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Original Articles
Minimally invasive surgery
New double-stapling technique without staple-crossing line in laparoscopic low anterior resection: effort to reduce anastomotic leakage
Nam Seok Kim, Ji Hoon Kim, Yoon Suk Lee, In Kyu Lee, Won Kyung Kang
Ann Coloproctol. 2024;40(6):573-579.   Published online November 22, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2022.00409.0058
  • 2,075 View
  • 132 Download
Graphical AbstractGraphical Abstract AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose
This study aimed to demonstrate the safety of new double-stapling technique (nDST), without a crossing line and dog ears, by comparing with conventional DST (cDST) in laparoscopic low anterior resection (LAR).
Methods
We retrospectively reviewed 98 consecutive patients who underwent laparoscopic LAR for rectal cancer from January 2018 to December 2020. The inclusion criterion was an anastomosis level below the peritoneal reflection and 4 cm above the anal verge. In the nDST group, the staple line of the linear cutter was sutured using barbed sutures to shorten the staple line before firing the circular stapler. Therefore, there were no crossing lines after firing the circular stapler. A 2:1 propensity score matching was performed between the cDST and nDST groups.
Results
After propensity score matching, 39 patients were in the cDST group and 20 were in the nDST group. There were no significant differences in patient demographics between the 2 groups. There was no difference in the total operation time between the cDST and nDST groups (124.0±26.2 minutes vs. 125.2±20.3 minutes, P=0.853). Morbidity rates were similar between the 2 groups (9 cases [23.1%] vs. 5 cases [25.0%], P=0.855). There was no significant difference in leakage rate (4 cases [10.3%] vs. 1 case [5.0%], P=0.847) and anastomotic bleeding rate (1 case [2.6%] vs. 3 cases [15.0%], P=0.211).
Conclusion
The nDST to eliminate the crossing line and dog ears in laparoscopic LAR is technically feasible and safe. However, more attention should be paid to anastomotic bleeding in such cases.
Colorectal cancer
Long-term clinical outcomes after high and low ligations with lymph node dissection around the root of the inferior mesenteric artery in patients with rectal cancer
Min Wan Lee, Sung Sil Park, Kiho You, Dong Eun Lee, Dong Woon Lee, Sung Chan Park, Kyung Su Han, Dae Kyung Sohn, Chang Won Hong, Bun Kim, Byung Chang Kim, Hee Jin Chang, Dae Yong Kim, Jae Hwan Oh
Ann Coloproctol. 2024;40(1):62-73.   Published online February 26, 2024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2023.00094.0013
  • 3,769 View
  • 228 Download
  • 1 Web of Science
  • 2 Citations
Graphical AbstractGraphical Abstract AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose
This study aimed to evaluate the long-term clinical outcomes based on the ligation level of the inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) in patients with rectal cancer.
Methods
This was a retrospective analysis of a prospectively collected database that included all patients who underwent elective low anterior resection for rectal cancer between January 2013 and December 2019. The clinical outcomes included oncological outcomes, postoperative complications, and functional outcomes. The oncological outcomes included overall survival (OS) and relapse-free survival (RFS). The functional outcomes, including defecatory and urogenital functions, were analyzed using the Fecal Incontinence Severity Index, International Prostate Symptom Score, and International Index of Erectile Function questionnaires.
Results
In total, 545 patients were included in the analysis. Of these, 244 patients underwent high ligation (HL), whereas 301 underwent low ligation (LL). The tumor size was larger in the HL group than in the LL group. The number of harvested lymph nodes (LNs) was higher in the HL group than in the LL group. There were no significant differences in complication rates and recurrence patterns between the groups. There were no significant differences in 5-year RFS and OS between the groups. Cox regression analysis revealed that the ligation level (HL vs. LL) was not a significant risk factor for oncological outcomes. Regarding functional outcomes, the LL group showed a significant recovery in defecatory function 1 year postoperatively compared with the HL group.
