, Carlos Ayala-de Miguel, Manuel Chaves-Conde
World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology.2024; 16(4): 1166. CrossRef

Original Article

Malignant disease, Rectal cancer,Prognosis and adjuvant therapy,Minimally invasive surgery

Should transanal total mesorectal excision be implemented in medium-sized colorectal unit? technical and oncological outcome: Man-fung Ho, Dennis Chung-Kei Ng, Janet Fung-yee Lee, Simon Siu-man Ng; Ann Coloproctol. 2022;38(3):207-215. Published online July 28, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2020.00941.0134

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4 Citations

Abstract PDF

Purpose
This study was performed to evaluate the outcome of implementation of transanal total mesorectal excision (TaTME) for low rectal cancer in a regional hospital and in comparison to laparoscopic (Lap) TME.
Methods
Consecutive patients with low rectal cancer of which the lowest border of the tumour was located beween 1 and 5 cm from the puborectalis who underwent TME at North District Hospital between January 2013 and December 2019 were included. Clinical, operative, and pathologic outcomes were compared between Lap TME and TaTME. The primary end point was complication profile.
Results
Thirty-five patients underwent Lap TME and 45 patients underwent TaTME for low rectal cancer. The conversion rate of the TaTME group was significantly lower than that of the Lap TME group (4.4% vs. 20%, P=0.029), but the operating time was longer (259 minutes vs. 219 minutes, P=0.009). The tumour location was significantly lower in the TaTME group, but the distal resection margins were adequate and not different between both groups. The TaTME group had higher incidence rates of prolonged ileus and urinary tract infection, but the other complications were similar between the two groups. The resection margin positivity rates of the TaTME and Lap TME groups were 2.2% and 5.7%, respectively (P=0.670). At a median follow up of 39 months, no abnormal early recurrence was detected.
Conclusion
It is technically feasible and oncologically safe to perform TaTME in a medium-volume colorectal unit. Patients with difficult pelvic anatomy can benefit by reducing the risk of conversion and margin positivity rate.

Citations

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The Korean Rectal Cancer Multidisciplinary Committee Clinical Practice Guidelines for Rectal Cancer version 2.0
Hyo Seon Ryu, Hyun Jung Kim, Dong Hyun Kang, Yoo-Kang Kwak, Han Deok Kwak, Yoon-Hye Kwon, Dalyon Kim, Baek-Hui Kim, Jae Hyun Kim, Ji Hun Kim, Jin Won Kim, Tae Hyung Kim, Hae Young Kim, Soo Min Nam, Gyoung Tae Noh, Jun Woo Bong, Nak Song Sung, Seon Hui Shi
Annals of Coloproctology.2026; 42(1): 4. CrossRef
Transanal versus transabdominal total mesorectal excision for rectal cancer in minimally invasive surgery: meta-analysis
Chun-Kai Liao, Yen-Lin Yu, Ya-Ting Kuo, Yu-Jen Hsu, Yih-Jong Chern, Yueh-Chen Lin, Pao-Shiu Hsieh, Jeng-Fu You, Jy-Ming Chiang
BJS Open.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Sex Disparities in Rectal Cancer Surgery: An In-Depth Analysis of Surgical Approaches and Outcomes
Chungyeop Lee, In Ja Park
The World Journal of Men's Health.2024; 42(2): 304. CrossRef
Do Laparoscopic Approaches Ensure Oncological Safety and Prognosis for Serosa-Exposed Colon Cancer? A Comparative Study against the Open Approach
Ji-Hyun Seo, In-Ja Park
Cancers.2023; 15(21): 5211. CrossRef

Case Report

Metachronous carcinoma at the colostomy site after abdominoperineal resection of rectal cancer: a case report: Young Sun Choi, Kil-young Lee, Youn Young Park, Hyung Jin Kim, Jaeim Lee; Ann Coloproctol. 2023;39(2):175-177. Published online July 27, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2020.00185.0026

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Abstract PDF

Metachronous carcinoma at the colostomy site is very rare after abdominoperineal resection. A 53-year-old male patient underwent an abdominoperineal resection 6 years earlier for rectal cancer developed metachronous carcinoma at the site of stoma. A portion of the colon, including the stoma and the surrounding skin, was resected and a new stoma was created in the transverse colon. Although the occurrence of carcinoma at the stoma site is a rare condition, careful observation for the stoma and colonoscopy for surveillance are necessary.

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Tumor Recurrence at the Colostomy Site: A Rare Case Report and Literature Review
Abdelhak Ettaoussi, Ilias El Azhari, Nassima Fakhiri, Abdessamad Majd, Kamal Khadija, Mounir Bouali, Abdelilah El Bakouri, Khalid Khaleq, Khalid El Hattabi
European Journal of Medical and Health Research.2025; 3(3): 215. CrossRef
A rare case of metastatic carcinoma at the colostomy site after abdominoperineal resection
Dheeraj Manne, Tirou Aroul, Robinson Smile
International Surgery Journal.2025; 12(10): 1849. CrossRef
Colostomy‐site carcinoma with primitive phenotype in a rectal cancer patient after achieving pathological complete response with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy
Takayuki Kodama, Maki Kanzawa, Hiroshi Hasegawa, Shuichi Tsukamoto, Mari Nishio, Manabu Shigeoka, Yu‐ichiro Koma, Tomoo Itoh, Hiroshi Yokozaki
Pathology International.2024; 74(1): 33. CrossRef
Metachronous Carcinoma at Colostomy Site Post Abdominoperineal Resection – A Rare Presentation Case Report
Muhammed Huzaifa, Ankita Singh, Vaibhav Aggarwal, Anita Dhar
Clinical Cancer Investigation Journal.2023; 12(2): 1. CrossRef
Peristomal adenocarcinoma 16 years after colorectal adenocarcinoma resection with curative intent
Kayleigh A M van Dam, Thaís T T Tweed, Bart de Vries, Henricus J Belgers
Journal of Surgical Case Reports.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
A Rare Case of Metachronous Carcinoma at the Colostomy Site Following Abdominoperineal Resection – Case Report
Naoki Todayama, Ai Hua Chang, Tomohiro Tabata
Archive of International Journal of Cancer and Allied Science.2023; 3(2): 1. CrossRef

Original Articles

Malignant disease,Prognosis and adjuvant therapy

Analysis of the Incidence and Clinical Features of Colorectal Nonadenocarcinoma in Korea: A National Cancer Registry-Based Study: Soomin Nam, Dongwook Kim, Kyuwon Jung, Yoon Jung Choi, Jung Gu Kang; Ann Coloproctol. 2020;36(6):390-397. Published online May 15, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2020.05.03.2

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12 Citations

Abstract PDF

Purpose
Although most colorectal malignancies are adenocarcinomas from mucosa, various types of malignant and benign tumors can develop. Due to extremely low incidence, little research has been conducted. The purpose was to assess incidence and compare it according to demographic factors.
Methods
Data from the Korea National Cancer Registry from 2007 to 2016 were used. The crude incidence, age-standard incidence rate (ASR) of colorectal nonadenocarcinomas were calculated.
Results
Over 11 years, there were 267,142 patients with colorectal malignancies. The patients of 14,495 (5.43%) were diagnosed with nonadenocarcinoma. The ASR was 2.52 per 100,000 in men and 1.56 in women. Lesions were classified according to histologic categories; neuroendocrine tumor (NET) was the most common malignancy (10,919 [75.33%]). Nonadenocarcinoma was the most common in 40s and 50s (40 to 49 years, 3,530 [24.35%]; 50 to 59 years, 3,991 [27.53%]). Lymphoma was high (54.46%) in patients in teenagers. Proportion of NET decreased with age and that of carcinoma increased with age. Carcinoma, sarcoma, and lymphoma were more common among men and melanoma was more common among women. The most common site was the rectum (11,066 [76.34%]). Lymphoma occurred more frequently in proximal colon. Melanoma, gastrointestinal stromal tumor, and NET occurred mostly in rectum. A total of 10,155 patients (70.06%) were classified as having localized disease.
Conclusion
This study is meaningful as it is the first study to examine incidence of colorectal nonadenocarcinoma. Differences in incidence of different lesions based on demographic factors were identified. This study will play a role in cancer prevention and diagnosis projects.

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Robot-Assisted Ultra-Low Anterior Resection for Rectal Neuroendocrine Tumors after Severe Perineal Tears: A Case Report
Kenji Baba, Masumi Wada, Naoki Kuroshima, Yuto Hozaka, Daisaku Kamiimabeppu, Masataka Shimonosono, Yota Kawasaki, Ken Sasaki, Michiyo Higashi, Hiroaki Kobayashi, Takaaki Arigami, Takao Ohtsuka
Surgical Case Reports.2025; 11(1): n/a. CrossRef
The efficacy of endoscopic submucosal dissection for 10–20 mm rectal neuroendocrine tumors based on resection margin status
Pei-Rong Xu, Zu-Qiang Liu, Yi-Cheng Tian, Yan-Fang Tan, Meng-Jiang He, Quan-Lin Li, Ping-Hong Zhou, Hao Hu
Surgical Endoscopy.2025; 39(11): 7536. CrossRef
Risk Factor Analysis of Lymph Node Metastasis for Rectal Neuroendocrine Tumors: Who Needs a Radical Resection in Rectal Neuroendocrine Tumors Sized 1–2 cm?
Jin Sun Choi, Min Jung Kim, Rumi Shin, Ji Won Park, Seung Chul Heo, Seung-Yong Jeong, Kyu Joo Park, Seung-Bum Ryoo
Annals of Surgical Oncology.2024; 31(4): 2414. CrossRef
Assessing risk stratification in long-term outcomes of rectal neuroendocrine tumors following endoscopic resection: a multicenter retrospective study
Hyun Jin Lee, Yun Seo, Chang Kyo Oh, Ji Min Lee, Hyun Ho Choi, Tae-Geun Gweon, Sung-Hak Lee, Dae Young Cheung, Jin Il Kim, Soo-Heon Park, Han Hee Lee
Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology.2024; 59(7): 868. CrossRef
Oncological outcomes according to the treatment modality based on the size of rectal neuroendocrine tumors: a single-center retrospective study
Jimin Son, In Ja Park, Dong-Hoon Yang, Jisup Kim, Kyoung-Jo Kim, Jeong-Sik Byeon, Seung Mo Hong, Young Il Kim, Jong Beom Kim, Seok-Byung Lim, Chang Sik Yu, Jin Cheon Kim
Surgical Endoscopy.2022; 36(4): 2445. CrossRef
Epidemiology, risk factors, and prevention of colorectal cancer
Kyung Uk Jung, Hyung Ook Kim, Hungdai Kim
Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2022; 65(9): 549. CrossRef
Direction of diagnosis and treatment improvement in colorectal cancer
In Ja Park
Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2022; 65(9): 540. CrossRef
Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Prevention of Colorectal Cancer-An English Version
Kyung Uk Jung, Hyung Ook Kim, Hungdai Kim
Journal of the Anus, Rectum and Colon.2022; 6(4): 231. CrossRef
Update on Diagnosis and Treatment of Colorectal Cancer
Chan Wook Kim
The Ewha Medical Journal.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Trends in the Incidence and Survival Rates of Colorectal Signet-Ring Cell Carcinoma in the South Korean Population: Analysis of the Korea Central Cancer Registry Database
Ji-Hoon Kim, Hyunil Kim, Jin Woo Kim, Hee Man Kim
Journal of Clinical Medicine.2021; 10(18): 4258. CrossRef
Primary tumor location (right versus left side of the colon) and resection affect the survival of patients with liver metastases from colonic neuroendocrine carcinoma: a population-based study
Wen Cai, Weiting Ge, Jiawei Zhang, Siyuan Xie, Dehao Wu, Hanguang Hu, Jianshan Mao
Therapeutic Advances in Gastroenterology.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Colorectal Nonadenocarcinoma in South Korea
Jung Wook Huh
Annals of Coloproctology.2020; 36(6): 359. CrossRef

Malignant disease, Rectal cancer, Functional outcomes

Early and Late Functional Outcomes of Anal Sphincter-Sparing Procedures With Total Mesorectal Excision for Anorectal Adenocarcinoma: Osama Eldamshety, Sherif Kotb, Ashraf Khater, Sameh Roshdy, Mohamed Elashry, Mohamed S. Zahi, Hend M. Hamdey Rashed Elkalla, Waleed Elnahas, Omar Farouk, Adel Fathi, Ahmed Senbel, Emad-Eldeen Hamed, Khaled Abdelwahab, Islam Abdou Elzahby, Ahmed abdallah, Mahmoud Abdelaziz, Emanuele Lezoche; Ann Coloproctol. 2020;36(3):148-154. Published online April 20, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2018.07.19

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Abstract PDF

Background
The study aims to assess the functional outcome of anal sphincter sparing procedures (SSP) with TME for anorectal adenocarcinoma.
Methods
In a multicentric, prospective, single-group study in the period between December 2012 and November 2017, 93 patients presented with anorectal adenocarcinoma were included in the study. Sixty-nine patients underwent SSP with TME. SSP included the combined approach of transabdominal TME with intersphincteric resection (ISR) or transanal transabdominal TME (TATA). Using the Per Anal Examination Scoring System (PASS), postoperative anal function was assessed after one year.
Results
Bowel motility time was 50 (±19) hours. The time needed for narcotic analgesia was 54 (±18.8) hours. Mean hospital stay was 15.4 (±10.25) days. Incidence of evident fecal incontinence after ISR is 10.6% (7/67 cases). The Per Anal Examination Scoring System (PASS) findings of 69 cases are as follows: extremely hypotonic 8.6% (6 cases), slightly hypotonic 26.1% (18 cases), normal tone 58% (40 cases), slightly stenotic 3 cases (4.3%), or occluded 2.9% (2 cases). Urinary dysfunction occurred in one case (1.4%). Temporary diversion was performed in 61 patients (87.1%).
Conclusion
Sphincter preservation with TME for anorectal adenocarcinoma helps avoid permanent stoma and provides a reasonable functional outcome. PASS is a new application for postoperative assessment of anal function

Citations

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Transanal Minimally Invasive TME (TaTME) Versus Non-Endoscopic Transanal Intersphincteric Resection of Post-Neoadjuvant Ultralow Rectal Adenocarcinoma: A Multicentric, Matched Case–Control Study
Osama Eldamshety, Mohamed Abdekhalek, Amir M. Zaid, Essam Attia, Mohamed Zuhdy, Emanuel Lezoche, Giovanni Lezoche, Enjy Mosaad, Marwa Abogabal, Islam Elzahby
Indian Journal of Surgery.2025; 87(5): 912. CrossRef
Pathologic Implications of Magnetic Resonance Imaging-detected Extramural Venous Invasion of Rectal Cancer
Hyun Gu Lee, Chan Wook Kim, Jong Keon Jang, Seong Ho Park, Young Il Kim, Jong Lyul Lee, Yong Sik Yoon, In Ja Park, Seok-Byung Lim, Chang Sik Yu, Jin Cheon Kim
Clinical Colorectal Cancer.2023; 22(1): 129. CrossRef
International Society of University Colon and Rectal Surgeons survey of surgeons’ preference on rectal cancer treatment
Audrius Dulskas, Philip F. Caushaj, Domas Grigoravicius, Liu Zheng, Richard Fortunato, Joseph W. Nunoo-Mensah, Narimantas E. Samalavicius
Annals of Coloproctology.2023; 39(4): 307. CrossRef
Multidisciplinary treatment strategy for early rectal cancer
Gyung Mo Son, In Young Lee, Sung Hwan Cho, Byung-Soo Park, Hyun Sung Kim, Su Bum Park, Hyung Wook Kim, Sang Bo Oh, Tae Un Kim, Dong Hoon Shin
Precision and Future Medicine.2022; 6(1): 32. CrossRef
Watch and wait strategies for rectal cancer: A systematic review
In Ja Park
Precision and Future Medicine.2022; 6(2): 91. CrossRef
Current status and role of robotic approach in patients with low-lying rectal cancer
Hyo Seon Ryu, Jin Kim
Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research.2022; 103(1): 1. CrossRef
Robotic surgery for colorectal cancer
Sung Uk Bae
Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2022; 65(9): 577. CrossRef
Update on Diagnosis and Treatment of Colorectal Cancer
Chan Wook Kim
The Ewha Medical Journal.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Low Anterior Resection Syndrome: Pathophysiology, Risk Factors, and Current Management
Seung Mi Yeo, Gyung Mo Son
The Ewha Medical Journal.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Current Status and Future of Robotic Surgery for Colorectal Cancer-An English Version
Sung Uk Bae
Journal of the Anus, Rectum and Colon.2022; 6(4): 221. CrossRef
Is It a Refractory Disease?- Fecal Incontinence; beyond Medication
Chungyeop Lee, Jong Lyul Lee
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Athina A. Samara, Ioannis Baloyiannis, Konstantinos Perivoliotis, Dimitrios Symeonidis, Alexandros Diamantis, Konstantinos Tepetes
International Journal of Colorectal Disease.2021; 36(7): 1385. CrossRef
Robotic Intersphincteric Resection for Low Rectal Cancer: Technical Controversies and a Systematic Review on the Perioperative, Oncological, and Functional Outcomes
Guglielmo Niccolò Piozzi, Seon Hahn Kim
Annals of Coloproctology.2021; 37(6): 351. CrossRef
Functional outcomes after sphincter-preserving surgeries for low-lying rectal cancer: A review
Eun Jung Park, Seung Hyuk Baik
Precision and Future Medicine.2021; 5(4): 164. CrossRef
Simplification or Accuracy: In Assessing Functional Outcomes After Intersphincteric Resection for Low Rectal Cancer
Kyung Jong Kim
Annals of Coloproctology.2020; 36(3): 129. CrossRef

