Annals of Coloproctology

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Original Article

Anorectal benign disease

Validation of a novel imaging-guided and anatomy-based classification system for anorectal fistulas: a retrospective clinical evaluation study: Antonio Brillantino, Francesca Iacobellis, Luigi Marano, Adolfo Renzi, Pasquale Talento, Luigi Brusciano, Claudio Gambardella, Umberto Favetta, Michele Schiano Di Visconte, Luigi Monaco, Maurizio Grillo, Mauro Natale Maglio, Fabrizio Foroni, Alessio Palumbo, Maria Laura Sandoval Sotelo, Luciano Vicenzo, Elisa Palladino, Giovanna Frezza, Maria Paola Menna, Paolino Mauro, Stefano Picardi, Mario Massimo Mensorio, Vinicio Mosca, Vincenzo Bottino, Giovanna Ioia, Corrado Rispoli, Marco Di Serafino, Martina Caruso, Roberto Ronza, Barbara Frittoli, Daria Schettini, Luca Stoppino, Franco Iafrate, Giulio Lombardi, Carmine Antropoli, Salvatore Cappabianca, Ludovico Docimo, Roberto Grassi, Alfonso Reginelli; Ann Coloproctol. 2025;41(3):207-220. Published online June 16, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2024.00675.0096

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Graphical Abstract Abstract PDF: Purpose
This study was conducted to evaluate the validity of a new imaging-guided, anatomy-based classification of anorectal fistulas in defining disease severity and predicting surgical outcomes.
Methods
This multicenter, retrospective cohort study analyzed data from patients with perianal fistulas who underwent surgery between 2017 and 2023. All patients underwent preoperative 3-dimensional endoanal ultrasound, with adjunctive magnetic resonance imaging performed if ultrasound indicated a complex fistula. Imaging examinations were retrospectively evaluated to categorize fistulas according to the Garg classification and the newly proposed classification system. The new classification included 6 severity grades based on the characteristics of the primary tract: submucosal, intersphincteric, low transsphincteric, high transsphincteric, multiple, and suprasphincteric/extrasphincteric. Each grade was further subdivided into 3 subtypes (A, B, C) based on the extension of secondary tracts.
Results
When compared with the new classification, the Garg classification demonstrated a slightly lower ability to predict the feasibility of fistulotomy in simple fistulas (94.2% vs 99.1%; Fisher exact test, P=0.006). A strong positive correlation was found between the surgery failure rate and the severity grade of the new classification (Spearman rho, 0.90; P<0.001), whereas the Garg classification showed a nonsignificant positive correlation with surgical failure rate (Spearman rho, 0.90; P=0.08).
Conclusion
The new imaging-guided, anatomy-based classification of anorectal fistulas demonstrates high accuracy in defining disease severity. It represents a valuable tool for preoperative grading of anal fistulas, standardizing the reporting of diagnostic imaging, and improving the communication of findings among healthcare professionals.

Review

Anorectal benign disease

Recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of complex anal fistula: Pankaj Garg, Kaushik Bhattacharya, Vipul D. Yagnik, G. Mahak; Ann Coloproctol. 2024;40(4):321-335. Published online August 30, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2024.00325.0046