Conclusion
LL with LNs dissection around the root of the IMA might not affect the oncologic outcomes comparing to HL; however, it has minimal benefit for defecatory function.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Meeting report on the 8th Asian Science Editors’ Conference and Workshop 2024
    Eun Jung Park
    Science Editing.2025; 12(1): 66.     CrossRef
  • Early detection of anastomotic leakage in colon cancer surgery: the role of early warning score and C-reactive protein
    Gyung Mo Son
    Annals of Coloproctology.2024; 40(5): 415.     CrossRef
Technical Note
Clinical outcomes with of the Contix Faecal Incontinence Management System: preliminary results
Moris Venturero, Reuma Yehuda-Margalit, Carla Maradey-Romero, Yael Corcos, Dan Carter, Marc Beer-Gabel
Ann Coloproctol. 2023;39(1):89-93.   Published online December 6, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2022.00563.0080
  • 3,259 View
  • 144 Download
  • 1 Web of Science
  • 1 Citations
AbstractAbstract PDF
Fecal incontinence (FI) has a significant long-term impact on patient quality of life for which there is a range of medical and surgical management alternatives. We report the preliminary outcome using the ForConti Contix Faecal Incontinence Management System (FIMS) in FI patients who had failed conservative therapy and who were recruited at 2 tertiary institutions between September 2018 and September 2020. Comparative assessments were made before and after 2 week periods of treatment using bowel diaries and subjective Wexner and Faecal Incontinence Quality of Life scores. Of 17 patients enrolled, 11 completed an 8-week assessment with a significant fall in the average percentage of FI days reported from 84% before treatment to 16.8% at the first posttreatment assessment and down to 13.2% by the second assessment period. This finding correlated with a similar reduction in the total weekly number of episodes of frank FI, minor soiling, and fecal urgency reported by patients along with concomitant improvements in the Wexner scores. For those using the device, there was less concern about accidental bowel leakage, high rates of satisfaction, and minimal problems with the device. Initial results are encouraging warranting further study.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Novel Nonablative Radiofrequency Approach for the Treatment of Anal Incontinence: A Phase 1 Clinical Trial
    Patrícia Lordêlo, Juliana Barros, Claudia Liony, Cristiane Maria Carvalho C Dias, Janine Ferreira, Priscila G Januário, Luana N Matos, Camila O Muniz, Laizza S Silva, Cristina Brasil
    Cureus.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
Original Articles
Colorectal cancer
Outcomes of side-to-end versus end-to-end colorectal anastomosis in nonemergent sigmoid and rectal cancers: a randomized controlled clinical trial
Tamer A.A.M. Habeeb, Hatem Mohammad, Tamer Wasefy, Mohamed Ibrahim Mansour
Ann Coloproctol. 2023;39(3):231-241.   Published online March 11, 2022
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2021.00906.0129
  • 7,543 View
  • 184 Download
  • 3 Web of Science
  • 5 Citations
Graphical AbstractGraphical Abstract AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose
The outcomes of open colorectal anastomosis of side-to-end versus end-to-end in nonemergent sigmoid and rectal cancer surgery in adults were compared.
Methods
A randomized controlled trial on individuals with sigmoid and rectal cancers was conducted between September 2016 and September 2018.
Results
The mean age was 62.58±12.3 years in the side-to-end anastomotic (SEA) group and 61.03±13.98 years in the end-to-end anastomotic (EEA) group. Except for the operative time, intraoperative data revealed no significant differences between the studied groups, and the SEA group revealed that the mean anastomotic time was significantly shorter. Perioperative blood loss, length of stay, reoperation, inpatient death, infection, and bleeding were significantly associated with leakage. There is a statistically significant change regarding the range of bowel frequency in the EEA group only (P=0.04). There is a statistically significant difference regarding incontinence for flatus in the SEA group only (P≤0.001). A statistically significant change in both groups regards incontinence for liquid stools (P≤0.001) and clustering of stools (P≤0.001 and P=0.043). The quality of life in the SEA group significantly dropped at 6 months and then returned to baseline as regards to physical well-being (PWB), functional well-being (FWB), and colorectal cancer symptoms (CCS) with no difference as regards SWB and EWB, while in the EEA group, the exact change happened only as regard PWB and FWB, but SWB and CCS percentage did not return to baseline.