Malignant disease

Cytoreductive Surgery and Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy With Mitomycin C Used for Colorectal Peritoneal Carcinomatosis: Seung Jae Roh, Sung Chan Park, Jaehee Choi, Joon Sang Lee, Dong Woon Lee, Chang Won Hong, Kyung Su Han, Hyoung Chul Park, Dae Kyung Sohn, Jae Hwan Oh; Ann Coloproctol. 2020;36(1):22-29. Published online February 29, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2019.04.30

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Abstract PDF

Purpose
This study aimed to assess the evaluation of clinical outcomes and consequences of complications after cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) for the peritoneal carcinomatosis (PC) from colorectal cancer.
Methods
A total 26 patients underwent CRS and HIPEC for PC from colorectal cancer between March 2009 and April 2018. All the patients underwent CRS with the purpose of complete or near-complete cytoreduction. Intraoperative HIPEC was performed simultaneously after the CRS. Mitomycin C was used as chemotherapeutic agent for HIPEC.
Results
Median disease-free survival was 27.8 months (range, 13.4–42.2 months). Median overall survival was 56.0 months (range, 28.6–83.5 months). The mean peritoneal cancer index (PCI) was 8.73 ± 5.54. The distributions thereof were as follows: PCI <10, 69.23%; PCI 10–19, 23.08%; and PCI ≥20, 7.69%. The completeness of cytoreduction was 96.2% of patients showed CC-0, with 3.8% achieved CC-1. The mean operation time was 8.5 hours, and the mean postoperative hospital stay was 21.6 days. The overall rate of early postoperative complications was 88.5%; the rate of late complications was 34.6%. In the early period, most complications were grades I–II complications (65.4%), compared to grades III–V (23.1%). All late complications, occurring in 7.7% of patients, were grades III–V. There was no treatment-related mortality.
Conclusion
Although the complication rate was approximately 88%, but the rate of severe complication rate was low. In selective patients with peritoneal recurrence, more aggressive strategies for management, such as CRS with HIPEC, were able to be considered under the acceptable general condition and life-expectancy.

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Chang Hyun Kim
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Recent Advance in the Surgical Treatment of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer-An English Version
Eun Jung Park, Seung Hyuk Baik
Journal of the Anus, Rectum and Colon.2022; 6(4): 213. CrossRef
Update on Diagnosis and Treatment of Colorectal Cancer
Chan Wook Kim
The Ewha Medical Journal.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy Following Cytoreductive Surgery for Colorectal Peritoneal Carcinomatosis Patients: A Review
Sarah S Alhumaidan, Abeer M Alharbi, Ayesha Farhana Syeda, Fatimah A Alghaidani, Manal M Almutairi, Nourah A Alharbi, Reham K Alenezi
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Hyperthermia generated by magnetic nanoparticles for effective treatment of disseminated peritoneal cancer in an orthotopic nude-mouse model
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Case Reports

Malignant disease,Rare disease & stoma

Extensive Resection for Treatment of Locally Advanced Primary Mucinous Adenocarcinoma Arising From Fistula-in-Ano: Jordan Au, Francis M. Hulme-Moir, Andrew Herd, Mathew A. Kozman; Ann Coloproctol. 2021;37(Suppl 1):S7-S10. Published online November 26, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2019.11.19

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Abstract PDF

We report a case of a 66-year-old male who presented with a locally advanced primary mucinous adenocarcinoma arising from a fistula-in-ano. The presentation was typical for perianal sepsis and fistula-in-ano with anal pain and chronic discharge. Initial treatments with fistula debridement and seton were performed. Subsequent review of histology revealed underlying adenocarcinoma, while magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) showed local invasion into the prostate. The patient received neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy followed by pelvic exenteration to maximize the chance of achieving cure. Features of this case are discussed together with its implications, including treatment guidelines and typical MRI findings.

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Perianal Mucinous Adenocarcinoma: A Case Report and a Systematic Review of the Literature
Ioannis D. Gkegkes, Vassilis Milionis, Nikolaos Goutas, Ioannis Mantzoros, Antonia A. Bourtzinakou, Apostolos P. Stamatiadis
Journal of Gastrointestinal Cancer.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
A Rare Presentation of Fournier’s Gangrene: Necrotizing Infection Traveling Through a Fistula From the Rectum to the Corpus Cavernosum
Donald Dennis, Michael Gentry
Cureus.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Perianal Mucinous Adenocarcinoma Found Incidentally From Perianal Mass
Seyed Khalafi, Malini Riddle, Brittany Harper, Vid Fikfak
Cureus.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Advances in the Treatment of Colorectal Cancer with Peritoneal Metastases: A Focus on Cytoreductive Surgery and Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy
Youngbae Jeon, Eun Jung Park
The Ewha Medical Journal.2023;[Epub] CrossRef

Malignant disease

Abdominopelvic Actinomycosis Mimicking Peritoneal Carcinomatosis: A Case Report: Sungjin Kim, Sung Il Kang, Sohyun Kim, Min Hye Jang, Jae Hwang Kim; Ann Coloproctol. 2020;36(6):417-420. Published online November 13, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2019.11.07

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3 Citations

Abstract PDF

Actinomycosis is a rare chronic bacterial infection primarily caused by Actinomyces israelii. A 47-year-old woman presented to our clinic with a 1-week history of lower abdominal pain. Preoperative imaging studies revealed multiple peritoneal and pelvic masses suggestive of malignancy. The primary tumor could not be identified despite further endoscopic and gynecological evaluation. On exploration for tissue confirmation, excisional biopsies from multiple masses were performed because complete excision was not possible. Histopathological examination confirmed actinomycosis with multiple abscesses, and the patient was treated with antibiotics. We present a case of disseminated peritoneal actinomycosis that mimicked malignant peritoneal carcinomatosis on imaging studies.

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Carcinomatosis peritoneal, como medirla
A. Mesa Álvarez, M. da Silva Torres, A. Fernández del Valle, A. Cernuda García, E. Turienzo Santos, L. Sanz Álvarez
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How to measure peritoneal carcinomatosis
A. Mesa Álvarez, M. da Silva Torres, A. Fernández del Valle, A. Cernuda García, E. Turienzo Santos, L. Sanz Álvarez
Radiología (English Edition).2025; 67(4): 101593. CrossRef
Abdominopelvic Actinomycosis—The Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenge of the Most Misdiagnosed Disease
Alin Mihai Vasilescu, Eugen Târcoveanu, Cristian Lupascu, Mihaela Blaj, Corina Lupascu Ursulescu, Costel Bradea
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Original Article

Chemotherapeutic Response and Survival for Patients With an Anal Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Low Hemoglobin Levels: Ali Zain Naqvi, Esther Platt, Maki Jitsumura, Martyn Evans, Mark Coleman, Sebastian Smolarek; Ann Coloproctol. 2018;34(6):312-316. Published online December 31, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2017.10.12

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1 Citations

Abstract PDF

Purpose
Anemia is associated with poor treatment results for a variety of cancers. The effect of low hemoglobin levels on long-term outcomes after the treatment of patients with an anal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) remains unclear. For that reason, this study aimed to investigate the effect of anemia on treatment outcomes following chemoradiation for an anal SCC.
Methods
This was a retrospective study of all patients who underwent curative treatment for an anal SCC between 2009 and 2015 at 2 trusts in the United Kingdom. Data were collated from prospectively collected cancer databases and were cross-checked with operating-room records and records in the hospitals’ patient management systems.
Results
We identified 103 patients with a median age of 63 years (range, 36–84 years). The median overall survival was 39 months (range, 9–90 months), and the disease-free survival was 36 months (range, 2–90 months). During the follow-up period, 16.5% patients died and 13.6% patients developed recurrence. Twenty-two people were anemic prior to treatment, with a female preponderance (20 of 22). No differences in disease-free survival (P = 0.74) and overall survival (P = 0.12) were noted between patients with anemia and those with normal hemoglobin levels. On regression the analysis, the combination of anemia, the presence of a defunctioning colostomy, lymph-node involvement and higher tumor stage correlated with poor overall survival.
Conclusion
In this study, anemia did not influence disease-free survival or overall survival. We suggest that the interaction between anemia and survival is more complex than previously demonstrated and potentially reliant on other coexisting factors.

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Prognostic and Predictive Clinical and Biological Factors in HPV Malignancies
Shivani Sud, Ashley A. Weiner, Andrew Z. Wang, Gaorav P. Gupta, Colette J. Shen
Seminars in Radiation Oncology.2021; 31(4): 309. CrossRef

Case Reports

Anal Adenocarcinoma Can Masquerade as Chronic Anal Fistula in Asians: Faith Qi-Hui Leong, Dedrick Kok Hong Chan, Ker-Kan Tan; Ann Coloproctol. 2019;35(1):47-49. Published online December 3, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2018.03.15

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Abstract PDF

Purpose
Perianal adenocarcinoma arising from a chronic anorectal fistula is a rare condition for which the natural history and optimal management are not well established. For that reason, we conducted a retrospective analysis of 5 consecutive patients with a perianal adenocarcinoma arising from a chronic anorectal fistula managed at our institution from January 2014 to December 2015.
Methods
The patients were identified from a prospectively collected colorectal cancer database that included all patients managed for colorectal cancer at our institution.
Results
The median age at diagnosis was 64 years (range, 55–72 years). Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was the initial investigation for all patients and showed a hyperintense T2-weighted image. One patient underwent an abdominoperineal resection following neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and remained disease free during the 12-month follow-up. Three patients received neoadjuvant therapy with intent for surgery, but did not undergo surgery due to either worsening health or metastatic spread. One patient declined intervention. The median overall survival was 10.5 months (range, 2–19 months).
Conclusion
A high index of suspicion is required to make a clinical diagnosis of an anal adenocarcinoma arising from a chronic fistula. Histologic diagnosis must be achieved to confirm the diagnosis. Multimodal therapy with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy followed by abdominoperineal resection is the treatment of choice.

Citations

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A Long-standing Perianal Fistula Hiding an Adenocarcinoma: A Case Report
I-Wei Lin, Ying-Wen Su, Ching-Heng Ting, Ming-Jen Chen
Journal of Cancer Research and Practice.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Chronic fistula in ano associated with adenocarcinoma: a case report with a review of the literature
Nalini Kanta Ghosh, Ashok Kumar
Annals of Coloproctology.2024; 40(Suppl 1): S1. CrossRef
Value of apparent diffusion coefficient on MRI for prediction of histopathological type in anal fistula cancer
Shinji Yamamoto, Keiji Yonezawa, Naoki Fukata, Koji Takeshita, Makoto Kodama, Tetsuro Yamana, Shigeru Kiryu, Yukinori Okada
Medicine.2023; 102(14): e33281. CrossRef
Synchronous anal mucinous adenocarcinoma and anal tuberculosis presenting as chronic anal fistula: Challenging management
Sarah Benammi, Youness Bakali, Mouna Alaoui
Archive of Clinical Cases.2023; 10(2): 74. CrossRef
Non-mucinous adenocarcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas of the anal region masquerading as abscess or fistula: a retrospective analysis and systematic review of literature
Aysun Tekbaş, Henning Mothes, Utz Settmacher, Silke Schuele
Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology.2022; 148(6): 1509. CrossRef
Management and Outcomes in Anal Canal Adenocarcinomas—A Systematic Review
Vasilis Taliadoros, Henna Rafique, Shahnawaz Rasheed, Paris Tekkis, Christos Kontovounisios
Cancers.2022; 14(15): 3738. CrossRef
Adjuvant chemoradiotherapy does not improve outcomes in patients with fistula-associated anal adenocarcinoma undergoing abdominoperineal resection
Min Wang, Yu Xiang, Yunshan Wang, Jiayi Zhang, Haoran Zhao, Can Wang, Lichao Qiao, Bolin Yang
Frontiers in Oncology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef

Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Colon With Carcinomatosis Peritonei: Jang Jin Kim, Sung Su Park, Taek-Gu Lee, Ho-Chang Lee, Sang-Jeon Lee; Ann Coloproctol. 2018;34(4):222-225. Published online July 26, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2018.02.27

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Abstract PDF

Colorectal large-cell neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs) are extremely rare and have very poor prognosis compared to adenocarcinomas. A 74-year-old man presented with abdominal pain, diarrhea and hematochezia. The histopathologic report of colonoscopic biopsy performed at a local clinic was a poorly differentiated carcinoma. An abdominopelvic computed scan revealed irregularly enhanced wall thickening at the sigmoid colon with regional fat stranding and lymphnode enlargement. He underwent a laparoscopic high anterior resection with selective peritonectomy for peritoneal carcinomatosis, intraoperative peritoneal irrigation chemotherapy, and early postoperative intraperitoneal chemotherapy for 5 days. The tumor had a high proliferation rate (mitotic count > 50/10 HPFs and 90% of the Ki-67 index) and lymph-node metastases had occurred. On immunohistochemistry, the tumor cells expressed CD56 and synaptophysin. Large-cell NEC was confirmed. Systemic chemotherapy with cisplatin/etoposide was done. The patient is still alive after 3 years with no evidence of recurrence.

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Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma Presenting as Adult Intussusception
John O Agboola, Hagar Attia, Li Zhonghua, Meredith Pittman
Cureus.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the colon: An unexpected diagnosis: A case report
Maissa Ben Thayer, Imen Helal, Fatma Khanchel, Nizar Khdhiri, Ehsen Ben Brahim, Raja Jouini, Aschraf Chadli-Debbiche
International Journal of Surgery Case Reports.2024; 121: 109929. CrossRef
Resection of primary lesion with chemotherapy improves the survival of patients with metastatic colorectal neuroendocrine carcinoma
Qinghua WANG, Ruihua YIN, Wanfen TANG, Chenghui LI, Hongjuan ZHENG, Xia ZHANG, Xiayun JIN, Mingliang YING, Jianfei FU
Journal of Zhejiang University (Medical Sciences).2022; 51(5): 594. CrossRef
The Expression of Chromogranin A, Syanptophysin and Ki67 in Detecting Neuroendocrine Neoplasma at High Grade Colorectal Adenocarcinoma
W. A. Gusti Deasy, M. Husni Cangara, Andi Alfian Zainuddin, Djumadi Achmad, Syarifuddin Wahid, Upik A. Miskad
Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences.2021; 9(A): 1142. CrossRef
Isolation and Characterization of Two Novel Colorectal Cancer Cell Lines, Containing a Subpopulation with Potential Stem-Like Properties: Treatment Options by MYC/NMYC Inhibition
Jan Schulte am Esch, Beatrice Ariane Windmöller, Johannes Hanewinkel, Jonathan Storm, Christine Förster, Ludwig Wilkens, Martin Krüger, Barbara Kaltschmidt, Christian Kaltschmidt
Cancers.2020; 12(9): 2582. CrossRef
Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the colon with brain metastasis
Ali Allouch, Mohamad K. Moussa, Ali Dirany, Zahraa Barek, Mohammad Makke, Nizar Bitar
International Journal of Surgery Case Reports.2020; 76(C): 421. CrossRef
A case of colorectal large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma accompanied by disseminated peritoneal leiomyomatosis
Kunihiko Suga, Hiroomi Ogawa, Makoto Sohda, Chika Katayama, Naoya Ozawa, Katsuya Osone, Takuhisa Okada, Takuya Shiraishi, Ryuji Katoh, Akihiko Sano, Makoto Sakai, Takehiko Yokobori, Ken Shirabe, Hiroshi Saeki
Surgical Case Reports.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Colorectal neuroendocrine carcinoma: A case report and review of the literature
Tomoaki Yoshida, Kenya Kamimura, Kazunori Hosaka, Koji Doumori, Hiromitsu Oka, Akito Sato, Yasuo Fukuhara, Shoji Watanabe, Tomomi Sato, Akira Yoshikawa, Takashi Tomidokoro, Shuji Terai
World Journal of Clinical Cases.2019; 7(14): 1865. CrossRef

Abdominal Sarcoidosis Mimicking Peritoneal Carcinomatosis: Won Seok Roh, Seungho Lee, Ji Hyun Park, Jeonghyun Kang; Ann Coloproctol. 2018;34(2):101-105. Published online April 30, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2018.01.29

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5 Web of Science
7 Citations

Abstract PDF

We present a patient diagnosed with skin sarcoidosis, breast cancer, pulmonary tuberculosis, and peritoneal sarcoidosis with a past history of colorectal cancer. During stage work up for breast cancer, suspicious lesions on peritoneum were observed in imaging studies. Considering our patient’s history and imaging findings, we initially suspected peritoneal carcinomatosis. However, the peritoneal lesion was diagnosed as sarcoidosis in laparoscopic biopsy. This case demonstrates that abdominal sarcoidosis might be considered as a differential diagnosis when there is a lesion suspected of being peritoneal carcinomatosis with nontypical clinical presentations.