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10 Citations

Abstract PDF

Anal fistula can be a challenging condition to manage, with complex fistulas presenting even greater difficulties. The primary concerns in treating this condition are a risk of damage to the anal sphincters, which can compromise fecal continence, and refractoriness to treatment, as evidenced by a high recurrence rate. Furthermore, the treatment of complex anal fistula involves several additional challenges. Satisfactory solutions to many of these obstacles remain elusive, and no consensus has been established regarding the available treatment options. In summary, complex anal fistula has no established gold-standard treatment, and the quest for effective therapies continues. This review discusses and highlights groundbreaking advances in the management of complex anal fistula over the past decade.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Understanding the anatomical basis of anorectal fistulas and their surgical management: exploring different types for enhanced precision and safety
Asim M. Almughamsi, Yasir Hassan Elhassan
Surgery Today.2025; 55(4): 457. CrossRef
Mucosal advancement flap versus ligation of the inter-sphincteric fistula tract for management of trans-sphincteric perianal fistulas in the elderly: a retrospective study
Tamer A. A. M. Habeeb, Massimo Chiaretti, Igor A. Kryvoruchko, Antonio Pesce, Aristotelis Kechagias, Abd Al-Kareem Elias, Abdelmonem A. M. Adam, Mohamed A. Gadallah, Saad Mohamed Ali Ahmed, Ahmed Khyrallh, Mohammed H. Alsayed, Esmail Tharwat Kamel Awad, M
International Journal of Colorectal Disease.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Evaluating the predictive superiority of Garg's classification for surgical decision-making in perianal fistula management
Naresh Lodhi, Dileep Thakur, Amrendra Verma, Uday Somashekar, Deepti Bala Sharma, Dhananjaya Sharma
Tropical Doctor.2025; 55(2): 124. CrossRef
Tuberculosis in anal fistula: incidence, clinical insights, and diagnostic challenges
Tariq Akhtar Khan, Mohammad Ali, Krishna Pada Saha, M. Nashir Uddin, M. Lutful Kabir Khan, Nunjirul Muhsenin, Nazmun Nahar, Sawantee Joarder, M. Kuddus Ali Khan
International Surgery Journal.2025; 12(5): 717. CrossRef
Validation of a novel imaging-guided and anatomy-based classification system for anorectal fistulas: a retrospective clinical evaluation study
Antonio Brillantino, Francesca Iacobellis, Luigi Marano, Adolfo Renzi, Pasquale Talento, Luigi Brusciano, Claudio Gambardella, Umberto Favetta, Michele Schiano Di Visconte, Luigi Monaco, Maurizio Grillo, Mauro Natale Maglio, Fabrizio Foroni, Alessio Palum
Annals of Coloproctology.2025; 41(3): 207. CrossRef
Application of micro-dynamic negative pressure wound therapy in treating cavity wounds after complex anal fistula surgery
Ruyun Cai, Zhonghua Hong
Asian Journal of Surgery.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Hotspots and trends of perianal fistula of Crohn’s disease: A bibliometric analysis
Lei Liang, Lan Li, Dexin Wang, Xiubi Zhang, Xiaohe Zhang, Gang Tian, Chaochi Yue, Weiliang Du
Medicine.2025; 104(32): e43854. CrossRef
From the Editor: Uniting expertise, a new era of global collaboration in coloproctology
In Ja Park
Annals of Coloproctology.2024; 40(4): 285. CrossRef
Surgeon oriented reporting template for magnetic resonance imaging and endoanal ultrasound of anal fistulas enhances surgical decision-making
Si-Ze Wu
World Journal of Radiology.2024; 16(12): 712. CrossRef
Abbreviations Anonymous: A Coloproctologist’s Guide to Sanity
Kaushik Bhattacharya
Indian Journal of Colo-Rectal Surgery.2024; 7(1): 1. CrossRef

Original Articles

Anorectal benign disease

Immediate sphincter repair following fistulotomy for anal fistula: does it impact the healing rate and septic complications?: Maher A. Abbas, Anna T. Tsay, Mohammad Abbass; Ann Coloproctol. 2024;40(3):217-224. Published online June 28, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2022.01144.0163