Conclusion
The SEA group offers a safe alternative approach to the EEA group.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Short-term Outcomes of Linear vs. Circular Stapling for Esophagojejunostomy in Gastric Cancer: an Inverse Probability of Treatment Weighting Analysis
    Yeojin Boo, Ho-Jung Shin, Jeong Ho Song, Sang-Yong Son, Hoon Hur, Sang-Uk Han
    Journal of Gastric Cancer.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Minimally invasive left colectomy with total intracorporeal anastomosis versus extracorporeal anastomosis. A single center cohort study. Stage 2b IDEAL framework for evaluating surgical innovation
    Xavier Serra-Aracil, Irene Gómez-Torres, Andrea Torrecilla-Portoles, Anna Serracant-Barrera, Albert García-Nalda, Anna Pallisera-Lloveras
    Langenbeck's Archives of Surgery.2024;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • The impact of powered circular staplers on anastomotic leak in left-sided colorectal cancer surgeries
    Hayoung Lee, Yong Sik Yoon, Young Il Kim, Eun Jung Park, Min Hyun Kim, Jong Lyul Lee, Chan Wook Kim, In Ja Park, Seok-Byung Lim
    Surgical Endoscopy.2024; 38(10): 6111.     CrossRef
  • Is end-to-end or side-to-end anastomotic configuration associated with risk of positive intraoperative air leak test in left-sided colon and rectal resections for colon and rectal cancers?
    Sami Alahmadi, David L. Berger, Christy E. Cauley, Robert N. Goldstone, William V. Kastrinakis, Marc Rubin, Hiroko Kunitake, Rocco Ricciardi, Grace C. Lee
    Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery.2024; : 101899.     CrossRef
  • Operative time and surgical efficiency in end-to-end versus side-to-end colorectal anastomosis for rectal cancer
    Asif Almas Haque, Mir Rasekh Alam Ovi, Mohammad Tanvir Jalal
    International Surgery Journal.2024; 12(1): 42.     CrossRef
Complication,Biomarker & risk factor
Intraoperative fluorescence angiography as an independent factor of anastomotic leakage and a nomogram for predicting leak for colorectal anastomoses
Mikhail Alekseev, Evgeny Rybakov, Evgeniy Khomyakov, Irina Zarodnyuk, Yuri Shelygin
Ann Coloproctol. 2022;38(5):380-386.   Published online July 22, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2021.00171.0024
  • 4,735 View
  • 169 Download
  • 11 Web of Science
  • 14 Citations
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose
Colorectal anastomotic leakage (AL) is a life-threatening complication, which increases morbidity, hospital stay and cost of treatment. The aim of this study is to identify risk factors, including intraoperative indocyanine green fluorescence angiography (ICG FA), associated with the leak of stapled colorectal anastomosis.
Methods
Four hundred twenty-nine consecutive patients underwent surgery between 2017 and 2019 for benign (n=10, 2.3%) or malignant (n=419, 97.7%) and rectal (n=349, 81.4%) or distal sigmoid (n=80, 18.6%) lesions with double-stapling technique reconstruction were included into retrospective study. Univariate analysis and multivariate logistic regression of the tumor-, patient- and treatment-related risk factors of AL was performed.
Results
An AL developed in 52 patients (12.1%). In multivariate analysis following variables were independently associated with AL; male sex (odds ratio [OR], 3.8; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.9−7.7; P<0.01), anastomosis at ≤6.5 cm from anal verge (OR, 3.1; 95% CI, 1.3−7.5; P=0.01), and age of ≤62.5 years (OR, 2.1; 95% CI, 1.1−4.1; P=0.03). ICG FA was found as independent factor reducing colorectal AL rate (OR, 0.4; 95% CI, 0.2−0.8; P=0.02). A nomogram with high discriminative ability (concordance index, 0.81) was created.
Conclusion
ICG FA is a modifiable surgery-related risk factor associated with a decrease of colorectal AL rate. A suggested nomogram, which takes into consideration ICG FA, might be helpful to identify the individual risk of AL.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Multiple robotic stapler firings to transect the rectum are not associated with anastomotic leakage