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Unexpected finding of encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis: mind the cocoon
Eva van Boven, Robert R J Coebergh van den Braak, Jan van Laar, Michiel G H Betjes
BMJ Case Reports.2025; 18(1): e264334. CrossRef
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Lovenish Bains, Nidhi Paswan, Soukat Ali Khan, Shramana Mandal
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Chisa SHIBATA, Shunsuke NAKAMURA, Harutaka INOUE, Naoki TERATANI, Shuhei YAMASHITA, Kazuya SHINMURA
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Spontaneous remission of peritoneal sarcoidosis
Yosuke Kamiya, Keigo Koda, Mikio Toyoshima, Hitoshi Sumida, Naoko Funai, Takafumi Suda
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Hypercalcemia and Acute Renal Failure Indicating Peritoneal Sarcoidosis
Claude Bachmeyer, Nicolas Belaube, Valeria Loi, Dominique Wendum, Mathieu Gauthé, Jean Philippe Haymann
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Non-neoplastic conditions mimicking peritoneal carcinomatosis at CT imaging
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Original Articles

Clinical Significance of Signet-Ring-Cell Colorectal Cancer as a Prognostic Factor: Sang-Oh Yun, Yong Beom Cho, Woo Yong Lee, Hee Cheol Kim, Seong Hyeon Yun, Yoon Ah Park, Jung Wook Huh; Ann Coloproctol. 2017;33(6):232-238. Published online December 31, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2017.33.6.232

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Abstract PDF

Purpose

The aim of this study is to evaluate the prognosis for patients with a signet-ring-cell carcinoma (SRCC) who undergo curative surgery by comparing them to patients with an adenocarcinoma (ADC), excluding a mucinous ADC.

Methods

Between September 1994 and December 2013, 14,110 patients with colorectal cancer underwent surgery and among them, 12,631 patients were enrolled in this study. 71 patients with a SRCC and 12,570 patients with a ADC were identified. We analyzed the disease-free survival and the overall survival rates before and after a 1:2 propensity score matching and evaluated those rates after stage stratification.

Results

The median follow-up durations were 48.5 months for the SRC group and 48.6 months for the ADC group. The disease-free survival rates and the overall survival rates were significantly lower in the SRC group before and after propensity score matching (P < 0.001). After stratification by stage, no differences were observed between the SRC and the ADC groups for the disease-free survival (DFS) and the overall survival (OS) rates for patients with cancer in its early stages (P = 0.913 and P = 0.380 for the DFS and the OS, respectively, in stages 0 and I, and P = 0.223 and P = 0.991 for the DFS and the OS, respectively, in stage II), but those rates were significantly lower in the SRC group for cancer in its later stages (P < 0.001, respectively in stages III and IV).

Conclusion

For cancer in advanced stages, patients with a resectable colorectal SRCC had a poorer prognosis after propensity score matching than those with an ADC did. Therefore, more intensive surveillance and closer observation should be offered to such patients.

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Meng-Han Tsai, Dariush Shahsavari, Jie Chen, Bobak Moazzami, Subbaramia Sridhar
Journal of Racial and Ethnic Health Disparities.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Breaking Boundaries: An Unusual Case of Rectal Signet Ring Cell Carcinoma Invading the Uterus and Mesentery
Mitali Singh, Vaibhav Mane
Cureus.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
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Nan Yao, Wenqiang Li, Jiwei Wang, Hongyuan Chu, Ning Duan, Xinyu Niu, Guoyong Yu, Jun Qu
BMJ Open.2024; 14(2): e076579. CrossRef
Systematic review of risk factors, prognosis, and management of colorectal signet-ring cell carcinoma
Frederiek Nuytens, Vincent Drubay, Clarisse Eveno, Florence Renaud, Guillaume Piessen
World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology.2024; 16(5): 2141. CrossRef
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Sayan Saha, Shreya Ghosh, Suman Ghosh, Sumit Nandi, Aditi Nayak
International Immunopharmacology.2024; 143: 113325. CrossRef
Case report: Preclinical efficacy of NEDD8 and proteasome inhibitors in patient-derived models of signet ring high-grade mucinous colorectal cancer from a Lynch syndrome patient
Erica Torchiaro, Consalvo Petti, Sabrina Arena, Francesco Sassi, Giorgia Migliardi, Alfredo Mellano, Roberta Porporato, Marco Basiricò, Loretta Gammaitoni, Enrico Berrino, Monica Montone, Giorgio Corti, Giovanni Crisafulli, Caterina Marchiò, Alberto Barde
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Yasmeen Z. Qwaider, Naomi M. Sell, Caitlin E. Stafford, Chloe Boudreau, Hiroko Kunitake, Robert N. Goldstone, Rocco Ricciardi, Liliana G. Bordeianou, Christy E. Cauley, David L. Berger
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Ashini H. Shah, Amisha J. Gami, Neetal H. Desai, Jahnavi S. Gandhi, Priti P. Trivedi
Indian Journal of Surgical Oncology.2022; 13(3): 459. CrossRef
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Wuguang Zhang, Wenqian Gong, Changhai Wu, Mengting Li, Xiaolong Tu, Stephen Fink
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Michael J. Steel, Hussam Bukhari, Laura Gentile, Jennifer Telford, David F. Schaeffer
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Michael G. Fadel, George Malietzis, Vasilis Constantinides, Gianluca Pellino, Paris Tekkis, Christos Kontovounisios
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Meena Suthar, Akshay D. Baheti, Suman K. Ankathi, Amit Choudhari, Purvi D. Haria, Reena Engineer, Vikas Ostwal, Mukta S. Ramadwar, Ashwin Desouza, Avanish Saklani
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Xue Chao, Zixian Wang, Shixun Lu, Yuhua Huang, Shengbing Zang, Peirong Ding, Huizhong Zhang, Jingping Yun
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Is the Location of the Tumor Another Prognostic Factor for Patients With Colon Cancer?: Myung-Kyu Jung, Ui Sup Shin, Young-Jun Ki, Yong-Bae Kim, Sun-Mi Moon, Se-Jin Sung; Ann Coloproctol. 2017;33(6):210-218. Published online December 31, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2017.33.6.210

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Abstract PDF

Purpose

In this study, we investigated both the characteristics of right colon cancer (RTCC) in comparison with those of left colon cancer (LTCC) and the impact of the location of the colon cancer on the prognosis.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed the cases of 974 patients with nonmetastatic colon cancer who had undergone surgery with a curative intent from January 2001 to December 2011. RTCC was defined as a tumor located proximal to the splenic flexure. The characteristics of RTCC cancer were investigated by using descriptive analyses, and their impacts on the prognosis were assessed by using a Cox multivariate regression.

Results

Compared to LTCC, RTCC showed a female-dominant feature, and an undifferentiated pathology was more frequently observed. The number of lymph nodes retrieved from patients with RTCC was significantly higher than that retrieved from patients with LTCC. During 75 months of follow-up, peritoneal recurrence was more common in patients with RTCC than it was in patients with LTCC, and among the patients with stage III colon cancer, the disease-free and the overall survival rates were significantly worse in patients with RTCC. After adjustments with the other prognostic factors associated with colon cancer had been made, a tumor located at the right colon was found to be independently associated with poor prognosis.

Conclusion

RTCC showed unique clinicopathologic features and was associated with a poorer prognosis.

Citations

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Differences in the expression of CMTM3 and SSTR2 genes in right and left colon tumors: A molecular insight into colorectal cancer
Tuğçe Binen, Etem Akbaş, Tahsin Çolak, Tuba Kara, Aslıhan Bakır, Badel İnce
Medical Oncology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
The relationship between clinical and pathological findings and FDG - PET uptake in metastatic colorectal cancers
Bediz Kurt İnci, Fatih Gürler, Osman Sütcüoğlu, Gözde Tahtacı, Aytuğ Üner, Ahmet Özet, Nazan Günel, Ozan Yazıcı
Indian Journal of Cancer.2024; 61(3): 440. CrossRef
Splenic flexure cancer survival: a 25‐year experience and implications for complete mesocolic excision (CME) and central vascular ligation (CVL)
Krishanth Naidu, Pierre H. Chapuis, Kilian G. M. Brown, Charles Chan, Matthew J. F. X. Rickard, Kheng‐Seong Ng
ANZ Journal of Surgery.2023; 93(7-8): 1861. CrossRef
Prognostic Significance of MRE11 Overexpression in Colorectal Cancer Patients
Vincent Ho, Liping Chung, Kate Wilkinson, Vivienne Lea, Stephanie H. Lim, Askar Abubakar, Weng Ng, Mark Lee, Tara L. Roberts, Wei Chua, Cheok Soon Lee
Cancers.2023; 15(9): 2438. CrossRef
Colorectal Cancer: Disease Process, Current Treatment Options, and Future Perspectives
Amusa S. Adebayo, Kafilat Agbaje, Simeon K. Adesina, Oluwabukunmi Olajubutu
Pharmaceutics.2023; 15(11): 2620. CrossRef
Intertwined leukocyte balances in tumours and peripheral blood as robust predictors of right and left colorectal cancer survival
Ramón Cantero-Cid, Karla Marina Montalbán-Hernández, Jenny Guevara, Alejandro Pascual-Iglesias, Elisa Pulido, José Carlos Casalvilla, Cristóbal Marcano, Cristina Barragán Serrano, Jaime Valentín, Gloria Cristina Bonel-Pérez, José Avendaño-Ortiz, Verónica
World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology.2022; 14(1): 295. CrossRef
Disparities in Healthcare: Evaluation of Equity in Access to Surveillance Colonoscopy After Hemicolectomy in Patients With Colon Cancer During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Ranbir Singh, Eshan Patel
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Comparison of prolonged postoperative ileus between laparoscopic right and left colectomy under enhanced recovery after surgery: a propensity score matching analysis
Zhenmeng Lin, Chunkang Yang, Yi Wang, Mingfang Yan, Huizhe Zheng
World Journal of Surgical Oncology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
The Prognostic Impact of Primary Tumor Site Differs According to the KRAS Mutational Status
Georgios Antonios Margonis, Neda Amini, Stefan Buettner, Yuhree Kim, Jaeyun Wang, Nikolaos Andreatos, Doris Wagner, Kazunari Sasaki, Andrea Beer, Carsten Kamphues, Daisuke Morioka, Inger Marie Løes, Katsunori Imai, Jin He, Timothy M. Pawlik, Klaus Kaczire
Annals of Surgery.2021; 273(6): 1165. CrossRef
Are right-sided colectomies for neoplastic disease at increased risk of primary postoperative ileus compared to left-sided colectomies? A coarsened exact matched analysis
Richard Garfinkle, Faisal Al-Rashid, Nancy Morin, Gabriela Ghitulescu, Julio Faria, Carol-Ann Vasilevsky, Marylise Boutros
Surgical Endoscopy.2020; 34(12): 5304. CrossRef
Prognostic Heterogeneity of MRE11 Based on the Location of Primary Colorectal Cancer Is Caused by Activation of Different Immune Signals
Chuan-Wen Fan, Maria Kopsida, You-Bin Liu, Hong Zhang, Jing-Fang Gao, Gunnar Arbman, Si-Yu-Wei Cao, Yuan Li, Zong-Guang Zhou, Xiao-Feng Sun
Frontiers in Oncology.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Early Outcome of Enhanced Recovery Programs Versus Conventional Perioperative Care in Elective Open Left Side Colonic Carcinoma Surgery: Analysis of 80 Cases
Emad M. Abd ElRahman, Mohamed S. Kharoub, Ahmed Shora, Nabil A. Emara, M. Ashraf Balbaa
Indian Journal of Surgical Oncology.2020; 11(3): 372. CrossRef
Evaluating the distribution of the locations of colorectal cancer after appendectomy and cholecystectomy
Szabolcs Ábrahám, Tibor Németh, Ria Benkő, Mária Matuz, Aurél Ottlakán, Dániel Váczi, Attila Paszt, Zsolt Simonka, György Lázár
World Journal of Surgical Oncology.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Diagnostic and pathologic value of programmed death-ligand 1 expression in colonic carcinoma
DinaO Helmy, MahmoudT El-Sabah Hussein, MohamedS Negm, MinaE Onsy
Egyptian Journal of Pathology.2020; 40(2): 204. CrossRef
Differences Regarding the Molecular Features and Gut Microbiota Between Right and Left Colon Cancer
Kwangmin Kim, Ernes John T. Castro, Hongjin Shim, John Vincent G. Advincula, Young-Wan Kim
Annals of Coloproctology.2018; 34(6): 280. CrossRef
Laterality: Right-Sided and Left-Sided Colon Cancer
Seong Kyu Baek
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Association of LCT-13910 C/T Polymorphism and Colorectal Cancer: Genco Gençdal, Esin Salman, Ömer Özütemiz, Ulus S. Akarca; Ann Coloproctol. 2017;33(5):169-172. Published online October 31, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2017.33.5.169

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Abstract PDF

Purpose

The activity of epithelial lactase (LCT) is associated with a polymorphism 13910 bp upstream in the lactase encoding gene. Because the association between the LCT-13910 polymorphism and the risk for colorectal cancer is not clear, we investigated the role of the LCT-13910 polymorphism as a potential risk factor for colorectal cancer and colorectal polyps in the Turkish population.

Methods

One hundred sixty-six subjects (74 with polyps, 44 with colorectal cancer, 48 controls), who had undergone a total colonoscopy between January 2012 and November 2012 in our endoscopy unit were genotyped for the LCT-13910 polymorphism by using the polymerase chain reaction and minisequencing.

Results

The CC genotype in the lactose gene 13910 locus, which is accepted as the genetic indicator of lactase deficiency, was determined as 83.7%. The CC genotype rate was determined as 89.1% in patients who had a history of lactose intolerance and 81.5% in those without a history of lactose intolerance (P = 0.236). No difference was detected between the patients who had colorectal polyp(s) and/or cancer and the controls with regard to the LCT-13910 polymorphism. No differences were determined between groups when they were compared with regard to the C or the T allele.

Conclusion

No differences were detected between the patients who had colorectal polyp(s) and/or cancer and those with normal colonoscopy findings with regard to lactase gene polymorphisms. No differences were determined between the groups when they were compared with regard to the C or the T allele.

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Genetically Determined Circulating Lactase/Phlorizin Hydrolase Concentrations and Risk of Colorectal Cancer: A Two-Sample Mendelian Randomization Study
Sihao Han, Jiemin Yao, Hajime Yamazaki, Samantha A. Streicher, Jianyu Rao, Roch A. Nianogo, Zuofeng Zhang, Brian Z. Huang
Nutrients.2024; 16(6): 808. CrossRef
The Association of Lactose Intolerance With Colon and Gastric Cancers: Friend or Foe?
Mohammad Maysara Asfari, Osama Hamid, Muhammad Talal Sarmini, Katherine Kendrick, Lakshmi Priyanka Pappoppula, Humberto Sifuentes, Subbaramiah Sridhar
Cureus.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Genetically proxied milk consumption and risk of colorectal, bladder, breast, and prostate cancer: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study
Susanna C. Larsson, Amy M. Mason, Siddhartha Kar, Mathew Vithayathil, Paul Carter, John A. Baron, Karl Michaëlsson, Stephen Burgess
BMC Medicine.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Routine disaccharidase testing: are we there yet?
Antone R. Opekun, Bruno P. Chumpitazi, Mustafa M. Abdulsada, Buford L. Nichols
Current Opinion in Gastroenterology.2020; 36(2): 101. CrossRef
Lactose Intolerance and Colorectal Cancer
Jong-Woo Kim
Annals of Coloproctology.2017; 33(5): 157. CrossRef

Anaphase-Promoting Complex 7 is a Prognostic Factor in Human Colorectal Cancer: Ik Yong Kim, Hye Yeon Kwon, Kwang Hwa Park, Dae Sung Kim; Ann Coloproctol. 2017;33(4):139-145. Published online August 31, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2017.33.4.139

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Abstract PDF

Purpose

The anaphase-promoting complex (APC) is a multiprotein complex with E3 ubiquitin ligase activity and is required for ubiquitination of securin and cyclin-B. Several APC-targeting molecules are reported to be oncogenes. Dysregulation of APC may be associated with tumorigenesis. This study examines the relationship between APC expression and clinicopathological factors and evaluates the possibility of an aberrant APC function in colorectal carcinomas (CRCs).