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4 Citations

Abstract PDF

Purpose
Fistulotomy is considered the most effective treatment for anal fistula; however, it carries a risk of incontinence. Sphincteroplasty in the setting of fistulotomy is not standard practice due to concerns regarding healing and potential infectious complications. We aimed to compare the outcomes of patients who underwent fistulotomy with primary sphincteroplasty to those who did not undergo repair.
Methods
This was a retrospective review of consecutive patients who underwent fistulotomy for cryptoglandular anal fistula. All operations were performed by one colorectal surgeon. Sphincteroplasty was performed for patients perceived to be at higher risk for continence disturbance. The main outcome measures were the healing rate and postoperative septic complications.
Results
In total, 152 patients were analyzed. Group A (fistulotomy with sphincteroplasty) consisted of 45 patients and group B (fistulotomy alone) included 107 patients. Both groups were similar in age (P=0.16) and sex (P=0.20). Group A had higher proportions of multiple fistulas (26.7% vs. 6.5%, P<0.01) and complex fistulas (mid to high transsphincteric, 37.8% vs. 10.3%; P<0.01) than group B. The median follow-up time was 8 weeks. The overall healing rate was similar in both groups (93.3% vs. 90.6%, P=0.76). No significant difference between the 2 groups was noted in septic complications (6.7% vs. 3.7%, P=0.42).
Conclusion
Fistulotomy with primary sphincter repair demonstrated a comparable healing rate to fistulotomy alone, without an increased risk of postoperative septic complications. Further prospective randomized studies are needed to confirm these findings and to explore the functional outcomes of patients who undergo sphincteroplasty.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Is Primary Opening of Fistula-in-Ano Always at Dentate Line: Correlation Between MRI and Operative Findings in 379 Patients
Pankaj Garg, Gabriele Naldini, Vincent De Parades, Petr Tsarkov, Vipul Yagnik, Kaushik Bhattacharya, Baljit Kaur, G Mahak
Clinical and Experimental Gastroenterology.2025; Volume 18: 121. CrossRef
Clinical outcome of fistulectomy with partial sphincter preservation in complex fistula-in-ano in a tertiary hospital of Bangladesh
Jalal Ahmed, M. Meher Ullah, Asif Aman, Satya Ranjan Mondal, Sabrina Akhter Qurashi, Golam Mustafa, Ahsan Habib, Imtiaz Faruk
International Surgery Journal.2025; 12(7): 1131. CrossRef
Sequential Surgical Management of a Recurrent Complex Transsphincteric Anal Fistula With Sphincter Disruption: A Case Report
Diego Pérez-Valdez, Alfredo Sinahi Abarca-Magallón, Samuel Hernández-Alvarado, Daniel Castañeda-Rodríguez, Daniel Alejandro Valdivieso-Siguenza
Cureus.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Achieving a high cure rate in complex anal fistulas: understanding the conceptual role of the Garg cardinal principles
Pankaj Garg, Nicola Clemente, James C. W. Khaw
Annals of Coloproctology.2024; 40(5): 521. CrossRef

Benign proctology,Surgical technique

Two-Stage Complete Deroofing Fistulotomy Approach for Horseshoe Fistula: Successful Surgery Leaving Continence Intact: Asami Usui, Gentaro Ishiyama, Akihiko Nishio, Maiko Kawamura, Yukiko Kono, Yuji Ishiyama; Ann Coloproctol. 2021;37(3):153-158. Published online January 12, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2020.06.08

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3 Web of Science
4 Citations

Abstract PDF

Purpose
Surgery of the horseshoe fistula is challenging due to its complex configuration and sphincter muscle involvement. Complete deroofing fistulotomy for horseshoe fistula is highly curative with the eradication of all fistulous lesions but has been discredited for its high incontinence rate. It was replaced with the more conservative Hanley’s procedure leaving the lateral tracts intact, despite its issue of recurrence. Our study aimed to report the outcomes of a procedure dividing complete deroofing fistulotomy for horseshoe fistula into 2 stages to avoid impairment of sphincter function.
Methods
We retrospectively reviewed 139 patients who underwent surgery for horseshoe fistula using the 2-stage complete deroofing fistulotomy method between 2014 and 2017. The first surgery deroofed the lateral tracts with an arch-like incision severing the anococcygeal ligament. The primary lesion was also drained and curetted. A seton was placed in the primary tract which was laid open in the second surgery after the lateral wound had partially healed.
Results
Recurrence was observed in 12 patients. All were superficial recurrences except for 1, in which recurrence was confirmed in the primary lesion. Those with blind intersphincteric upward extensions had a significantly higher recurrence rate. Furthermore, patients who resided far from the hospital and could not make visits for frequent wound inspections also had a significantly higher recurrence rate. No patient had any continence issues at the end of the follow-up period.
Conclusion
Managing horseshoe fistula with the 2-stage deroofing fistulotomy approach allows for eradication of the fistula tract without compromising anal sphincter function.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Successful management of a rare horseshoe perianal fistula using the modified Hanley procedure: a case report
Ibnu Kharisman, Ida Bagus Budhi Surya Adnyana, Suryo Wahyu Raharjo
International Surgery Journal.2025; 12(11): 1991. CrossRef
Clinical efficacy of the bared external anal sphincter (BEAS) in high horseshoe-shaped anal fistulas: Protocol for a real-world, prospective cohort study
Qianqian Ye, Ye Han, Peixin Du, Min Yang, De Zheng, Zubing Mei, Qingming Wang
Heliyon.2024; 10(15): e35024. CrossRef
Evaluating the efficacy of multi-incision and tube-dragging therapy combined with laser closure for high horseshoe-shaped anal fistula: Protocol of a prospective, randomized, controlled trial
Min Yang, Zubing Mei, Qingming Wang, Ye Han, De Zheng, James Mockridge
PLOS ONE.2024; 19(9): e0307653. CrossRef
A systematic review of translation and experimental studies on internal anal sphincter for fecal incontinence
Minsung Kim, Bo-Young Oh, Ji-Seon Lee, Dogeon Yoon, Wook Chun, Il Tae Son
Annals of Coloproctology.2022; 38(3): 183. CrossRef