    Stefano Cardelli, Luca Stocchi, Amit Merchea, Dorin T. Colibaseanu, Michelle F. DeLeon, Nitin Mishra, Kevin J. Hancock, David W. Larson
    Colorectal Disease.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Prospective analysis of factors influencing the change of the section line based on fluorescence angiography with ICG for colorectal anastomosis
    J. R. Gómez-López, A. Balla, E. Licardie, S. Morales-Conde
    Techniques in Coloproctology.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
  • Sex Disparities in Rectal Cancer Surgery: An In-Depth Analysis of Surgical Approaches and Outcomes
    Chungyeop Lee, In Ja Park
    The World Journal of Men's Health.2024; 42(2): 304.     CrossRef
  • RISK FACTORS AND PREVENTIVE MEASURES OF SURGICAL COMPLICATIONS IN THE TREATMENT OF RECTAL CANCER
    Світлана Віталіївна Маліборська, Y.D. Partykevych, A.E. Kryzhanivska
    Art of Medicine.2024; : 282.     CrossRef
  • The impact of powered circular staplers on anastomotic leak in left-sided colorectal cancer surgeries
    Hayoung Lee, Yong Sik Yoon, Young Il Kim, Eun Jung Park, Min Hyun Kim, Jong Lyul Lee, Chan Wook Kim, In Ja Park, Seok-Byung Lim
    Surgical Endoscopy.2024; 38(10): 6111.     CrossRef
  • Optimal Indocyanine Green Dosage for Repetitive Angiography for Laparoscopic Colorectal Surgery
    Gyung Mo Son, Sang-Ho Park, Nam Su Kim, Mi Sook Yun, In Young Lee, Myeong-Sook Kwon, Tae Kyun Kim, Eun Hwa Lee, Eun Jung Hwang, Kwang-Ryul Baek
    Medicina.2024; 60(12): 1966.     CrossRef
  • Predictive Factors for Anastomotic Leakage Following Colorectal Cancer Surgery: Where Are We and Where Are We Going?
    Christos Tsalikidis, Athanasia Mitsala, Vasileios I. Mentonis, Konstantinos Romanidis, George Pappas-Gogos, Alexandra K. Tsaroucha, Michail Pitiakoudis
    Current Oncology.2023; 30(3): 3111.     CrossRef
  • The effect of neoadjuvant treatment on postoperative morbidity in upper rectal cancer
    S. N. Lukmonov, Ya. V. Belenkaya, M. S. Lebedko, S. S. Gordeev, Z. Z. Mammadli
    Pelvic Surgery and Oncology.2023; 13(2): 46.     CrossRef
  • The Safe Values of Quantitative Perfusion Parameters of ICG Angiography Based on Tissue Oxygenation of Hyperspectral Imaging for Laparoscopic Colorectal Surgery: A Prospective Observational Study
    Gyung Son, Armaan Nazir, Mi Yun, In Lee, Sun Im, Jae Kwak, Sang-Ho Park, Kwang-Ryul Baek, Ines Gockel
    Biomedicines.2023; 11(7): 2029.     CrossRef
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    Xue-Cong Zheng, Jin-Bo Su, Jin-Jie Zheng
    BMC Gastroenterology.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Su Hyeong Park, Hye Seung Woo, In Kyung Hong, Eun Jung Park
    Cancers.2023; 15(20): 5098.     CrossRef
  • Fluorescence-guided colorectal surgery: applications, clinical results, and protocols
    Jin-Min Jung, In Ja Park, Eun Jung Park, Gyung Mo Son
    Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research.2023; 105(5): 252.     CrossRef
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    Hyun Gu Lee
    The Ewha Medical Journal.2023;[Epub]     CrossRef
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    Eugenia Claudia Zarnescu, Narcis Octavian Zarnescu, Radu Costea
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Malignant disease, Rectal cancer, Functional outcomes,Colorectal cancer
The Effect of Anastomotic Leakage on the Incidence and Severity of Low Anterior Resection Syndrome in Patients Undergoing Proctectomy: A Propensity Score Matching Analysis
Sungjin Kim, Sung Il Kang, So Hyun Kim, Jae-Hwang Kim
Ann Coloproctol. 2021;37(5):281-290.   Published online June 7, 2021
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2021.03.15
  • 4,617 View
  • 73 Download
  • 20 Web of Science
  • 21 Citations
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose
Proctectomy for the treatment of rectal cancer results in inevitable changes to bowel habits. Symptoms such as fecal incontinence, constipation, and tenesmus are collectively referred to as low anterior resection syndrome (LARS). Among the several risk factors that cause LARS, anastomotic leakage (AL) is a strong risk factor for permanent stoma formation. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the severity of LARS and AL in patients with rectal cancer based on the LARS score and the Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) defecation symptom questionnaires.