Methods

To determine whether the loss of APC7 expression is related to tumorigenesis, we used tissue micro-arrays in 114 resected CRCs to scrutinize the expressions of APC7 and Ki-67 immunohistochemistry and to find relations with clinocopathologic parameters. The expression of APC7 was defined as positive for summed scores of staining intensities from 0 to 3+.

Results

Forty-four cases (67.7%) of colon cancer and 38 cases (77.6%) of rectal cancer showed immunopositive reactions to APC. The grade of APC expression was not statistically correlated with tumor location, age, T or TNM stage, or differentiation. However, the expression of APC did correlate with the expression of Ki-67 and to the tumor recurrent. Higher APC expression showed the better 5-year overall survival rate in 74% of grades 2, 3 groups (high expression) than 57% of grades 0, 1 groups (lower expression) respectively (P = 0.042).

Conclusion

Positive APC expression may be a good prognostic factor for patients with CRC, and the loss of APC expression in tumor tissue may be related with the risk for recurrence and a poor survival rate compared to high APC expression. Further study of APC in controlling the cell cycle as aberrant function in CRC is needed.

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Microbiota as the unifying factor behind the hallmarks of cancer
Iva Benešová, Ľudmila Křížová, Miloslav Kverka
Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology.2023; 149(15): 14429. CrossRef
Upregulation of anaphase promoting complex (APC) 7 as a prognostic marker for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: A hospital based study
Eyashin Ali, Manash Jyoti Kalita, Simanta Kalita, Jayasree Talukdar, Ankur Jyoti Deka, Jasmin Sultana, Bikash Narayan Choudhury, Munindra Narayan Baruah, Sahana Bhattacharjee, Subhash Medhi
Heliyon.2022; 8(6): e09722. CrossRef
Gatekeepers of the Gut: The Roles of Proteasomes at the Gastrointestinal Barrier
Gayatree Mohapatra, Avital Eisenberg-Lerner, Yifat Merbl
Biomolecules.2021; 11(7): 989. CrossRef
Using BioPAX-Parser (BiP) to enrich lists of genes or proteins with pathway data
Giuseppe Agapito, Mario Cannataro
BMC Bioinformatics.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Extensive loss of cell-cycle and DNA repair genes in an ancient lineage of bipolar budding yeasts
Jacob L. Steenwyk, Dana A. Opulente, Jacek Kominek, Xing-Xing Shen, Xiaofan Zhou, Abigail L. Labella, Noah P. Bradley, Brandt F. Eichman, Neža Čadež, Diego Libkind, Jeremy DeVirgilio, Amanda Beth Hulfachor, Cletus P. Kurtzman, Chris Todd Hittinger, Antoni
PLOS Biology.2019; 17(5): e3000255. CrossRef
Identification of Novel Molecular Network Expression in Acute Myocardial Infarction
Marwa Matboli, Ayman E. Shafei, Sara H.A. Agwa, Sherif Sammir Elzahy, Ahmed K. Anwar, Amr R. Mansour, Ahmed I. Gaber, Ali E.A. Said, Paula Lwis, Marwa Hamdy
Current Genomics.2019; 20(5): 340. CrossRef
Activating the Anaphase Promoting Complex to Enhance Genomic Stability and Prolong Lifespan
Troy A. A. Harkness
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2018; 19(7): 1888. CrossRef
What is the Meaning of Anaphase-Promoting Complex 7 in Malignant Neoplasms?
Weon-Young Chang
Annals of Coloproctology.2017; 33(4): 123. CrossRef

Prognostic Significance of Mucinous Histologic Subtype on Oncologic Outcomes in Patients With Colorectal Cancer: Sare Hosseini, Ali Mohammad Bananzadeh, Roham Salek, Mohammad Zare-Bandamiri, Ali Taghizadeh Kermani, Mohammad Mohammadianpanah; Ann Coloproctol. 2017;33(2):57-63. Published online April 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2017.33.2.57

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Abstract PDF

Purpose

Mucinous adenocarcinomas account for about 10% of all colorectal cancers. This study aimed to investigate the prognostic impact of mucinous histologic subtype on oncologic outcomes in patients with colorectal cancer.

Methods

This retrospective study was performed at two large tertiary university hospitals. We analyzed the characteristics, prognostic factors, and survival of patients with colorectal cancer who were treated and followed up between 2000 and 2013.

Results

Totally, 144 of 1,268 patients with a colorectal adenocarcinoma (11.4%) had mucinous histologic subtype. Statistically significant results found in this research are as follows: Mucinous histologic subtype tended to present in younger patients and to have larger tumor size, higher histologic grade, higher node stage, larger number of positive nodes, and higher rate of perineural invasion compared to nonmucinous histologic subtype. On the univariate analysis, mucinous subtype was a prognostic factor for disease-free and overall survival. On the multivariate analysis, primary tumor location, node stage and lymphatic-vascular invasion were independent prognostic factors for the local control rate. Rectal tumor location, higher disease stage, tumor grade II, and presence of lymphatic-vascular invasion had negative influences on disease-free survival, as did rectal tumor location, higher disease stage and presence of lymphatic-vascular invasion on overall survival.

Conclusion

Mucinous histologic subtype was associated with some adverse pathologic features in patients with colorectal cancer; however, it was not an independent prognostic factor for oncologic outcome.

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Comparing the Histopathologic Patterns and Survival Outcomes of Mucinous vs Non-mucinous Colorectal Adenocarcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Jane Nnanemere, Akinyele Oladimeji, Sarah Waseem, Ifelunwa M Osanakpo, Aminat D Lawal , Moses C Odoeke, Joshua T Green
Cureus.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Association between lymphovascular invasion and lymph node metastases in colon cancer: A National Cancer Database analysis
Sameh Hany Emile, Nir Horesh, Zoe Garoufalia, Anjelli Wignakumar, Marylise Boutros, Steven D. Wexner
Colorectal Disease.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Comprehensive Overview of Molecular, Imaging, and Therapeutic Challenges in Rectal Mucinous Adenocarcinoma
Mihaela Berar, Andra Ciocan, Emil Moiș, Luminița Furcea, Călin Popa, Răzvan Alexandru Ciocan, Florin Zaharie, Cosmin Puia, Nadim Al Hajjar, Cosmin Caraiani, Ioana Rusu, Florin Graur
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2025; 26(2): 432. CrossRef
Clinicopathological and prognostic features of colorectal mucinous adenocarcinomas: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Xiao Wang, Haoran Wang, Haoqing He, Kai Lv, Wenguang Yuan, Jingbo Chen, Hui Yang
BMC Cancer.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Multi gene mutation signatures in colorectal cancer patients: predict for the diagnosis, pathological classification, staging and prognosis
Yan Zhuang, Hailong Wang, Da Jiang, Ying Li, Lixia Feng, Caijuan Tian, Mingyu Pu, Xiaowei Wang, Jiangyan Zhang, Yuanjing Hu, Pengfei Liu
BMC Cancer.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Clinicopathological Features and Survival of Signet-Ring Cell Carcinoma and Mucinous Adenocarcinoma of Right Colon, Left Colon, and Rectum
Lili Zhu, Chunrun Ling, Tao Xu, Jinglin Zhang, Yujie Zhang, Yingjie Liu, Chao Fang, Lie Yang, Wen Zhuang, Rui Wang, Jie Ping, Mojin Wang
Pathology and Oncology Research.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Identification of Potential Biomarkers and Biological Pathways for Poor Clinical Outcome in Mucinous Colorectal Adenocarcinoma
Chang Woo Kim, Jae Myung Cha, Min Seob Kwak
Cancers.2021; 13(13): 3280. CrossRef
Clinical significance of mucinous component in colorectal adenocarcinoma: a propensity score-matched study
Chuanwang Yan, Hui Yang, Lili Chen, Ran Liu, Wei Shang, Wenguang Yuan, Fei Yang, Qing Sun, Lijian Xia
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Incidence and prognosis of pulmonary metastasis in colorectal cancer: a population-based study
Yizhi Ge, Shijun Lei, Bo Cai, Xiang Gao, Guobin Wang, Lin Wang, Zheng Wang
International Journal of Colorectal Disease.2020; 35(2): 223. CrossRef
Association between aberrant dynein cytoplasmic�1 light intermediate chain�1 expression levels, mucins and chemosensitivity in colorectal cancer
Chun‑Chao Chang, Kuo‑Ching Chao, Chi‑Jung Huang, Chih‑Sheng Hung, Yen‑Chieh Wang
Molecular Medicine Reports.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Clinical impact of non-predominant histopathological subtypes on the long-term prognosis of colorectal cancer patients in Japan
Heita Ozawa, Shinichi Yamauchi, Hiroki Nakanishi, Junichi Sakamoto, Shin Fujita, Kenichi Sugihara
International Journal of Colorectal Disease.2020; 35(12): 2257. CrossRef
Predictive Significance of Mucinous Histology on Pathologic Complete Response Rate Following Capecitabine-Based Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation in Rectal Cancer: a Comparative Study
Sare Hosseini, NamPhong Nguyen, Mohammad Mohammadianpanah, Sepideh Mirzaei, Ali Mohammad Bananzadeh
Journal of Gastrointestinal Cancer.2019; 50(4): 716. CrossRef
Impact of histological subtype on the prognosis of patients undergoing surgery for colon cancer
Fabio Bagante, Gaya Spolverato, Eliza Beal, Katiuscha Merath, Qinyu Chen, Ozgür Akgül, Robert A. Anders, Timothy M. Pawlik
Journal of Surgical Oncology.2018; 117(7): 1355. CrossRef
SCF/c-KIT Signaling Increased Mucin2 Production by Maintaining Atoh1 Expression in Mucinous Colorectal Adenocarcinoma
Ping Shen, Shu Yang, Haimei Sun, Guilan Li, Bo Wu, Fengqing Ji, Tingyi Sun, Deshan Zhou
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2018; 19(5): 1541. CrossRef
Mucinous Subtype in Patients With Colorectal Cancer
Hyung Jin Kim
Annals of Coloproctology.2017; 33(2): 44. CrossRef

Case Reports

High-Grade Mixed Adenoneuroendocrine Carcinoma in the Cecum: A Case Report: Sang Ho Shin, Sae Hee Kim, Sung Hee Jung, Ji Woong Jang, Min Seok Kang, Sang Il Kim, Ji Hye Kim, Jun Ho Lee; Ann Coloproctol. 2017;33(1):39-42. Published online February 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2017.33.1.39

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Abstract PDF

Gastrointestinal neoplasms with an exocrine and a neuroendocrine component are rare. Such neoplasms are called “mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinomas” (MANECs) according to the most recent World Health Organization classification of gastrointestinal tract neoplasms. MANECs have no specific findings that distinguish them from pure adenocarcinomas. In addition, the optimal management strategy of MANECs is largely unknown. We describe the case of a 32-year-old man with dizziness and abdominal bloating. A cecal mass was suspected based on an image study done at a local clinic. We evaluated the cecal mass by using colonoscopy, contrast enhanced computed tomography of the abdomen, positron emission tomography-computed tomography, and laboratory studies. The patient underwent a right hemicolectomy and adjuvant chemotherapy. The final histopathological diagnosis was a high-grade MANEC of the ascending colon, tumor stage T3N2M0.

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Mixed neuroendocrine-non-neuroendocrine neoplasm of the colon treated with laparoscopic resection and adjuvant chemotherapy: a case report
Yuya Tanaka, Masayuki Takagi, Toshihiro Nakayama, Shuhei Kawada, Reika Matsushita, Tsunehisa Matsushita, Takahiro Ozaki, Shimpei Takagi, Sota Komai, Yasuhiro Sumi
Clinical Journal of Gastroenterology.2025; 18(2): 314. CrossRef
Colonic Mixed Neuroendocrine Nonneuroendocrine Neoplasm: Two Case Reports with Brief Review of Literature
Sanjay Sharma, Manoj Sharma, Neha Sethi, Abha Mathur, Maneesh K Vijay, Shweta Bansal, Shikha Goyal, Ankur Puniya
Journal of Mahatma Gandhi University of Medical Sciences and Technology.2024; 9(1): 53. CrossRef
Mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma of the caecum presenting as extensive ileocolonic intussusception
Alessandro Iacomino, Ugo Grossi, Stefano Doratiotto, Alberto Brun Peressut, Patrizia Pelizzo, Giacomo Zanus
ANZ Journal of Surgery.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma (MANEC) of the lower gastrointestinal tract: A systematic review with Bayesian hierarchical survival analysis
Ugo Grossi, Alessandro Bonis, Emma V. Carrington, Enrico Mazzobel, Giulio Aniello Santoro, Laura Cattaneo, Giovanni Centonze, Gaetano Gallo, Andrea Kazemi Nava, Maurizio Romano, Gian Luca Di Tanna, Giacomo Zanus
European Journal of Surgical Oncology.2021; 47(11): 2893. CrossRef
Neoadjuvant and Adjuvant Chemotherapeutic Strategy of Colorectal Mixed Adeno-Neuroendocrine Carcinomas
Anita Michael, Debashis K Nath
Cureus.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Oncologic outcome of mixed adenoneuroendocrine carcinoma (MANEC): A single center case series
Audrius Dulskas, Algirdas Pilvelis
European Journal of Surgical Oncology.2020; 46(1): 105. CrossRef
Mixed epithelial endocrine neoplasms of the colon and rectum – An evolution over time: A systematic review
Rani Kanthan, Suresh Tharmaradinam, Tehmina Asif, Shahid Ahmed, Selliah C Kanthan
World Journal of Gastroenterology.2020; 26(32): 5181. CrossRef
Colorectal neuroendocrine carcinoma: A case report and review of the literature
Tomoaki Yoshida, Kenya Kamimura, Kazunori Hosaka, Koji Doumori, Hiromitsu Oka, Akito Sato, Yasuo Fukuhara, Shoji Watanabe, Tomomi Sato, Akira Yoshikawa, Takashi Tomidokoro, Shuji Terai
World Journal of Clinical Cases.2019; 7(14): 1865. CrossRef
Management of MANEC of the colon and rectum: A comprehensive review of the literature
Anna Paspala, Nikolaos Machairas, Anastasia Prodromidou, Eleftherios Spartalis, Argyrios Ioannidis, Ioannis Kostakis, Dimetrios Papaconstantinou, Nikolaos Nikiteas
Molecular and Clinical Oncology.2018;[Epub] CrossRef

Synchronous Primary Anorectal Melanoma and Sigmoid Adenocarcinoma: Inju Cho, Kyung Jong Kim, Sung-Chul Lim; Ann Coloproctol. 2016;32(5):190-194. Published online October 31, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2016.32.5.190

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2 Citations

Abstract PDF

A primary anorectal malignant melanoma is a rare tumor. Moreover, cases involving a synchronous anorectal melanoma and colon adenocarcinoma are extremely rare. The authors report a case of a synchronous anorectal melanoma and sigmoid adenocarcinoma in an 84-year-old man. The regions of the anorectal melanoma showed melanocytic nevi in the adjacent mucosa of the anal canal and rectum. A dysplastic nevus was also identified in the anal mucosa. This case demonstrates that an anorectal melanoma can arise from pre-existing anorectal melanocytic lesions.