Case Report

Benign proctology

Combined Fistulotomy and Contralateral Anal Internal Sphincterotomy for Recurrent and Complex Anal Fistula to Prevent Recurrence: Adeodatus Yuda Handaya, Aditya Rifqi Fauzi; Ann Coloproctol. 2020;36(2):122-127. Published online March 17, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2018.11.19

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161 Download
5 Web of Science
3 Citations

Abstract PDF

The ideal intervention in the treatment of perianal fistula prevents the onset of infection to speed healing and prevent fistula recurrence while maintaining the function of the anal sphincter. Currently, there is no consensus on the best recommended surgical technique for perianal fistula management. Several studies have shown that fistulotomy was an easy and safe procedure for treatment of perianal fistula. Lateral internal sphincterotomy is the usual procedure performed on an anal fissure to decrease the anal sphincter tone. This study reports a combination of fistulotomy and contralateral internal sphincterotomy procedures for recurrent and complex perianal fistula to prevent recurrence. Here, we report 5 cases of recurrent and complex perianal fistula. The combination of fistulotomy and contralateral internal sphincterotomy is a relatively easy and safe procedure for complex perianal fistulae. In our cases, we found neither recurrence nor postoperative anal incontinence.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Modified anal sphincter suspension improves anal function in patients with anal fistula
Peng Chen
American Journal of Translational Research.2024; 16(9): 4858. CrossRef
Ligation of Intersphincteric Fistulous Tract vs Endorectal Advancement Flap for High-Type Fistula in Ano: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Pankaj Kumar, Siddhant Sarthak, Pradeep K Singh, Tushar S Mishra, Prakash K Sasmal
Journal of the American College of Surgeons.2023; 236(1): 27. CrossRef
Comparison of loose combined cutting seton and traditional cutting seton for high anal fistula: a meta-analysis
Yi SUN, Chunqiang WANG, Tianye HUANG, Xuebing WANG
Gazzetta Medica Italiana Archivio per le Scienze Mediche.2023;[Epub] CrossRef

Original Articles

The Impact of the Outcome of Treating a High Anal Fistula by Using a Cutting Seton and Staged Fistulotomy on Saudi Arabian Patients: Bader Hamza Shirah, Hamza Asaad Shirah; Ann Coloproctol. 2018;34(5):234-240. Published online October 10, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2018.03.23

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175 Download
17 Web of Science
15 Citations