Methods
We retrospectively analyzed patients who underwent low anterior resection for rectal cancer since January 2010. Patients who completed the questionnaire were classified into the AL group and control group based on medical and imaging records. Major LARS and MSKCC scores were analyzed as primary endpoints.
Results
Among the 179 patients included in this study, 37 were classified into the AL group. After propensity score matching, there were significant differences in the ratio of major LARS and MSKCC scores of the control group and AL group (ratio of major LARS: 11.1% and 37.8%, P<0.001; MSKCC score: 67.29±10.4 and 56.49±7.2, respectively, P<0.001). Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that AL was an independent factor for major LARS occurrence and MSKCC score.
Conclusion
This study showed that AL was a significant factor in the occurrence of major LARS and defecation symptoms after proctectomy.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Repeated Treatments for Chronic Colorectal and Coloanal Anastomotic Leaks are Associated With a Higher Chance of a Permanent Stoma
    Justin Dourado, Sameh Hany Emile, Anjelli Wignakumar, Brett Weiss, Nir Horesh, Victoria DeTrolio, Rachel Gefen, Zoe Garoufalia, Peter Rogers, Victor Strassmann, Steven D. Wexner
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  • The effect of robotic surgery on low anterior resection syndrome in patients with lower rectal cancer: a propensity score-matched analysis
    Lei Zhang, Chenhao Hu, Jiamian Zhao, Chenxi Wu, Zhe Zhang, Ruizhe Li, Ruihan Liu, Junjun She, Feiyu Shi
    Surgical Endoscopy.2024; 38(4): 1912.     CrossRef
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    Chungyeop Lee, In Ja Park
    The World Journal of Men's Health.2024; 42(2): 304.     CrossRef
  • Innovációk a colorectalis sebészetben
    Balázs Bánky, András Fülöp, Viktória Bencze, Lóránd Lakatos, Petra Rozman, Attila Szijártó
    Orvosi Hetilap.2024; 165(2): 43.     CrossRef
  • Early detection of anastomotic leakage in colon cancer surgery: the role of early warning score and C-reactive protein
    Gyung Mo Son
    Annals of Coloproctology.2024; 40(5): 415.     CrossRef
  • The Diagnosis and Evolution of Patients with LARS Syndrome: A Five-Year Retrospective Study from a Single Surgery Unit
    Cosmin Vasile Obleagă, Sergiu Marian Cazacu, Tiberiu Ștefăniță Țenea Cojan, Cecil Sorin Mirea, Dan Nicolae Florescu, Cristian Constantin, Mircea-Sebastian Șerbănescu, Mirela Marinela Florescu, Liliana Streba, Dragoș Marian Popescu, Ionică Daniel Vîlcea, M
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    Angelina Di Re, Salam Tooza, Jason Diab, Charbel Karam, Mina Sarofim, Kevin Ooi, Catherine Turner, Daniel Kozman, David Blomberg, Matthew Morgan
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  • Recycling of Iron Slag Waste in the Production of Ceramic Roof Tiles
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Original article
Defunctioning Protective Stoma Can Reduce the Rate of Anastomotic Leakage after Low Anterior Resection in Rectal Cancer Patients
Byoung Chul Lee, Seok-Byung Lim, Jong Lyul Lee, Chan Wook Kim, Yong Sik Yoon, In Ja Park, Chang Sik Yu, Jin Cheon Kim
Received October 22, 2019  Accepted November 19, 2019  Published online January 16, 2020  
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2019.11.19.1
  • 4,739 View
  • 230 Download
  • 18 Citations
AbstractAbstract PDF
PURPOSE
This study aimed to identify risk factors for anastomotic leakage and to evaluate the impact of protective stoma on the rate of anastomotic leakage and subsequent management.
METHODS
This retrospective study analyzed data from 4,282 patients who underwent low anterior resection between 2007 and 2014. Among these, 1,367 (31.9%) underwent surgery to create protective diverting stoma and 232 (5.4%) experienced anastomotic leakage. At 6-month timepoints, data were evaluated to identify any correlation between the presence of diverting stoma and the incidence of anastomotic leakage. In addition, clinicopathological parameters were investigated to identify risk factors for anastomotic leakage.
RESULTS
Diverting stomas significantly reduced the rate of anastomotic leakage [HR 0.334, 95% CI 0.212