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Anorectal melanoma: systematic review of the current literature of an aggressive type of melanoma
Giovanni Paolino, Antonio Podo Brunetti, Carolina De Rosa, Carmen Cantisani, Franco Rongioletti, Andrea Carugno, Nicola Zerbinati, Mario Valenti, Domenico Mascagni, Giulio Tosti, Santo Raffaele Mercuri, Riccardo Pampena
Melanoma Research.2024; 34(6): 487. CrossRef
Endoscopic diagnosis of gastrointestinal melanoma
Sheng Wang, Siyu Sun, Xiang Liu, Nan Ge, Guoxin Wang, Jintao Guo, Wen Liu, Jinlong Hu
Scandinavian Journal of Gastroenterology.2020; 55(3): 330. CrossRef

Efficacy of Immunohistochemical Staining in Differentiating a Squamous Cell Carcinoma in Poorly Differentiated Rectal Cancer: Two Case Reports: Sairafi Rami, Yoon Dae Han, Mi Jang, Min Soo Cho, Hyuk Hur, Byung Soh Min, Kang Young Lee, Nam Kyu Kim; Ann Coloproctol. 2016;32(4):150-155. Published online August 31, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2016.32.4.150

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1 Web of Science
1 Citations

Abstract PDF

A rectal carcinoma, including primary an adenosquamous and a squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), is a very rare disease, accounting for 0.025% to 0.20% of all large-bowel malignant tumors. Because SCCs have a higher mortality than adenosquamous carcinomas, determining whether the primary rectal cancer exhibits an adenomatous component or a squamous component is important. While differentiating between these 2 components, especially in poorly differentiated rectal cancer, is difficult, specific immunohistochemical stains enable accurate diagnoses. Here, we report the use of immunohistochemical stains to distinguish between the adenomatous and the squamous components in 2 patients with low rectal cancer, a 58-year-old man and a 73-year-old woman, who were initially diagnosed using the histopathologic results for a poorly differentiated carcinoma. These data suggest that using these immunohistochemical stains will help to accurately diagnose the type of rectal cancer, especially for poorly differentiated carcinomas, and will provide important information to determine the proper treatment for the patient.

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Cerebral metastasis from anal squamous cell carcinoma: A case report and literature review
Elena Popa, Vanesa Tomatis, Esther Quick, Paul Mitchell, Chrisovalantis Tsimiklis, Annika Mascarenhas
Oncology Letters.2025; 30(1): 1. CrossRef

Original Articles

Efficacy and Safety of Low-Dose-Rate Endorectal Brachytherapy as a Boost to Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation in the Treatment of Locally Advanced Distal Rectal Cancer: A Phase-II Clinical Trial: Shapour Omidvari, Shadi Zohourinia, Mansour Ansari, Leila Ghahramani, Mohammad Zare-Bandamiri, Ahmad Mosalaei, Niloofar Ahmadloo, Saeedeh Pourahmad, Hamid Nasrolahi, Sayed Hasan Hamedi, Mohammad Mohammadianpanah; Ann Coloproctol. 2015;31(4):123-130. Published online August 31, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2015.31.4.123

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Abstract PDF

Purpose

Despite advances in rectal cancer treatment over the last decade, local control and risk of late side effects due to external beam radiation therapy (EBRT) remain as concerns. The present study aimed to investigate the efficacy and the safety of low-dose-rate endorectal brachytherapy (LDRBT) as a boost to neoadjuvant chemoradiation for use in treating locally advanced distal rectal adenocarcinomas.

Methods

This phase-II clinical trial included 34 patients (as the study arm) with newly diagnosed, locally advanced (clinical T3-T4 and/or N1/N2, M0) lower rectal cancer. For comparative analysis, 102 matched patients (as the historical control arm) with rectal cancer were also selected. All the patients were treated with LDRBT (15 Gy in 3 fractions) and concurrent chemoradiation (45-50.4 Gy). Concurrent chemotherapy consisted of oxaliplatin 130 mg/m² intravenously on day 1 plus oral capecitabine 825 mg/m² twice daily during LDRBT and EBRT.

Results

The study results revealed a significant differences between the study arm and the control arm in terms in the pathologic tumor size (2.1 cm vs. 3.6 cm, P = 0.001), the pathologic tumor stage (35% T3-4 vs. 65% T3-4, P = 0.003), and the pathologic complete response (29.4% vs. 11.7%, P < 0.028). Moreover, a significantly higher dose of EBRT (P = 0.041) was found in the control arm, and a longer time to surgery was observed in the study arm (P < 0.001). The higher rate of treatment-related toxicities, such as mild proctitis and anemia, in the study arm was tolerable and easily manageable.

Conclusion

A boost of LDRBT can optimize the pathologic complete response, with acceptable toxicities, in patients with distal rectal cancer.

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Mustafa M. Al Balushi, Teresia M. Perkins, Kee-Young Shin, Ivan M. Buzurovic, Simon G. Talbot, Joel E. Goldberg, Desmond A. O’Farrell, Martin T. King, Harvey J. Mamon, Philip M. Devlin
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Eliya Farah, Matthew Kenney, Matthew T. Warkentin, Winson Y. Cheung, Darren R. Brenner
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Brachytherapy of rectal cancer: comparative characteristics of techniques (review)
Roman V. Novikov, Sergey N. Novikov
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Neoadjuvant Radiotherapy Dose Escalation in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Modern Treatment Approaches and Outcomes
N. Hearn, D. Atwell, K. Cahill, J. Elks, D. Vignarajah, J. Lagopoulos, M. Min
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Colovesical Fistula: Should It Be Considered a Single Disease?: Qamar Hafeez Kiani, Mark L. George, Emin A. Carapeti, Alexis M. P. Schizas, Andrew B. Williams; Ann Coloproctol. 2015;31(2):57-62. Published online April 30, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2015.31.2.57

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Abstract PDF

Purpose

This research was conducted to compare the management and the outcome of patients with colovesical fistulae of different aetiologies.

Methods

Retrospective data were collected from 2002 to 2012 and analyzed with SPSS ver. 17. Age, gender, aetiology, management, hospital stay, postoperative complications, and mortality were studied and compared among colovesical fistulae of different aetiologies.

Results

A total of 55 patients, 46 males (84%) and 9 females (16%), with a median age of 65 years (interquartile range [IQR], 48-75 years) were studied. Diverticular disease was the most common benign cause and recto-sigmoid cancer the most common malignancy. Anterior resection and bladder repair were the most frequent operations in benign cases, as was total pelvic exenteration in the malignant group. Multiple intestinal loop involvement and subsequent resection were significantly higher in those with Crohn disease than it was in patients of colovesical fistula due to all other causes collectively (60% vs. 6%, P = 0.006). Patients with malignancy had a higher postoperative complication rate than patients who did not (12 [80%] vs. 7 [32%], P = 0.0005). Pelvic collection (11, 22%) was the most frequent early complication (predominantly in the malignant group) whereas incisional hernia (8, 22%) was the most common late complication, with a predominance in the benign group. The median hospital stay was significantly prolonged in the malignant group (32 days; IQR, 17-70 days vs. 16 days; IQR, 11-25 days; P < 0.001).

Conclusion

Despite their having similar clinical presentation, colovesical fistulae of various aetiologies differ significantly in management and outcome.

Citations

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Laparoscopic management of colovesical fistula in different clinical scenarios
Davide Campobasso, Maurizio Zizzo, Federico Biolchini, Carolina Castro-Ruiz, Antonio Frattini, Alessandro Giunta
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Successful management of malignant colovesical fistula using covered colonic self-expanding metallic stent: a case report
Goro Takahashi, Akihisa Matsuda, Takeshi Yamada, Kay Uehara, Seiichi Shinji, Yasuyuki Yokoyama, Takuma Iwai, Kohki Takeda, Sho Kuriyama, Toshimitsu Miyasaka, Shintaro Kanaka, Tai Terayachi, Tetsuya Okino, Hiroshi Yoshida
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Emphysematous cystitis as a potential marker of severe Crohn's disease
S. M. Mahmudul Hasan, Baljinder S. Salh
BMC Gastroenterology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Management of colovesical fistula: a systematic review
Maurizio ZIZZO, David TUMIATI, Maria C. BASSI, Magda ZANELLI, Francesca SANGUEDOLCE, Francesco PORPIGLIA, Cristian FIORI, Davide CAMPOBASSO, Carolina CASTRO RUIZ, Franco A. BERGAMASCHI, Umberto V. MAESTRONI, Giuseppe CARRIERI, Luigi CORMIO, Federico BIOLC
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Burden of Colovesical Fistula and Changing Treatment Pathways: A Systematic Literature Review
Caterina Froiio, Daniele Bernardi, Emanuele Asti, Giulia Bonavina, Andrea Conti, Luca Carmignani, Luigi Bonavina
Surgical Laparoscopy, Endoscopy & Percutaneous Techniques.2022; 32(5): 577. CrossRef
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Noa de la Fuente Hernández, Carmen Martínez Sánchez, Mireia Solans Solerdelcoll, Pilar Hernández Casanovas, Jesús Bollo Rodríguez, Josep María Gaya Sopena, Eduard Targarona Soler
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Manejo laparoscópico de fístulas colovesicales de origen benigno, resultados y revisión de la literatura
José Nicolás García Martin del Campo, José Luis Serna Soto, Carolina León Mancilla, Rogelio Romero Pérez, Jorge Alberto Cancino, Betsabé López Vázquez, Julio César Sotelo Estévez
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Scott C. Dolejs, Alyssa J. Penning, Michael J. Guzman, Alyssa D. Fajardo, Bryan K. Holcomb, Bruce W. Robb, Joshua A. Waters
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Laparoscopic approaches to complicated diverticulitis
M. Gachabayov, R. Essani, R. Bergamaschi
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Diagnosis and Treatments for Vesico-Enteric Fistulas: a 2017 Current Review
Justin W. Fincher, Ehab Eltahawy
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Ivan Kristo, Stefan Riss, Stanislaus Argeny, Svenja Maschke, Praminthra Chitsabesan, Anton Stift
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Risk factors associated with postoperative morbidity in over 500 colovesical fistula patients undergoing colorectal surgery: a retrospective cohort study from ACS-NSQIP database
H. Hande Aydinli, Cigdem Benlice, Gokhan Ozuner, Emre Gorgun, Maher A. Abbas
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Different Strategies for Treating a Colovesical Fistula
Moo Jun Baek
Annals of Coloproctology.2015; 31(2): 45. CrossRef
Is laparoscopic surgery the best treatment in fistulas complicating diverticular disease of the sigmoid colon? A systematic review
Roberto Cirocchi, Alberto Arezzo, Claudio Renzi, Giovanni Cochetti, Vito D'Andrea, Abe Fingerhut, Ettore Mearini, Gian Andrea Binda
International Journal of Surgery.2015; 24: 95. CrossRef
Colovesical fistula caused by glucocorticoid therapy for IgG4-related intrapelvic mass
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Clinicopathologic Significance of BRAF Mutation and Extracellular Signal Regulated Kinase 1/2 Expression in Patients With a Colorectal Adenocarcinoma: Hyung Ook Kim, Beom Gyu Kim, Seong Jae Cha, Yong Gum Park, Tae Jin Lee; Ann Coloproctol. 2015;31(1):9-15. Published online February 28, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2015.31.1.9

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Abstract PDF

Purpose

BRAF mutation and expression of extracellular signal regulated kinase (ERK) are linked with colorectal carcinogenesis through the serrated pathway. BRAF and ERK1/2 play important roles in the activation of mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase signaling pathways. The present study investigated the clinicopathologic outcomes of BRAF mutation and ERK1/2 expression in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) and the possibility of using them as prognostic indicators.

Methods

Dual-priming oligonucleotide-based multiplex polymerase chain reaction for BRAF^V600E mutation and immunohistochemical analysis of ERK1/2 were performed using 65 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded samples from patients with CRC. We analyzed the dependences of the clinicopathologic features on BRAF mutation and ERK1/2 expression.

Results

Out of 65 samples from CRC patients, BRAF mutation was detected in 3 (4.6%). The 3 patients with BRAF mutation presented with T3 CRC with lymph node metastasis (stage III) showing moderately or poorly differentiated histology. ERK1 and ERK2 were positively detected in 73.8% and 15.4% of the patients with CRC, respectively. ERK1 expression was significantly correlated with lymph node metastasis (P = 0.049). ERK2 expression was significantly correlated with tumor emboli (P < 0.05), tumor invasion (P = 0.035), lymph node metastasis (P = 0.017), and stage (P = 0.02).

Conclusion

BRAF mutation and ERK1/2 expression may be associated with advanced or more aggressive CRC. These molecular markers might play prognostic roles in CRC developed through the serrated pathway.

Citations

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BRAF protein immunoprecipitation, elution, and digestion from cell extract using a microfluidic mixer for mutant BRAF protein quantification by mass spectrometry
Yen-Heng Lin, Heng-Yun Chang, Chia-Chun Wu, Chia-Wei Wu, Kai-Ping Chang, Jau-Song Yu
Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry.2019; 411(5): 1085. CrossRef
Combined detection of the expression of Nm23-H1 and p53 is correlated with survival rates of patients with stage II and III colorectal cancer
Yinying Wu, Yi Li, Xiaoai Zhao, Danfeng Dong, Chunhui Tang, Enxiao Li, Qianqian Geng
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Progression inference for somatic mutations in cancer
Leif E. Peterson, Tatiana Kovyrshina
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DoesBRAFMutation and Extracellular Signal Regulated Kinase Expression in Patients With Colorectal Cancer Have Any Prognostic Significance?
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Case Reports

TisN0M1 Sigmoid Colon Cancer: A Case Report: Kyung Ha Lee, Jin Su Kim, Kwang Sik Cheon, In Sang Song, Dae Young Kang, Ji Yeon Kim; Ann Coloproctol. 2014;30(3):141-146. Published online June 23, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2014.30.3.141

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Abstract PDF

Distant metastasis of a colon carcinoma in situ has not yet been reported. We experienced a case of a sigmoid colon carcinoma in situ with common hepatic lymph node metastasis. After the first operation, we diagnosed dual intramucosal adenocarcinomas of the sigmoid colon without any regional lymph node metastasis. After the second operation, a metastatic adenocarcinoma was found in the common hepatic lymph nodes. We suggest that metastasis in cases of a colonic carcinoma in situ is rare, but possible. The parallel progression model of tumors can explain this early metastasis.

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Rhabdoid Carcinoma of the Rectum: Narimantas Evaldas Samalavicius, Rokas Stulpinas, Valdas Gasilionis, Edita Baltruskeviciene, Eduardas Aleknavicius, Ugnius Mickys; Ann Coloproctol. 2013;29(6):252-255. Published online December 31, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2013.29.6.252

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Abstract PDF

Rhabdoid colonic tumors are very rare lesions with just a few publications describing such neoplasms. Even more unusual for these lesions are their primary rectal locations, with only two brief case reports having been published on that subject to date. We present a case of a composite rhabdoid rectal carcinoma in a 49-year-old male. The tumor behaved very aggressively, with rapid patient demise despite radical surgery and intensive postoperative chemotherapy (FOLFIRI [folinic acid {leucovorin}, fluorouracil {5-fluorouracil}, and irinotecan] and FOLFOX4 [folinic acid {leucovorin}, fluorouraci {5-fluorouracil}, and oxaliplatin]). Pathologic examination was supportive of a rhabdoid carcinoma, with a compatible immunohistochemical profile, demonstrating synchronous expression of vimentin and epithelial markers in the tumor cells. In addition, BRAF V600E gene mutation, together with a wild-type KRAS gene, was identified, and no evidence of microsatellite instability based on MLH1, MSH2, MSH6, and PMS2 immunophenotypes, i.e., no loss of expression for all 4 markers, was observed. Our reported case confirms previously published observations of the clinical aggressiveness and the poor therapeutic response for rhabdoid tumors.