Abstract PDF

Purpose
A cutting seton is used after a partial distal fistulotomy to treat patients with a high exrasphincteric fistula in ano to avoid fecal incontinence and recurrence. In Saudi Arabia, religious practices necessitate complete cleanness, which makes conditions affecting anal continence a major concern to patients affected by an anal fistula. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the efficiency of the cutting seton in treating a high anal fistula among Saudi Arabians.
Methods
Between January 2005 and December 2014, a prospective study was done for 372 Saudi Arabian patients diagnosed as having a high anal fistula and treated with a cutting seton at Al-Ansar General Hospital, Medina, Saudi Arabia. 0-silk sutures were used. All patients underwent the same preoperative assessment, operative technique, and postoperative follow-up. Weekly, the seton was tightened in outpatient clinics.
Results
Two hundred ninety-eight patients (80.1%) were males and 74 (19.9%) females. The duration of symptoms varied from 3–21 months. The fistula healed completely in 363 patients (97.6%); 58 patients (15.6%) reported some degree of incontinence to flatus, but none to feces. In 9 patients (2.4%) the fistula recurred.
Conclusion
The utilization of the cutting seton method in the treatment of patients with a high anal fistula is highly efficient as it simultaneously drains the abscess, cuts the fistulous tract, and causes fibrosis along the tract. Treatment of a high anal fistula by using a staged fistulotomy with a cutting seton was very rewarding to Saudi Arabian patients who feared anal incontinence for religious reasons and was associated with low postoperative complication and recurrence rates.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Ultrasound assessment of low type intersphincteric perianal fistulas in Yemen
Sultan Abdulwadoud Alshoabi, Abdulkhaleq Ayedh Binnuhaid, Abdullgabbar M. Hamid, Fahad H. Alhazmi, Abdulaziz A. Qurashi, Awadia Gareeballah, Moawia Gameraddin, Osamah M. Abdulaal, Walaa Alsharif, Fathelrehman A. Elajab, Tareef S. Daqqaq, Khaled Mohammed A
Scientific Reports.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Cutting seton for the treatment of cryptoglandular fistula-in-ano: a systematic review and meta-analysis
J. Khamar, A. Sachdeva, T. McKechnie, Y. Lee, L. Tessier, D. Hong, C. Eskicioglu
Techniques in Coloproctology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Evaluation surgical strategies in perianal fistulas treatment: Efficacy draining seton compared to other surgical approaches; a case‐control study
Amir Ghasemlouei, Amirhosein Naseri, Ali Ashjaei, Shahryar Sadeghi, Amir Keshvari
Health Science Reports.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Assessing the suitability of video-assisted anal fistula treatment for obese patients compared to conventional surgery: a question worth investigating
Xiao-Li Tang, Zi-Yang Xu, Jun Yang, Zhe Yang, Zhi-Gang Wang, Zheng-Yun Zhang, Jing Yao
International Journal of Colorectal Disease.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Comparative Evaluation Between Cutting of the Intersphincteric Space vs Cutting Seton in High Anal Fistula: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Jiawei Qin, Yanlan Wu, Xueping Zheng, Kunlan Wu, Gongjian Dai, Yanyan Tan, Xu Yang, Yuqing Sun
Journal of the American College of Surgeons.2024; 239(6): 563. CrossRef
Fistulectomy and primary sphincteroplasty in complex anal fistula treatment: a hospital-based long-term follow-up study
Fakhrosadat Anaraki, Mohammad Reza Nikshoar, Arsh Haj Mohamad Ebrahim Ketabforoush, Rojin Chegini, Nasrin Borumandnia, Mehdi Tavallaei
Techniques in Coloproctology.2023; 27(2): 145. CrossRef
Exploring Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients with Anal Fistulas: A Comprehensive Study
Tudor Mateescu, Lazar Fulger, Durganjali Tummala, Aditya Nelluri, Manaswini Kakarla, Lavinia Stelea, Catalin Dumitru, George Noditi, Amadeus Dobrescu, Cristian Paleru, Ana-Olivia Toma
Life.2023; 13(10): 2008. CrossRef
Surgical treatment of anal fistula
A. Ya. Ilkanich, V. V. Darwin, E. A. Krasnov, F. Sh. Aliyev, K. Z. Zubailov
Сибирский научный медицинский журнал.2023; 43(5): 74. CrossRef
Evaluation of the Cutting Seton Technique in Treating High Anal Fistula
Asim M Almughamsi, Mohamed Khaled S Zaky, Abdullatif M Alshanqiti, Ibrahim S Alsaedi, Hamed I Hamed, Tariq E Alharbi, Ali A Elian
Cureus.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Comparison of loose combined cutting seton and traditional cutting seton for high anal fistula: a meta-analysis
Yi SUN, Chunqiang WANG, Tianye HUANG, Xuebing WANG
Gazzetta Medica Italiana Archivio per le Scienze Mediche.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Evaluating the Efficacy of Cutting Setons for the Treatment of Anal Fistulas
Miguel E. Gomez, Koianka Trencheva, Matthew Symer, Kelly Garrett, Jeffrey W. Milsom, Parul J. Shukla
Indian Journal of Surgery.2022; 84(5): 961. CrossRef
Advancing standard techniques for treatment of perianal fistula; when tissue engineering meets seton
Hojjatollah Nazari, Zahra Ebrahim Soltani, Reza Akbari Asbagh, Amirsina Sharifi, Abolfazl Badripour, Asieh Heirani Tabasi, Majid Ebrahimi Warkiani, Mohammad Reza Keramati, Behnam Behboodi, Mohammad Sadegh Fazeli, Amir Keshvari, Mojgan Rahimi, Seyed Mohsen
Health Sciences Review.2022; 3: 100026. CrossRef
Treatment of the fistula tract with laser ablation in high anal fistula
Erkan Karacan, Eyüp Murat Yılmaz
Journal of Clinical Medicine of Kazakhstan.2022; 19(6): 43. CrossRef
Influence of the cotton and silastic seton on the distance of the anal sphincter cables after fistulotomy in rats
Ana Laura Sanches Lima, Beatriz Schorro Gianini, Bruna Miranda Santana, Carlos Henrique Marques dos Santos, Doroty Mesquita Dourado, Juliano Seger Falcão, Lucas Bannwart, Sara Jéssica Falcão Câmara
Journal of Coloproctology.2020; 40(01): 056. CrossRef
A Commentary on the article: “Risk factors for recurrence after anal fistula surgery: A meta-analysis”, Int J Surg 2019;69:153–164
F. Karimian
International Journal of Surgery.2019; 71: 79. CrossRef