Citations

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    Jia-Rui Liu, Jin Zhang, Xiang-Long Duan
    World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery.2025;[Epub]     CrossRef
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Original Articles
Anastomotic Sinus That Developed From Leakage After a Rectal Cancer Resection: Should We Wait for Closure of the Stoma Until the Complete Resolution of the Sinus?
Chris Tae-Young Chung, Se-Jin Baek, Jung-Myun Kwak, Jin Kim, Seon-Hahn Kim
Ann Coloproctol. 2019;35(1):30-35.   Published online January 25, 2019
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2018.08.13
  • 6,580 View
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  • 5 Web of Science
  • 5 Citations
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose
The aims of this study were to identify the clinical characteristics of an anastomotic sinus and to assess the validity of delaying stoma closure in patients until the complete resolution of an anastomotic sinus.
Methods
The subject patients are those who had undergone a resection of rectal cancer from 2011 to 2017, who had a diversion ileostomy protectively or therapeutically and who developed a sinus as a sequelae of anastomotic leakage. The primary outcomes that were measured were the incidence, management and outcomes of an anastomotic sinus.
Results
Of the 876 patients who had undergone a low anterior resection, 14 (1.6%) were found to have had an anastomotic sinus on sigmoidoscopy or a gastrografin enema before their ileostomy closure. In the 14 patients with a sinus, 7 underwent ileostomy closure as scheduled, with a mean closure time of 4.1 months. The remaining 7 patients underwent ileostomy repair, but it was delayed until after the follow-up for the widening of the sinus opening by using digital dilation, with a mean closure time of 6.9 months. Four of those remaining seven patients underwent stoma closure even though their sinus condition had not yet been completely resolved. No pelvic septic complications occurred after closure in any of the 14 patients with an anastomotic sinus, but 2 of the 14 needed a rediversion due to a severe anastomotic stricture.
Conclusion
Patients with an anastomotic sinus who had been carefully selected underwent successful ileostomy closure without delay.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by  
  • Management of Low-Rectal Anastomotic Sinus With Transanal Minimally Invasive Septotomy
    Nirvana B. Saraswat, Scott A. Brill, William E. Wise
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    Mohamed Rabie, Laura Parry, Iannish Sadien, Sandeep Kapur, Adam Stearns, Irshad Shaikh
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    Peter Kienle, Jörn Richard Magdeburg
    Der Chirurg.2021; 92(7): 605.     CrossRef
  • Response to Dioscoridi et al.
    G. I. Popivanov, V. M. Mutafchiyski, R. Cirocchi, S. D. Chipeva, V. V. Vasilev, K. T. Kjossev, M. S. Tabakov
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    Chang Hyun Kim
    Annals of Coloproctology.2019; 35(1): 1.     CrossRef
Transanal Tube Drainage as a Conservative Treatment for Anastomotic Leakage Following a Rectal Resection
Mostafa Shalaby, Waleed Thabet, Oreste Buonomo, Nicola Di Lorenzo, Mosaad Morshed, Giuseppe Petrella, Mohamed Farid, Pierpaolo Sileri
Ann Coloproctol. 2018;34(6):317-321.   Published online December 20, 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2017.10.18
  • 6,411 View