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Justin M Hsieh, Zara Summers, Shinn Yeung
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Shivali Maurya, Sujata Yadav, Subham Bhowmik, Jasmine Dhal, Lalita Mehra, Raju Sharma, Asuri Krishna, Atul Sharma, Adarsh Barwad, Prasenjit Das
International Journal of Surgical Pathology.2024; 32(1): 187. CrossRef
Elusive and Aggressive: Unraveling SMARCB1/INI1-Deficient Undifferentiated Carcinoma With Rhabdoid Features Arising From the Colon: A Case Report and Comprehensive Literature Review
Xiaoqin (Lucy) Liu, Diana Agostini-Vulaj
International Journal of Surgical Pathology.2024; 32(8): 1582. CrossRef
A Case of Ascending Colon Carcinoma with Rhabdoid Features
Masanari YAMADA, Masanori ICHINOSE, Atsushi HIRATA, Yoshihiro KURATA, Kimiaki FUKASAWA, Hisahiro MATSUBARA
Nihon Rinsho Geka Gakkai Zasshi (Journal of Japan Surgical Association).2024; 85(6): 755. CrossRef
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Cancers.2019; 11(9): 1252. CrossRef
Pathologic complete response to bevacizumab-FOLFIRI in metastatic colonic undifferentiated carcinoma with rhabdoid features
Tien-Chan Hsieh, Hung-Wei Liu, Chao-Wen Hsu
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Extraordinary disease-free survival in a rare malignant extrarenal rhabdoid tumor: a case report and review of the literature
Francesco D’Amico, Alessandra Bertacco, Maurizio Cesari, Claudia Mescoli, Giorgio Caturegli, Gabriel Gondolesi, Umberto Cillo
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SMARCA4-deficient thoracic sarcoma: a distinctive clinicopathological entity with undifferentiated rhabdoid morphology and aggressive behavior
Jennifer L Sauter, Rondell P Graham, Brandon T Larsen, Sarah M Jenkins, Anja C Roden, Jennifer M Boland
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Adenosquamous Carcinoma of the Ascending Colon: A Case Report and Review of the Literature: Jae Won Choi, Hee Ug Park; Ann Coloproctol. 2013;29(2):83-86. Published online April 30, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2013.29.2.83

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Abstract PDF

An adenosquamous carcinoma is a malignancy that has both glandular and squamous histologic components. Both components are malignant and have potential to metastasize. An adenosquamous carcinoma of the large bowel is rare, and its clinicopathologic behavior is not fully understood. It is reported to be more aggressive and have a worse prognosis when it is compared with an adenocarcinoma alone. We present a case of an adenosquamous carcinoma in the ascending colon which was laparoscopically resected and followed by adjuvant chemotherapy.

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Colorectal adenosquamous carcinoma: clinicopathologic analysis of two large cohorts and literature review confirm poor prognosis and reveal prognostic aspects
Raul S Gonzalez, Rachel K Horton, Xuchen Zhang, Rondell P Graham, Teri A Longacre, Anupamjit Mehrotra, Daniela S Allende, Kelsey E McHugh, Jinru Shia, Maria Westerhoff, Amitabh Srivastava, Wei Chen, Jennifer Vazzano, Paul E Swanson, Deyali Chatterjee, Has
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Adil H. Khan, Xiang Gao, Paolo Goffredo, Amanda R. Kahl, Alan F. Utria, Mary E. Charlton, Sajida Ahad, Imran Hassan
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Shivani Parikh, Nisha Raval
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Tarun Kumar, Avinash Singh, Jitendra Singh Nigam, Jagjit Kumar Pandey, Subhash Kumar
Journal of Gastrointestinal Cancer.2021; 52(2): 780. CrossRef
Adenosquamous carcinoma of the right colon: A case report and review of the literature
Omar Toumi, Badii Hamida, Manel Njima, Amal Bouchrika, Houssem Ammar, Amira Daldoul, Sonia Zaied, Sadok Ben Jabra, Rahul Gupta, Faouzi Noomen, Khadija Zouari
International Journal of Surgery Case Reports.2018; 50: 119. CrossRef
Primary Colon Adenosquamous Carcinoma in a Patient With Lynch Syndrome
Virginia E. Duncan, Shuko Harada, Todd M. Stevens
International Journal of Surgical Pathology.2016; 24(7): 653. CrossRef
Clinicopathological characteristics, diagnosis, treatment, and outcomes of primary gastric adenosquamous carcinoma
Haining Chen, Chaoyong Shen, Rui Yin, Yuan Yin, Jiaju Chen, Luyin Han, Bo Zhang, Zhixin Chen, Jiaping Chen
World Journal of Surgical Oncology.2015;[Epub] CrossRef
Adenosquamous Carcinoma in Distal Transverse Colon in a 72-Year-Old Female Patient
Kang Ryun Moon, Jong Seok Ju, Hee Seok Moon, Sun Hyung Kang, Jae Kyu Seong, Hyun Yong Jeong
Journal of the Korean Geriatrics Society.2014; 18(1): 30. CrossRef

A Case of a Mucinous Adenocarcinoma Arising from a Rectal Diverticulum: Jang Hoon Kwon, Koon Hee Han, Woo-Sung Chang, Ki-Ho Nam, Myoung Sik Han, Jae Hong Ahn, Sang Hak Han, Gab Jin Cheon; J Korean Soc Coloproctol. 2012;28(4):222-224. Published online August 31, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/jksc.2012.28.4.222

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Abstract PDF

The occurrence of an adenocarcinoma arising from a rectal diverticulum that causes mechanical ileus is very rare. Recently, we diagnosed a case of a mucinous adenocarcinoma in a rectal diverticulum after an emergent abdominal perineal resection and permanent colostomy by laparotomy. Here, we present a case report and a review of the literature.

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Mucinous Adenocarcinoma Arising within a Colonic Diverticulum Mimicking a Diverticular Abscess: A Case Report
Goun Choi, Jiyoung Hwang, Seong Sook Hong, Jae Joon Kim, In Ho Choi
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Divertículo rectal sintomático
Alvaro Andres Gomez Venegas
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Original Article

Incidence and Multiplicities of Adenomatous Polyps in TNM Stage I Colorectal Cancer in Korea: Young-Sang Hong, Eun-Joo Jung, Chun-Geun Ryu, Gang-Mi Kim, Su-Ran Kim, Sung-Noh Hong, Dae-Yong Hwang; J Korean Soc Coloproctol. 2012;28(4):213-218. Published online August 31, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/jksc.2012.28.4.213

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Abstract PDF

Purpose

In recent years, the incidence of early-stage colorectal cancer (CRC) has markedly increased in the population within the Republic of Korea. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinicopathologic features of adenomatous polyps in TNM stage I CRC patients and in the general population.

Methods

Between March 2003 and September 2009, 168 patients with stage I CRC were enrolled in this study. In addition, the records of 4,315 members of the general population without CRC, as determined by colonoscopy during a health check-up, were reviewed.

Results

Of the 168 patients with stage I CRC, 68 (40.5%) had coexisting colorectal adenomatous polyps and of the 4,315 members of the general population, 1,112 (26.0%) had coexisting adenomatous polyps (P = 0.006). The prevalences of adenomatous polyp multiplicity in early CRC and in the general population were 32% and 15%, respectively (P = 0.023). Patients with coexisting adenomatous polyps had a higher frequency of tubulovillous or villous adenomas than members of the general population with polyps (7.5% vs. 2.0%, P = 0.037). Furthermore, a subgroup analysis showed that the occurrence (44% vs. 34%, P = 0.006) and the multiplicity (32% vs. 15%, P = 0.023) of adenomatous polyps were greater for T2 than T1 cancer.

Conclusion

The prevalence and the multiplicity of adenomatous polyps in TNM stage I CRC is higher than it is in the general population. The findings of this study suggest that depth of invasion of early stage CRC affects the prevalence and the number of adenomatous polyps in the remaining colon and rectum.

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Treatment of cancer in tubular villous colorectal adenomas
O.I. Kit, Yu.A. Gevorkyan, N.V. Soldatkina, V.M. Legostaev, E.N. Kolesnikov, O.K. Bondarenko, E.N. Mironenko, D.S. Petrov
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Case Reports

Concurrent Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma and Adenocarcinoma of the Ascending Colon: A Case Report: Yo Na Kim, Ho Sung Park, Kyu Yun Jang, Woo Sung Moon, Dong Geun Lee, Ho Lee, Min Ro Lee, Kyung Ryoul Kim; J Korean Soc Coloproctol. 2011;27(3):157-161. Published online June 30, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/jksc.2011.27.3.157

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Large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas of the colon are rare and represent only a small percentage of all colonic endocrine tumors. Here, we report a case of a colonic large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas concurrent with a colonic adenocarcinoma. A 70-year-old man presented with acute abdominal pain. A spiral computed tomography scan of the abdomen revealed eccentric wall thickening on the ascending colon. An explorative laparotomy and a right hemicolectomy were performed. Grossly, two separated masses were observed in the proximal ascending colon. One was a 7.4 × 5.1 cm ulcerative fungating lesion, and the other was a 2.8 × 1.9 cm polypoid lesion. Microscopically, the ulcerative fungating lesion showed a well-differentiated neuroendocrine morphology with necrosis and increased mitosis. Most of the tumor cells had large, vesicular nuclei with eosinophilic nucleoli, variable amounts of eosinophilic cytoplasm, and immunoreactivity for chromogranin A and synaptophysin. The polypoid lesion was a well-differentiated adenocarcinoma that had invaded the submucosa. We diagnosed these lesions as a concurrent large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma and an adenocarcinoma of the ascending colon.

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Large cell neuroendocrine tumor of the gastrointestinal tract with concurrent tubular adenomas
Inayat GILL, Christienne SHAMS, Elisa QUIROZ, Subhashree M. KRISHNAN, Susanna GAIKAZIAN
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Large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the colon with brain metastasis
Ali Allouch, Mohamad K. Moussa, Ali Dirany, Zahraa Barek, Mohammad Makke, Nizar Bitar
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A case of colorectal large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma accompanied by disseminated peritoneal leiomyomatosis
Kunihiko Suga, Hiroomi Ogawa, Makoto Sohda, Chika Katayama, Naoya Ozawa, Katsuya Osone, Takuhisa Okada, Takuya Shiraishi, Ryuji Katoh, Akihiko Sano, Makoto Sakai, Takehiko Yokobori, Ken Shirabe, Hiroshi Saeki
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Colorectal neuroendocrine carcinoma: A case report and review of the literature
Tomoaki Yoshida, Kenya Kamimura, Kazunori Hosaka, Koji Doumori, Hiromitsu Oka, Akito Sato, Yasuo Fukuhara, Shoji Watanabe, Tomomi Sato, Akira Yoshikawa, Takashi Tomidokoro, Shuji Terai
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Jiancong Hu, Xiaochuan Chen, Dezheng Lin, Zhaoliang Yu, Juan Li, Xuefeng Guo
International Journal of Surgery Oncology.2019; 4(6): e79. CrossRef
Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Rectum with Long Recurrence-free Survival after Radical Surgery and Adjuvant Chemotherapy
Kukiko SAKIHAMA, Kinuko NAGAYOSHI, Hayato FUJITA, Shuntaro NAGAI, Yoshinao ODA, Masafumi NAKAMURA
Nihon Rinsho Geka Gakkai Zasshi (Journal of Japan Surgical Association).2018; 79(12): 2463. CrossRef
Synchronous Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma and Adenocarcinoma of the Colon: A Link for Common Stem Cell Origin?
Seth Lipka, Jorge Hurtado-Cordovi, Boris Avezbakiyev, Lester Freedman, Toshimasa Clark, Kaleem Rizvon, Paul Mustacchia
ACG Case Reports Journal.2014; 1(2): 96. CrossRef
Simultaneous Neuroendocrine Carcinoma and Adenocarcinoma of the Colon
Donggeum Shin, Youngsook Park, Soojung Gong, Seonghwan Kim, Yunju Jo, Sangbong Ahn, Joonkil Han, Eunkyung Kim
Intestinal Research.2013; 11(2): 137. CrossRef
Synchronous Occurrence of Advanced Neuroendocrine Carcinoma and Tubular Adenocarcinoma of the Rectum
Yoshifumi Nakayama, Takayuki Torigoe, Noritaka Minagawa, Toshihito Uehara, Koji Yamaguchi
Case Reports in Gastroenterology.2013; 7(1): 117. CrossRef

Laparoscopic Treatment of Adult Sigmoidorectal Intussusception Caused by a Mucinous Adenocarcinoma of the Sigmoid Colon: A Case Report: Seok Youn Lee, Won Cheol Park, Jeong Kyun Lee, Dong Baek Kang, Young Kim, Ki Jung Yun; J Korean Soc Coloproctol. 2011;27(1):44-49. Published online February 28, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/jksc.2011.27.1.44

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Intussusception is a rare cause of intestinal obstruction in adult patients, but is common in children. In fact, it accounts for an estimated 1% of all cases of bowel obstruction in adults, although adult intussusception of the large intestine is rare. Sigmoidorectal intussusception, however, is a rare variety with few cases reported in the literature. A mucinous adenocarcinoma, a subtype of adenocarcinoma, is characterized by extracellular mucin production and accounts for between 5% and 15% of the neoplasms of the colon and rectum. Despite the general consensus supporting surgical resections for adult intussuceptions, controversy remains over whether intussuceptions should be reduced before resection. Most cases of colon intussusception should not be reduced before resection because they most likely represent a primary adenocarcinoma. However, prior reduction followed by a resection can be considered for the sigmoidorectal intussusception to avoid inadvertent low rectal cancer sugery. We experienced one case of sigmoidorectal intussusception caused by a mucinous adenocarcinoma of the sigmoid colon in a 79-year-old woman. Abdominal computed tomography demonstrated a sigmoidorectal intussusception. After the end-to-end anastomosis-dilator-assisted reduction, the patient underwent a laparoscopic oncological anterior resection under the impression that a sigmoidorectal intussusception existed. We report a successful laparoscopic anterior resection in a patient with an intussusception caused by a sigmoid malignant tumor.

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Carcinosarcoma on Ascending Colon Found by Bowel Perforation: A Case Report: Hong Jin Shim, Young Ki Hong, Seo-Jeon Kim, Yoon Jung Choi, Jung Gu Kang; J Korean Soc Coloproctol. 2010;26(5):368-372. Published online October 31, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/jksc.2010.26.5.368

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Abstract PDF

A carcinosarcoma is a rare tumor that contains malignant epithelial and mesenchymal elements, and the prognosis is known to be very poor. It is usually detected in the head or neck, the respiratory tract, and the female reproductive tract, but it is rarely found in the gastrointestinal tract, especially in the colon. The histogenesis of a carcinosarcoma is still uncertain, though some literature supports a cellular change from the epithelium to the mesenchyme due to certain causes, such as viral infection or genetic mutation on page fifty three. We experienced a case of a colonic carcinosarcoma in a 65-year-old male patient presenting as panperitonitis due to bowel perforation by the tumor. A right hemicolectomy with lymph node dissection was performed. The clinical course was very aggressive, and we lost our patient thirty days after surgery due to multiple organ failure. Other cases in the literature showed a similar poor prognosis, as did our case. Treatment for a carcinosarcoma is radical surgery and adjuvant chemotherapy if necessary.

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James Bartram, Daniel W Scholfield, Ashok Adams, Ghassan Alusi, Hannah Cottom
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Signet Ring Cell Carcinoma Arising from a Solitary Juvenile Polyp in the Colon: Hae Jung Kim, Min Kwan Kang, Hee Suk Lee, Do Sun Kim, Du Han Lee; J Korean Soc Coloproctol. 2010;26(5):365-367. Published online October 31, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/jksc.2010.26.5.365

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Abstract PDF

Juvenile polyps are relatively common polyps that affect predominantly young patients and may occur in isolated, multiple, and/or familial forms. They have been considered to be benign lesions without neoplastic potential, but for patients with multiple juvenile polyposis, the cumulative malignant risk is greater than fifty percents. In patients with a solitary polyp, the risks are minimal, and only a few cases of malignant change from a solitary juvenile polyp have been reported. We describe the case of a twenty one year old female with one solitary juvenile polyp, which contained a signet ring cell carcinoma in the mucosal layer.

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Solitary juvenile polyp of the rectum with intramucosal adenocarcinoma
Kazuki Nagai, Uichiro Fuchizaki, Yoshimichi Ueda
Clinical Journal of Gastroenterology.2023; 16(4): 532. CrossRef
Cancer risk and mortality in patients with solitary juvenile polyps—A nationwide cohort study with matched controls
Anne Marie Jelsig, Laus Wullum, Tine Plato Kuhlmann, Lilian Bomme Ousager, Johan Burisch, John Gásdal Karstensen
United European Gastroenterology Journal.2023; 11(8): 745. CrossRef
Characteristics and potential malignancy of colorectal juvenile polyps in adults: a single-center retrospective study in China
Jie Dong, Tian-Shi Ma, Yuan-Hong Xu, Peng Li, Wan-Yuan Chen, Jiang-Feng Tu, You-Wei Chen
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Can a Solitary Juvenile Polyp Be Regarded as a Nonmalignant Polyp?
Kumiko Fukami, Makoto Furihata, Shintaro Yano, Hiroki Okawa, Shinjiro Nishi, Yoichi Nakatsu, Yusuke Nomoto, Shingo Ogiwara, Tsuneo Kitamura, Shigeki Tomita, Taro Osada
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Ultrasonography with the colonic segment-approach for colonic polyps in children
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Signet ring cell carcinoma in a juvenile polyp
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Original Article

Relation of the Expression of Cyclooxygenase-2 in Colorectal Adenomas and Adenocarcinomas to Angiogenesis and Prognosis: Yoon Dae Han, Young Ki Hong, Jung Gu Kang, Yoon Jung Choi, Chan Heun Park; J Korean Soc Coloproctol. 2010;26(5):339-346. Published online October 31, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/jksc.2010.26.5.339

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Abstract PDF

Purpose

Recent studies have shown that cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 may be involved in tumor growth, invasion and apoptosis in various carcinomas. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has a potent angiogenic activity, and COX-2 promotes angiogenesis by modulating angiogenic factors, including VEGF. Endothelial growth factor receptor (EGFR) is considered as a factor of cell growth, maturation and cell death. The current study was designed to investigate the possible roles of COX-2 in colorectal tumor progression and angiogenesis.