Comparison of a Fistulectomy and a Fistulotomy with Marsupialization in the Management of a Simple Anal Fistula: A Randomized, Controlled Pilot Trial: Bhupendra Kumar Jain, Kumar Vaibhaw, Pankaj Kumar Garg, Sanjay Gupta, Debajyoti Mohanty; J Korean Soc Coloproctol. 2012;28(2):78-82. Published online April 30, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/jksc.2012.28.2.78

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29 Citations

Abstract PDF

Purpose

This randomized clinical trial was conducted to compare a fistulectomy and a fistulotomy with marsupialization in the management of a simple anal fistula.

Methods

Forty patients with simple anal fistula were randomized into two groups. Fistulous tracts were managed by using a fistulectomy (group A) while a fistulotomy with marsupialization was performed in group B. The primary outcome measure was wound healing time while secondary outcome measures were operating time, postoperative wound size, postoperative pain, wound infection, anal incontinence, recurrence and patient satisfaction.

Results

Postoperative wounds in group B healed earlier in comparison to group A wounds (4.85 ± 1.39 weeks vs. 6.75 ± 1.83 weeks, P = 0.035). No significant differences existed between the operating times (28.00 ± 6.35 minutes vs. 28.20 ± 6.57 minutes, P = 0.925) and visual analogue scale scores for postoperative pain on the first postoperative day (4.05 ± 1.47 vs. 4.50 ± 1.32, P = 0.221) for the two groups. Postoperative wounds were larger in group A than in group B (2.07 ± 0.1.90 cm² vs. 1.23 ± 0.87 cm²), however this difference did not reach statistical significance (P = 0.192). Wound discharge was observed for a significantly longer duration in group A than in group B (4.10 ± 1.91 weeks vs. 2.75 ± 1.71 weeks, P = 0.035). There were no differences in social and sexual activities after surgery between the patients of the two groups. No patient developed anal incontinence or recurrence during the follow-up period of twelve weeks.