  • 179 Download
  • 11 Web of Science
  • 14 Citations
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose
We evaluate the role of transanal tube drainage (TD) as a conservative treatment for patients with anastomotic leakage (AL).
Methods
Patients treated for AL who had undergone a low or an ultralow anterior resection with colorectal or coloanal anastomosis for the treatment of rectal cancer between January 2013 and January 2017 were enrolled in this study. The data were collected prospectively and analyzed retrospectively. The primary outcomes were the diagnosis and the management of AL.
Results
Two hundred thirteen consecutive patients, 122 males and 91 females, were included. The mean age was 66.91 ± 11.15 years, and the median body mass index was 24 kg/m2 (range, 20–35 kg/m2 ). The median tumor distance from the anal verge was 8 cm (range, 4–12 cm). Ninety-three patients (44%) received neoadjuvant therapy for nodal disease and/or locally advanced rectal cancer. Only 13 patients (6%) developed AL. Six patients developed subclinical AL as they had a defunctioning ileostomy at the time of the initial procedure. They were treated conservatively with TD under endoscopic guidance in the endoscopy unit and received intravenous antibiotics. Six weeks after discharge, these 6 patients underwent follow-up flexible sigmoidoscopy which showed a completely healed anastomotic defect with no residual stenosis. Seven patients developed a clinically significant AL and required reoperation with pelvic abscess drainage and Hartmann colostomy formation.
Conclusion
These results suggest that TD for management of patients with AL is safe, cheap, and effective. Salvaging the anastomosis will help decrease the need for Hartmann colostomy formation. Proper patient selection is important.

Citations

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  • A Review of Postoperative Complications in Colon Cancer Surgery: The Need for Patient-Centered Therapy
    Adrian Silaghi, Dragos Serban, Corneliu Tudor, Bogdan Mihai Cristea, Laura Carina Tribus, Irina Shevchenko, Alexandru Florin Motofei, Crenguta Sorina Serboiu, Vlad Denis Constantin
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    Pasquale Scognamiglio, Anja Seeger, Matthias Reeh, Nathaniel Melling, Karl F Karstens, Thomas Rösch, Jakob R Izbicki, Marcus Kantowski, Michael Tachezy
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    Yuki Okazaki, Masatsune Shibutani, Hisashi Nagahara, Tatsunari Fukuoka, Yasuhito Iseki, En Wang, Kiyoshi Maeda, Kosei Hirakawa, Masaichi Ohira, Zubing Mei
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    Seok Hyeon Cho, In Kyu Lee, Yoon Suk Lee, Min Ki Kim
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    Deborah S. Keller, K. Talboom, C.P.M van Helsdingen, Roel Hompes
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    Alice Weréen, Martin Dahlberg, Göran Heinius, Emil Pieniowski, Deborah Saraste, Karolina Eklöv, Jonas Nygren, Klas Pekkari, Åsa H. Everhov
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The Usefulness of Intraoperative Colonic Irrigation and Primary Anastomosis in Patients Requiring a Left Colon Resection
Youngki Hong, Soomin Nam, Jung Gu Kang
Ann Coloproctol. 2017;33(3):106-111.   Published online June 30, 2017
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2017.33.3.106
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  • 6 Citations
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