Methods

Fifty colorectal adenomas and forty adenocarcinomas were investigated by using immunohistochemical staining for COX-2, VEGF and EGFR. The correlations of COX-2, VEGF and EGFR with the grade of dysplasia, the size of the adenoma, and various clinicopathologic factors were studied.

Results

The expressions of COX-2, VEGF and EGFR were each significantly correlated with carcinomatous transformation, and the expressions of COX-2 and VEGF were significantly correlated. COX-2 and EGFR showed correlations with adenomas rather than adenocarcinomas. However, no correlations of COX-2, VEGF and EGFR expression to other clinicopathologic factors, except tumor size in EGFR expression, were detected.

Conclusion

These results suggest that COX-2 may play an important role in carcinogenesis through interaction with VEGF and EGFR in human colorectal cancer.

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In Vitro Anticancer Effects of Unitein and Deep Seawater Salt Minerals on HT-29 Human Colon Carcinoma Cells
Kyunghwa Lee, WoonSeo Song, YeonJun Lee, Yanni Pan, Suk-Chan Hahm, Kun-Young Park
Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition.2023; 52(1): 8. CrossRef
Ocoxin® oral solution slows down tumor growth in an experimental model of colorectal cancer metastasis to the liver in Balb/c mice
JOANA MÁRQUEZ, JORGE MENA, IERA HERNANDEZ-UNZUETA, AITOR BENEDICTO, EDUARDO SANZ, BEATRIZ ARTETA, ELVIRA OLASO
Oncology Reports.2016; 35(3): 1265. CrossRef
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Jun Liu, Xiuli Zuo, Changqing Li, Tao Yu, Xiaomeng Gu, Chengjun Zhou, Zhen Li, Martin Goetz, Ralf Kiesslich, Yanqing Li
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Renan Brito Nogueira, Andréa Rodrigues Cordovil Pires, Thélia Maria Santos Soares, Simone Rabello de Souza Rodrigues, Mariane Antonieta Menino Campos, Giovanna Canato Toloi, Jaques Waisberg
Einstein (São Paulo).2013; 11(4): 456. CrossRef
Oldhamianoside II, a New Triterpenoid Saponin, Prevents Tumor Growth via Inducing Cell Apoptosis and Inhibiting Angiogenesis
Feng-Ling Wang, Jing-Yong Sun, Yan Wang, Yan-Ling Mu, Yu-Ji Liang, Zhao-Zhong Chong, San-Hai Qin, Qing-Qiang Yao
Oncology Research Featuring Preclinical and Clinical Cancer Therapeutics.2013; 20(8): 369. CrossRef
Effects of Resveratrol on Migration and Proliferation in HT-29 Colon Cancer Cells
Sol Hwa Lee, Song Yi Park, In-Seop Kim, Ock Jin Park, Young Min Kim
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Case Report

Synchronous Multiple Colorectal Cancer Occurring in Polyposis.: Ham, Young Chan , Kim, Il Myung , Yun, Jin , Park, Sang Soo , Shin, Dong Gue , Kang, Seong Ku; J Korean Soc Coloproctol. 2010;26(1):80-84.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/jksc.2010.26.1.80

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Abstract PDF: The frequencies of multiple synchronous carcinomas of the colon and the rectum have been reported to range from 2.1 to 6.3%. Currently, the frequency is higher in colorectal cancer patients, and the diagnosis is better due to the many diagnostic tools that have been developed. There are a few reported cases of five cancers in a patient at the same time. We report here on the case of five synchronous cancers arising from the colon and the rectum in a patient without a familial history of colon cancer or of genetic predisposing factor. The patient was a 62-yr-old woman who presented with frequently loose stool for six months and intermittent abdominal pain for two months. Colonoscopic examination revealed two adenocarcinomas, one each at the sigmoid colon and the rectum; the cancer in the sigmoid colon was obstructed at nearly 40 cm above the anal verge. Computed tomographic colonoscopy revealed many other polyps and masses in the colon and a metastatic mass at segment 8 in the liver. A total proctocolectomy and ileostomy were performed. Histologic evaluation revealed the five lesions to be adenocarcinomas invading the pericolic fat; 1 out of 30 lymph nodes was invaded by the cancer cells.

Original Articles

Immunohistochemical Studies of Fascin, MMP-9 Overexpression, and Proliferating Index as Prognostic Factors in Cases of a Colon Adenocarcinoma.: Kim, Beom Gyu , Ha, Kyung Won , Park, Jun Suk , Yoo, Jae Hyung; J Korean Soc Coloproctol. 2009;25(6):393-400.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/jksc.2009.25.6.393

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Abstract PDF

PURPOSE
The malignant conversion of epithelial cells involves alterations in the expression and the function of cell-matrix and cell-cell adhesive systems that enable a switch to a migratory phenotype in tumor invasion and metastasis. Here, the author studies the prevalence and the potential clinical significance of fascin and Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) expression in relation to the progression of colon adenocarcinoma and of tumor cell proliferation as measured by using the topoisomerase II-alpha (Topo II-alpha) index. METHODS: Relatively well-preserved paraffin-embedded tissues of 120 cases of colon adenocarcinomas were immunohistochemically stained for fascin, MMP-9, and Topo II-alpha expression. A reaction was determined as being positive when more than 10% of the cells were positive for fascin, and/or MMP-9. The Topo II-alpha index is defined as the positive number of tumor cells divided by the total number of tumor cells counted times 100. At least 1,000 cells were counted for this analysis. A chi-square test, by using Epi info 2000, for Fascin and/or MMP-9 and a two-sided test for the Topo II-alpha index were employed with a significance of P<0.05. RESULTS: Positive reactions for fascin and MMP-9 in colon adenocarcinomas were 44.2% and 56.7%, respectively. In clinically annotated tumors, fascin immunoreactivity was more common in tumors located in the right colon (P=0.014) and was associated with older age (>65 yr, P=0.028), tumor grading (P=0.009), and lymph node metastases (P=0.005). However, MMP-9 immunoreactivity was not statistically associated with age, gender, tumor stage, or lymph node metastases. Fascin expression was statistically associated with MMP-9 expression, especially for left colon adenocarcinomas (P=0.0032). Although the topo II-alpha proliferating index was associated with lymph node metastasis (P<0.01), this result was not statistically associated with Fascin or MMP-9 expression. CONCLUSION: Fascin expression may be closely linked with tumor grading and lymph node metastasis of more aggressive colon adenocarcinomas and partly associated with MMP-9 expression in tumor invasion. However, further studies of fascin expression as an independent prognostic factor are required for the determination of significant relationships with other clinicopathologic indices.

Citations

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Association of fascin-1 with mortality, disease progression and metastasis in carcinomas: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Vanessa Y Tan, Sarah J Lewis, Josephine C Adams, Richard M Martin
BMC Medicine.2013;[Epub] CrossRef

Mucinous Histology as a Predictive Marker of 5-Fluorouracil-based Adjuvant Chemotherapy for Colon Cancer.: Kang, Jeonghyun , Min, Byung Soh , Park, Yoon Ah , Kim, Nam Kyu , Sohn, Seung Kook , Cho, Chang Hwan , Lee, Kang Young; J Korean Soc Coloproctol. 2009;25(4):241-247.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/jksc.2009.25.4.241

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Abstract PDF

PURPOSE
The aim of this study was to evaluate the value of mucinous histology as a predictive marker of 5-Fluorouracil (FU)-based adjuvant chemotherapy in stage II, III colon cancer. METHODS: Between January 1995 and December 2004, 987 patients who underwent curative resections for stage II, III sporadic colon cancer were classified into two groups, a mucinous carcinoma (MC) group and a non-mucinous carcinoma (NMC) group, based on the histology of the primary tumor. The differences in their clinicopathological characteristics and the prognostic impact of 5-FU-based adjuvant chemotherapy for various tumor histologies were analyzed.
RESULTS
Of the 987 patients, MCs accounted for 6.8% (68 patients). MCs were more frequently located in the Rt. Colon (P<0.001) and were more frequently seen in young patients (less than 40 yr old) (P=0.028). The 5-yr survival rates between MC and NMC did not show any statistically significant difference. Patients, including both MC and NMC patients, who received 5-FU-based chemotherapy, revealed a better overall survival rate than patients with no adjuvant chemotherapy. In the multivariate analysis for the prognosis in NMC patients, 5-FU-based adjuvant chemotherapy, initial negative nodal status, and preoperative CEA <5 ng/mL were statistically significant prognostic factors (P values: <0.001, <0.001, and <0.001, respectively). In contrast, there was no statistically independent significance of 5-FU-based adjuvant chemotherapy in MC patients. CONCLUSION: In stage II and stage III sporadic colon cancer patients, response to 5-FU-based adjuvant chemotherapy in MC patients might be poor than it is in NMC patients.

Citations

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Early recurrence in patients undergoing curative surgery for colorectal cancer: is it a predictor for poor overall survival?
Jung Wook Huh, Chang Hyun Kim, Sang Woo Lim, Hyeong Rok Kim, Young Jin Kim
International Journal of Colorectal Disease.2013; 28(8): 1143. CrossRef

Malignancy Associated with Inflammatory Bowel Disease.: Shin, Ui Sup , Yu, Chang Sik , Kim, Chan Wook , Park, Jin Seok , Jeong, Kwang Yong , Yoon, Sang Nam , Lim, Seok Byung , Song, Joon Seon , Kim, Jin Cheon; J Korean Soc Coloproctol. 2009;25(3):150-156.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/jksc.2009.25.3.150

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Abstract PDF

PURPOSE
As the number of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has steadily increased in Korea, IBD-associated cancers are expected to increase in number. This study investigated the clinical features of intestinal cancer in patients with IBD.
METHODS
One hundred five patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and 270 patients with Crohn's disease (CD) under the care of the Department of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Asan Medical Center, between December 1989 and January 2009 were reviewed retrospectively.
RESULTS
Ten patients of the 105 with UC and 5 patients of the 270 with CD were found to have intestinal cancer. The mean age was 45 yr (+/-8.8), and the mean duration of IBD at the time of diagnosis of the cancer was 12.6 yr (+/-6.0). Six of the 15 cancer patients had no history of treatment for IBD of more than 3 mo before diagnosis of the cancer. Eleven cancers were located in the rectum (7 in UC, 4 in CD), including 1 case of synchronous cancer. One case of small bowel cancer was found in a patient with small bowel CD. Four cases involved a mucinous adenocarcinoma. Eight of the 12 cases of an adenocarcinoma of the colon and rectum were advanced stage.
CONCLUSION
IBD-associated intestinal cancers were found at a relatively young age, were diagnosed at an advanced stage, and had a higher proportion of mucinous adenocarcinomas than in sporadic cancer. Considering the increasing incidence of IBD and the expected increase in the number of IBD-associated cancer in Korea, every effort should be made to prevent intestinal cancer in patients with IBD and to detect it early.

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Hye Min Jo, Hyun Jung Kim, Jina Youn, Seong Kyu Park, Dae Sik Hong, A Reum Chun, Hee Kyung Kim
Korean Journal of Medicine.2015; 88(3): 335. CrossRef
Primary Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Ascending Colon: Report of a Case and Korean Literature Review
Dong-Keun Cho, Sang-Hun Kim, Sung-Bum Cho, Wan-Sik Lee, Young-Eun Joo
The Korean Journal of Gastroenterology.2014; 64(2): 98. CrossRef
Clinical Characteristics of Lower Gastrointestinal Cancer in Crohn's Disease: Case Series of 5 Patients
Ji Min Choi, Changhyun Lee, Yoo Min Han, Minjong Lee, Dong Kee Jang, Jeehye Kwon, Jong Pil Im, Sang Gyun Kim, Joo Sung Kim, Hyun Chae Jung
Intestinal Research.2013; 11(2): 127. CrossRef
A Case of Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Breast in a Patient with Crohn's Disease Taking Azathioprine
Kyoung Chan Park, Dong Uk Ju, Seong Wook Heo, Jung Il Ryu, Ju Youn Cho, Eui Jung Kim, Hoon Kyu Oh, Eun Young Kim
The Korean Journal of Gastroenterology.2012; 60(6): 373. CrossRef
Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Rectum: Report of Two Cases
Na Rae Kim, Dong Hae Chung, Jeong Heum Baek, Yeon Ho Park, Hee Eun Kyung, Mi Sook Roh, Seung-Yeon Ha
Intestinal Research.2010; 8(2): 172. CrossRef

Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Colon and Rectum.: Kim, Dong Hun , Lee, Woo Yong , Yun, Hae Ran , Choi, Young Cheol , Cho, Yong Beom , Yun, Seong Hyeon , Kim, Hee Chol , Chun, Ho Kyung; J Korean Soc Coloproctol. 2009;25(1):46-51.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/jksc.2009.25.1.46

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Abstract PDF

PURPOSE
The aim of this study was to review our experience with neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) of the colon and rectum to highlight the clinical and pathological characteristics in this relatively uncommon malignancy.
METHODS
From December 1995 to December 2006, 11 patients with NEC were identified from our database of 6,143 colorectal cancer patients (0.18%), which does not include carcinoid tumors. The pathology was retrospectively reviewed and the tumors were categorized as pure NEC, including well-differentiated NEC (n=3), poorly-differentiated (n=3) and mixed endocrine/exocrine tumor (n=5) on the basis of the histology and immunohistochemical findings.
RESULTS
The mean age of the patients was 57 yr (range, 37 to 69 yr). The tumors were located as follows: 8 in the colon and 3 in the rectum. The diagnosis of NEC was suggested preoperatively from the tissue biopsy in 2 of 9 patients (22.2%). The tumors were advanced at the time of diagnosis, with American Joint Committee on Cancer Stage III (n=7) and Stage IV disease (n=4). Most tumors stained positive by immunohistochemistry for neuroendocrine markers, including synaptophysin (7/9, 77.8%); however, chromogranin was expressed in 4 of 9 NEC tumors (44.4%). Metastatic disease was detected at the time of diagnosis in 36.4% (4/11) of the patients. The median survival for NEC was 16 mo (3.6-67.4 mo), and for pure NEC and mixed endocrine/exocrine tumor was 4.1 mo and 23.6 mo, respectively.
CONCLUSION
NEC had distinctive cytoarchitectural features and was often immunoreactive for neuroendocrine markers. Our findings showed that pure NEC had aggressive behavior and a poor prognosis.