Conclusion

In comparison to a fistulectomy, a fistulotomy with marsupialization results in faster healing and a shorter duration of wound discharge without increasing the operating time.

Citations

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Fistulotomy versus fistulectomy for simple fistula‐in‐ano: a systematic review and meta‐analysis of randomized controlled trials
Rakesh Quinn, Alexandra Peacock, Rebecca J Lendzion
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Régulo López-Callejas, Pasquinely Salvador Velasco-García, Mario Betancourt-Ángeles, Benjamín Gonzalo Rodríguez-Méndez, Guillermo Berrones-Stringel, César Jaramillo-Martínez, Fernando Eliseo Farías-López, Antonio Mercado-Cabrera, Raúl Valencia-Alvarado
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Chinniahnapalaya Pandurangaiah Hariprasad, Anil Kumar, Manoj Kumar, Manoj Kumar, Shiv Shankar Paswan, Gupta Rohit, Shiv Kishor, Prem Kumar
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S. Bhat, W. Xu, C. Varghese, N. Dubey, C. I. Wells, C. Harmston, G. O’Grady, I. P. Bissett, A. Y. Lin
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Wolfgang B. Gaertner, Pamela L. Burgess, Jennifer S. Davids, Amy L. Lightner, Benjamin D. Shogan, Mark Y. Sun, Scott R. Steele, Ian M. Paquette, Daniel L. Feingold
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Simple fistula-in-ano: is it all simple? A systematic review
F. Litta, A. Parello, L. Ferri, N. O. Torrecilla, A. A. Marra, R. Orefice, V. De Simone, P. Campennì, M. Goglia, C. Ratto
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Is Fistulotomy with Marsipulization more Effective than Fistulectomy alone for Low Fistula in Ano?
Danish Aslam, Farhan Zaheer, Sarush Ahmed Siddiqui, Foad Ali Moosa, Shafaq Naseer, Rabia Arsalan, Muhammed Osama
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Xinyi Cherry Cheung, Tom Fahey, Ailin C. Rogers, John Hogeland Pemberton, Dara Oliver Kavanagh
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The management of cryptoglandular fistula-in-ano
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British Journal of Hospital Medicine.2020; 81(1): 1. CrossRef
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N. E. Samalavicius, V. Klimasauskiene, A. Dulskas
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A. Sanad, S. Emile, W. Thabet, R. Ellaithy
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Drainage Seton Versus External Anal Sphincter–Sparing Seton After Rerouting of the Fistula Tract in the Treatment of Complex Anal Fistula: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Waleed Omar, Abdallah Alqasaby, Mahmoud Abdelnaby, Mohamed Youssef, Mostafa Shalaby, Mohamed Anwar Abdel-Razik, Sameh Hany Emile
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Fistulotomy with or without marsupialisation of wound edges in treatment of simple anal fistula: a randomised controlled trial
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Review

Surgery in an Intersphincteric Fistula.: Lim, Seok Won; J Korean Soc Coloproctol. 2009;25(6):365-371.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/jksc.2009.25.6.365

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Abstract PDF

An intersphincteric fistula is the most common type of fistula, about 70% of all fistulas, and is often encountered by the surgeon during anal surgery. The operative procedures include a simple fistulotomy, a fistulectomy, a cutting seton technique, and a sphincter-saving technique. Most posterior-located intersphincteric fistulas can be successfully treated by using the lay-open technique, but using that technique in cases of lateral- or anterior-located fistulas may result in incontinence or anal deformity. In this respect, a sphincter-saving technique has more advantage in sparing anal function than other procedures in cases of lateral or anterior fistulas, but the recurrence rate is high. The delayed open method with seton techniques have a low recurrence rate, but do not preserve anal function well. As mentioned above, the operative method for treating intersphincteric fistulas should be suitable for keeping sphincter tone and should have a low recurrence rate. This article discusses the rationale for and the estimated effectiveness of many operative methods for treating intersphincteric fistulas.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

New Techniques for Treating an Anal Fistula
Kee Ho Song
Journal of the Korean Society of Coloproctology.2012; 28(1): 7. CrossRef

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