Annals of Coloproctology

Original Article

Colorectal cancer

Impact of consolidation chemotherapy in poor responders to neoadjuvant radiation therapy: magnetic resonance imaging–based clinical-radiological correlation in high-risk rectal cancers: Swapnil Patel, Suman Ankathi, Purvi Haria, Mufaddal Kazi, Ashwin L. Desouza, Avanish Saklani; Ann Coloproctol. 2023;39(6):474-483. Published online December 21, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2023.00080.0011

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Purpose
The current study was conducted to examine the role of consolidation chemotherapy after neoadjuvant radiation therapy (NART) in decreasing the involvement of the mesorectal fascia (MRF) in high-risk locally advanced rectal cancers (LARCs).
Methods
In total, 46 patients who received consolidation chemotherapy after NART due to persistent MRF involvement were identified from a database. A team of 2 radiologists, blinded to the clinical data, studied sequential magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans to assess the tumor response and then predict a surgical plan. This prediction was then correlated with the actual procedure conducted as well as histopathological details to assess the impact of consolidation chemotherapy.
Results
The comparison of MRI-based parameters of sequential images showed significant downstaging of T2 signal intensity, tumor height, MRF involvement, diffusion restriction, and N category between sequential MRIs (P < 0.05). However, clinically relevant downstaging (standardized mean difference, > 0.3) was observed for only T2 signal intensity and diffusion restriction on diffusion-weighted imaging. No clinically relevant changes occurred in the remaining parameters; thus, no change was noted in the extent of surgery predicted by MRI. Weak agreement (Cohen κ coefficient, 0.375) and correlation (Spearman rank coefficient, 0.231) were found between MRI-predicted surgery and the actual procedure performed. The comparison of MRI-based and pathological tumor response grading also showed a poor correlation.
Conclusion
Evidence is lacking regarding the use of consolidation chemotherapy in reducing MRF involvement in LARCs. The benefit of additional chemotherapy after NART in decreasing the extent of planned surgery by reducing margin involvement requires prospective research.

Citations

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Survival benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy in high-risk patients with colon cancer regardless of microsatellite instability
Sung Uk Bae, Jong Lyul Lee, Chun-Seok Yang, Eun Jung Park, Soo Yeun Park, Chang Woo Kim, Woong Bae Ji, Gyung Mo Son, Yoon Dae Han, So Hyun Kim, Min Sung Kim, Youn Young Park, Kyung Ha Lee, Chang Hyun Kim, Gi Won Ha, JaeIm Lee, Kyeong Eui Kim, Woon Kyung J
European Journal of Surgical Oncology.2025; 51(6): 109674. CrossRef
The conundrum of total neoadjuvant therapy in rectal cancer
Devesh S. Ballal, Tejas P. Vispute, Avanish P. Saklani
Colorectal Disease.2024; 26(5): 1068. CrossRef

Reviews

Colorectal cancer

Total neoadjuvant therapy for rectal cancer: evidence and challenge: Suk-Hwan Lee; Ann Coloproctol. 2023;39(4):301-306. Published online August 29, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2023.00269.0038

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Abstract PDF

Recent advances in the management of rectal cancer have dramatically changed the clinical practice of colorectal surgeons because the main focus of rectal cancer treatment has changed from sphincter-saving to an organ-preserving strategies. Modifying the delivery of systemic chemotherapy to improve patients’ survival is another progress in colorectal cancer management, known as total neoadjuvant therapy (TNT). TNT is a new strategy used by colorectal surgeons to improve the quality of life and survival of patients after treatment. TNT poses limitations or obstacles, such as overtreatment issues in patients with stage I rectal cancer. However, considering the quality-of-life issues in patients with low-lying rectal cancer necessitating a permanent colostomy, the indication for TNT will be expanded. This review summarizes the recently conducted clinical trials and foresees future perspectives on TNT.

Citations

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Frontiers in Oncology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
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Kristina Šemanjski, Karla Lužaić, Jure Brkić
Gastrointestinal Tumors.2024; : 1. CrossRef
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Youn Young Park, Nam Kyu Kim
Annals of Gastroenterological Surgery.2024; 8(5): 761. CrossRef
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Z. Liu, M. He, X. Wang
Techniques in Coloproctology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Impact of the laparoscopic approach, early closure and preoperative stimulation on outcomes of ileostomy closure after rectal resection
Andrea Norte, Carmen Martínez, Ana Pasalodos, Ivette Tort, Anna Sánchez, Pilar Hernández, Jesús Bollo, Eduard Maria Targarona
Cirugía Española (English Edition).2024; 102(11): 590. CrossRef
Impact of the laparoscopic approach, early closure and preoperative stimulation on outcomes of ileostomy closure after rectal resection
Andrea Norte, Carmen Martínez, Ana Pasalodos, Ivette Tort, Anna Sánchez, Pilar Hernández, Jesús Bollo, Eduard Maria Targarona
Cirugía Española.2024; 102(11): 590. CrossRef
Efficacy of Neoadjuvant Hypofractionated Chemoradiotherapy in Elderly Patients with Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer: A Single-Center Retrospective Analysis
Jae Seung Kim, Jaram Lee, Hyeung-min Park, Soo Young Lee, Chang Hyun Kim, Hyeong Rok Kim
Cancers.2024; 16(24): 4280. CrossRef
Unveiling the profound advantages of total neoadjuvant therapy in rectal cancer: a trailblazing exploration
Kyung Uk Jung, Hyung Ook Kim, Hungdai Kim, Donghyoun Lee, Chinock Cheong
Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research.2023; 105(6): 341. CrossRef

Organ Preservation Strategies After Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer: Ri Na Yoo, Hyung Jin Kim; Ann Coloproctol. 2019;35(2):53-64. Published online April 30, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2019.04.15.1

6,046 View
192 Download
7 Web of Science
7 Citations

Abstract PDF

Standard use of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy, total mesorectal excision, and postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy in locally advanced rectal cancer has tremendously improved oncologic outcomes over the past several decades. However, these improvements come with costs of significant morbidity and poor quality of life. Along with developments in imaging techniques, clinical experience and evidence have identified a certain subgroup of patients that have exceptionally good clinical outcomes while preserving quality of life. Driven by patient demand and interest in preserving quality of life, numerous organ preservation treatment strategies for managing rectal cancer are rapidly evolving. Herein, the flow of research in organ preservation strategies and counter arguments are discussed.

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Efficacy and safety of MR-guided adaptive simultaneous integrated boost radiotherapy to primary lesions and positive lymph nodes in the neoadjuvant treatment of locally advanced rectal cancer: a randomized controlled phase III trial
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Radiation Oncology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Organ preservation for early rectal cancer using preoperative chemoradiotherapy
Gyung Mo Son
Annals of Coloproctology.2023; 39(3): 191. CrossRef
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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery.2021; 13(9): 1000. CrossRef
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