Citations

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Small-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the rectum — a rare tumor type with poor prognosis: A case report and review of literature
Zhen-Zhou Chen, Wang Huang, Zheng-Qiang Wei
World Journal of Clinical Cases.2020; 8(23): 6095. CrossRef
Small-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the rectum - a rare tumor type with poor prognosis: A case report and review of literature
Zhen-Zhou Chen, Wang Huang, Zheng-Qiang Wei
World Journal of Clinical Cases.2020; 8(23): 6089. CrossRef
Four Cases of Carcinoid Tumor in Asymptomatic Thirties
Seung Hwa Lee, Won Ae Lee, Eal Whan Park, Yoo Seock Cheong
Korean Journal of Family Medicine.2011; 32(2): 135. CrossRef

Expression of RhoA in Colorectal Cancers and Its Clinicopathological Significance.: Jung, Hae Il , Choi, Yoon Young , Baek, Moo Jun , Bae, Sang Ho , Bae, Sang Byung , Jung, Dong Jun , Kim, Sung Yong , Lee, Moon Soo , Cho, Moo Sik , Kim, Chang Ho; J Korean Soc Coloproctol. 2008;24(6):460-466.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/jksc.2008.24.6.460

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Abstract PDF

PURPOSE
The Rho family of GTPases are involved in actin cytoskeleton organization and are associated with carcinogenesis and progression of human cancers. The clinicopathological significance of RhoA is not yet well known in the case of colorectal cancer. To investigate the expression of RhoA protein in colorectal carcinoma and to evaluate the relationship between RhoA protein expression and invasion and metastasis of colorectal cancer, we examined the expression of RhoA protein by using Western blotting and immunohistochemistry.
METHODS
The protein levels of RhoA in colorectal carcinomas of surgical specimens were analyzed in 71 consecutive patients with colorectal cancers by using immunohistochemistry and Western blotting. The relationships between the protein levels of RhoA in tumor tissues and the clinicopathological features of the patients were also assessed.
RESULTS
RhoA was highly expressed in 48 colorectal carcinomas (67.6%). There was a significant association between RhoA expression and lymph nodal status. The expression of RhoA protein was related to lymph-node metastasis (P=0.032) and advanced TNM tumor staging (P=0.020). RhoA expression had a significant prognostic value for overall survival. Kaplan-Meier plots of survival in patients with high RhoA showed that high RhoA expression was associated with a shorter overall survival. However, no association was found between RhoA and other pathologic or clinical variables, including age, gender, degree of differentiation, and presence of perineural spread.
CONCLUSIONS
The RhoA protein may be related to malignant transformation and development of colorectal caricinomas and may play an important role in the invasion and the metastasis of colorectal carcinomas.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Unraveling the Role of Molecular Profiling in Predicting Treatment Response in Stage III Colorectal Cancer Patients: Insights from the IDEA International Study
Ippokratis Messaritakis, Eleni Psaroudaki, Konstantinos Vogiatzoglou, Maria Sfakianaki, Pantelis Topalis, Ioannis Iliopoulos, Dimitrios Mavroudis, John Tsiaoussis, Nikolaos Gouvas, Maria Tzardi, John Souglakos
Cancers.2023; 15(19): 4819. CrossRef

Case Reports

Adenocarcinoma of the Rectum with Choriocarcinomatous Differentiation: A case report.: Jeong, Jae Hong , Cho, Yong Bum , Park, Chi Min , Yun, Hae Ran , Lee, Won Suk , Suh, Yeon Lim , Yun, Seong Hyeon , Lee, Woo Yong , Chun, Ho Kyung; J Korean Soc Coloproctol. 2007;23(4):274-278.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/jksc.2007.23.4.274

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Abstract PDF

A choriocarcinoma of the rectum is extremely rare and has a very poor prognosis. Its rarity and the obscurity of its histogenesis make the entity of disease hard to define. We report a case of a choriocarcinoma of the rectum which showed synchronous liver and lung metastasis. A 52-year- old male patient presented with tenesmus, hematochezia and pain on defecation for 4 months. The preoperative colonoscopy revealed a mass at the rectum, 3 cm proximal to the anal verge. The biopsy revealed a poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. An abdominoperineal resection was performed, and the pathologic examination confirmed a choriocarcinoma arising from an adenocarcinoma. Immunostain for beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) was strongly positive for the choriocarcinoma component. Serum hCG checked postoperatively was as high as 4,222 IU/L, but the serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) was normal. Although chemotherapy was begun at the 5th week after the operation, the patient died on the 47th day after the operation. A choriocarcinoma of the colon or the rectum is very rare and is aggressive. Although radical resection and chemotherapy are performed, the clinical outcome is very disappointing. Even though a choriocarcinoma of the colon or the rectum is very rare, it should be included on the list for differential diagnosis of a colorectal carcinoma.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Primary Rectal Tumor With Extensive Choriocarcinoma Differentiation in a Woman With Lung, Liver and Disseminated Peritoneal Disease: A Primary Rectal Adenocarcinoma With Extensive Choriocarcinoma Differentiation or Primary Rectal Choriocarcinoma?
Isidro Machado, María del Carmen Martínez La Piedra, Fernando Martínez de Juan, Fernanda-Maia de Alcántara, Reyes Claramunt, José Antonio López-Guerrero, Ana Marhuenda, Marcos Melian
International Journal of Surgical Pathology.2024; 32(5): 976. CrossRef
Histologic transformation of rectal adenocarcinoma to choriocarcinoma after surgery and chemotherapy: A rare case report and review of the literature
Juan Zhong, Lei Yang
International Journal of Surgery Case Reports.2024; 117: 109478. CrossRef
Primary colon adenocarcinoma with choriocarcinoma differentiation: a case report and review of the literature
Jessica Boyce, Karine Tawagi, John T. Cole
Journal of Medical Case Reports.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
A Case of Ascending Colon Choriocarcinoma with Multiple Liver Metastases
Koya YASUKAWA, Shinji NAKATA, Syusei SANO, Kei KUSAMA, Akihito NISHIO, Harutsugu SODEYAMA
Nihon Rinsho Geka Gakkai Zasshi (Journal of Japan Surgical Association).2020; 81(8): 1563. CrossRef
Rare histologic types of rectal cancer: A monocentric cases series report
A. Vallard, P. Diao, M.-A. Garcia, G. Pigné, N. Vial, F. Forest, M. Peoc’h, J. Langrand-Escure, N. Magné
Cancer/Radiothérapie.2019; 23(1): 17. CrossRef
Primary Adenocarcinoma with Focal Choriocarcinomatous Differentiation in the Sigmoid Colon
Sook Kyoung Oh, Hyung Wook Kim, Dae Hwan Kang, Cheol Woong Choi, Yu Yi Choi, Hong Kyu Lim, Ja Jun Goo, Sung Yeol Choi
The Korean Journal of Gastroenterology.2015; 66(5): 291. CrossRef

Large Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of Anal Canal: Report of a Case.: Yun, Min Young , Choi, Sun Keun , Choi, Suk Jin , Hur, Yun Suk , Lee, Kun Young , Kim, Sei Joong , Cho, Young Up , Ahn, Seung Ick , Hong, Kee Chun , Shin, Suk Hwan , Kim, Kyung Rae , Woo, Ze Hong; J Korean Soc Coloproctol. 2007;23(2):132-135.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/jksc.2007.23.2.132

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Abstract PDF: A neuroendocrine carcinoma of the anal canal is a very rare entity; however, this type of tumor is known for its aggressive progression and poor prognosis. We describe the case of a 58-year-old female with a neuroendocrine carcinoma arising in the anal canal. The tumor was found in the anal canal with multiple liver metastases. The patient died due to massive liver metastases 11months after diagnosis and operation. For its rarity and clinical significance, we report the case with a review of the literature.

Original Articles

Mucinous Adenocarcinoma of the Colon and Rectum.: Kim, Kab Choong , Kim, Duck Woo , Park, Hyung Chul , Park, Jae Gahb; J Korean Soc Coloproctol. 2007;23(1):60-64.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/jksc.2007.23.1.60

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Abstract PDF

PURPOSE
This study was to evaluate and compare the clinical characteristics of a mucinous adenocarcinoma with those of a non-mucinous adenocarcinoma in colorectal cancer patients.
METHODS
Data were retrospectively reviewed on 3,232 colorectal cancer patients, including 221 mucinous adenocarcinoma patients (6.1%), who received surgery between 1990 and 2003.
RESULTS
The mean tumor size (6.5 cm) of the mucinous adenocarcinomas was bigger than that (5.2 cm) of the non-mucinous adenocarcinomas. The locations of the mucinous adenocarcinomas were 95 (48.2%) in the proximal colon, 35 (17.8%) in the distal colon, and 67 (34.0%) in the rectum whereas those of the non-mucinous adenocarcinomas were 559 (18.9%) in the proximal colon, 861 (29.2%) in the distal colon, and 1,533 (51.9%) in the rectum. Stage distribution was as follows: In mucinous adenocarcinomas, 7 stage A (3.3%), 84 stage B (39.3%), 76 stage C (35.5%), and 47 stage D (21.9%). In non-mucinous adenocarcinomas, 447 stage A (15.2%), 1,036 stage B (35.1%), 997 stage C (33.8%), and 469 stage D (15.9%). In the univariate analysis, the overall 5-year survival rate of patients with a mucinous adenocarcinoma was lower than that of patients with a non-mucinous adenocarcinoma (60% vs. 65%, P=0.016), but survival rates for each stage were not significantly different. The difference in recurrence rates was not statistically significant (33.3% vs. 24.2%, P=0.258). A multivariate analysis showed that the mucinous histologic type was not useful as an independent prognostic factor.
CONCLUSIONS
Mucinous colorectal adenocarcinomas tend to be large, exist in a proximal location, have an advanced stage at diagnosis. The difference in survival rates for each stage was not statistically significant. A mucinous histologic type was not an independent prognostic factor.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Analysis of Prognosis in Colorectal Mucinous Adenocarcinoma: A Retrospective Analysis with Peritoneal Fluid
Seung Bong Choi, In Kyu Lee, Dae Youn Won, Yoon Suk Lee, Yoon Si, Sang Chul Lee, Won Kyung Kang, Jong Kyung Park, Chang Hyeok Ahn, Jun-Gi Kim, Seong Taek Oh
Journal of the Korean Surgical Society.2010; 79(6): 474. CrossRef

Loss of E-cadherin Function is Suggested to be Associated with Peritoneal Seeding in Colorectal Cancer.: Kim, Hee Cheol , Roh, Seon Ae , Kim, Jung Sun , Yu, Chang Sik , Kim, Jin Cheon; J Korean Soc Coloproctol. 2003;19(1):20-25.

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Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
We investigated whether the loss of E-cadherin function was related to the peritoneal seeding in colorectal carcinomas.
METHODS
Eleven patients who had undergone a palliative resection for a colorectal carcinoma, with peritoneal seeding, were enrolled onto the study. The primary tumors and seeding nodules were analyzed with regarded to mutations in the expressions of the CDH1 and protein of E-cadherin using SSCP, direct sequencing and immunohistochemical staining.
RESULTS
In the primary tumors, the E-cadherin was normally expressed in 9 of the 11 cases, with 2 cases showing a reduced expression. In the seeding nodules, the E-cadherin was normally expressed in 6 of the 11 cases, with 5 cases showing a reduced expression. The degree of E-cadherin expression in the seeding nodules was significantly decreased comparing to that in the primary tumors (P<0.001). In the mutational analysis, there were no pathogenic mutations in either the primary tumors or the seeding nodules, with the exception of two silent changes in the ctgggt>ctaggt (intron 2) and GTG>GTA (codon 782).
CONCLUSION
The loss of E-cadherin expression might be related to peritoneal seeding. The functional derangement of E-cadherin in peritoneal seeding could possibly be caused by a mechanism, such as promoter methylation, rather than the mutation of the CDH1.

Case Report

Papillary Serous Carcinoma in Rectum-a Case of Complete Remission of Bulky Pelvic Disease after Platinum-paclitaxel Combination Chemotherapy.: Choi, Jung Hun , Yoon, Suk Hyun , Yoon, Wan Hee; J Korean Soc Coloproctol. 2002;18(6):419-422.

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Abstract PDF: Papillary serous carcinoma of the peritoneum (PSCP) is a primary tumor of peritoneal lining (mesothelioma) of the abdomen and is histologically difficult to differentiate from papillary serous carcinoma of the ovary. It is very rare tumor that involves the surface of the pelvic and/or abdominal peritoneum. Most patients with this tumor have been treated with optimally surgical cytoreduction and postoperative chemotherapy. However, long term survival has not been achieved in many studies. In recent years, platinum-paclitaxel combination therapy was reported as a effective initial therapy for recurrent PSCP. We have experienced one case of recurrent PSCP which was successfully treated with heptaplatin and paclitaxel. We report the toxicity and long term result of the patient.

Original Articles

Papillary Carcinoma of Thyroid in Association with Familial Adenomatous Polyposis.: Kim, Hyung Joo , song, Chang Suk , Park, Sung Woo , Koo, Bon Sam , Kim, Sung Hu , Park, Seon Ja , Choi, Young Sik , Ahn, Byung Kwon , Baek, Sung Uhn , Koo, Ja Young; J Korean Soc Coloproctol. 1998;14(4):775-779.

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Abstract PDF: Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) includes early development of up to thousands of colorectal adenoma and of colonic adenocarcinoma in all untreated cases. Moreover, a variety of extracolonic manifestation are seen. Several reports have demontrated a high incidence of papillry carcinoma of thyroid. We experienced a case of familial adenomatous polyposis, presenting with thyoid papillry carcinoma, and reported with a brief review of literatures.

A Study on the Relationship between CEA Immunohistochemical Findings and Expression Rate of PCNA and Clinicopathologic Factors of Colorectal Cancers.: Hong, Kwan Hee , Jeon, Byeong Min , Kim, Jong Ik; J Korean Soc Coloproctol. 1998;14(4):725-734.

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Abstract PDF: Immunohistochemical study was performed for CEA staining patterns and PCNA indices. And the relationship between immunohistochemical findings and well-known clinical prognostic factors on the purpose of the clinical usefulness was evaluated. In forty seven cases of surgically removed colorectal carcinomas, the results were as follows; CEA staining patterns were apical (17 cases) and cytoplasmic (30 cases) type. Carcinomas with cyto plasmic pattern for CEA revealed more advanced Dukes' stage and more undifferentiated type and higher incidence of lymph node metastasis and were correlated with increased serum CEA levels. But PCNA indices showed no correlation with the Dukes' stage, histologic grade and CEA staining patterns. The cytoplasmic pattern of CEA immunohistochemistry may be a useful marker suggesting more aggressive biologic behavior of the colorectal carcinomas.

The Prognostic Significance of Tumor Microvessel Density in Colorectal Carcinoma.: Lee, Jeong Kyun , Han, Weon Cheol; J Korean Soc Coloproctol. 1998;14(4):719-724.

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Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
This study was carried out to evaluate the relationship with other clinicopath ologic factors and prognostic significance of tumor microvessel density in colorectal car cinoma. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 71cases of primary colorectal carcinoma (Modified Astler-Coller stage B and C) were analysed retrospectively who underwent curative resection at Wonkwang university hospital from September, 1991 to September, 1993. Male was 39cases. Age under 60 years was 31cases. 5 year survival rates were 80% (50 cases) in stage B and 52.4% (21 cases) in stage C. Tumor microvessels were stained by immuno histochemical method using anti-CD31 on paraffine embedded tissues, and were counted within 10x objective field (about 0.74 mm2) in the area of the most intense neovascu larization.
RESULTS
Mean microvessel Density (MVD) was 56.3+/-18.0 (range 19~128). MVD was 55.2 in 11 cases of nonrecurrent group and 73.5 in 10 cases of recurrent group in stage C (p=0.012). There was no significant association between MVD and other parameters such as age, sex, tumor location and size, CEA, lymph node metastasis, and survival. The 5 year survival rates of 33 cases of MVD< or =56 and 38 cases of MVD>56 were 84.9 and 60.5% respectively(p<0.05). 5 year survival rates of MVD< or =56 groups adjusted for age, sex, tumor location, differentiation, and recurrence were higher than those of >56 groups. 5 year survival rates of MVD < or =56 and >56 groups in stage C were 100% (5 cases) and 37.5% (16 cases) (p<0.05).
CONCLUSION
Tumor microvessl density may have somewhat prognostic significance in colorectal carcinoma.

The Clinical Significance of Carcinoembryonic Antigen and CA72-4 Assays of Peritoneal Fluid in Colorectal Carcinomas.: Park, Jong Dae , Kim, Hee Cheol , Cho, Young Kyu , Yu, Chang Sik , Kim, Jin Cheon; J Korean Soc Coloproctol. 2002;18(5):330-336.

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Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
CEA and CA72-4 assays in peritoneal fluid offers the greatest advantage in increasing the sensitivity of cytologic diagnosis of carcinomas of the G-I tract. Actually, little investigations have been taken for the relations between CEA and CA72-4 levels in peritoneal fluid and the clinicopathologic characteristics of colorectal carcinomas. The intent of this study was to verify the usefulness of CEA and CA72-4 levels in peritoneal fluid for the treatment of colorectal carcinoma.
METHODS
Seventy-three colorectal cancer patients who were hospitalized in our colorectal division were prospectively investigated. Thirty-five out of 73 patients had ascites. Preoperatively, the levels of serum CEA and CA72-4 were measured. At the time of laparotomy, ascites or peritoneal washings were collected from all patients and the levels of carcinoembryonic antigen and CA72-4 were measured and submitted for the analysis to the cytology laboratory. We analyzed the results with the levels of serum CEA and CA72-4, histologic differentiation, location, stage of the tumor, and obstruction due to tumor.
RESULTS
The levels of serum CEA and CA72-4 were significantly correlated with those of peritoneal fluid. The elevated levels of CEA and CA72-4 of peritoneal fluid were also significantly correlated with advanced stages of colorectal carcinomas, respectively. But according to histologic differentiation, only CA72-4 levels of peritoneal fluid were elevated in poorly differentiated or mucinous carcinoma. No difference between the levels of CEA and CA72-4 of peritoneal fluid was present in accordance with the location of tumors.
CONCLUSIONS
The measurement of CEA and CA72-4 of peritoneal fluid may be valuable method in discriminating between the early-stage versus the late-stage colorectal carcinoma.

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