The aim of this study is to assess the short-term outcome of intraoperative colonic irrigation and primary anastomosis and to suggest the usefulness of the procedure when a preoperative mechanical bowel preparation is inappropriate.

Methods

This retrospective study included 38 consecutive patients (19 male patients) who underwent intraoperative colonic irrigation and primary anastomosis for left colon disease between January 2010 and December 2016. The medical records of the patients were reviewed to evaluate the patients' characteristics, operative data, and postoperative short-term outcomes.

Results

Twenty-nine patients had colorectal cancer, 7 patients had perforated diverticulitis, and the remaining 2 patients included 1 with sigmoid volvulus and 1 with a perforated colon due to focal colonic ischemia. A diverting loop ileostomy was created in 4 patients who underwent a low anterior resection. Complications occurred in 15 patients (39.5%), and the majority was superficial surgical site infections (18.4%). Anastomotic leakage occurred in one patient (2.6%) who underwent an anterior resection due sigmoid colon cancer with obstruction. No significant difference in overall postoperative complications and superficial surgical site infections between patients with obstruction and those with peritonitis were noted. No mortality occurred during the first 30 postoperative days. The median hospital stay after surgery was 15 days (range, 8–39 days).

Conclusion

Intraoperative colonic irrigation and primary anastomosis seem safe and feasible in selected patients. This procedure may reduce the burden of colostomy in patients requiring a left colon resection with an inappropriate preoperative mechanical bowel preparation.

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    Christine McGough, Samuel Lentz, Laurel Berry
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Risk Factors for Anastomotic Leakage after Laparoscopic Rectal Resection
Dong Hyun Choi, Jae Kwan Hwang, Yong Tak Ko, Han Jeong Jang, Hyeon Keun Shin, Young Chan Lee, Cheong Ho Lim, Seung Kyu Jeong, Hyung Kyu Yang
J Korean Soc Coloproctol. 2010;26(4):265-273.   Published online August 31, 2010
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/jksc.2010.26.4.265
  • 6,312 View
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  • 53 Citations
AbstractAbstract PDF
Purpose

The anastomotic leakage rate after rectal resection has been reported to be approximately 2.5-21 percent, but most results were associated with open surgery. The aim of this study was to identify risk factors and their relationship to the experience of the surgeon for anastomotic leakage after laparoscopic rectal resection.

Methods

Between March 2003 and December 2008, 156 patients underwent a laparoscopic rectal resection without a diverting ileostomy. The patients' characteristics, the details of treatment, the intraoperative results, and the postoperative results were recorded prospectively. Univariate and multivariate analyses were applied to identify risk factors for anastomotic leakage.

Results

The majority of operations were performed for malignant disease (n = 150; 96.2%), and 96 patients (61.5%) were males. Conversion to open surgery occurred in 1 case (0.6%). The anastomotic leak rate was 10.3% (16/156), and there were no mortalities. In the univariate analysis, tumor location, anastomotic level, intraoperative events, and operation time were associated with increased anastomotic leakage rate. In the multivariate analysis, anastomotic level (odds ratio [OR], 6.855; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.271 to 36.964) and operation time (OR, 8.115; 95% CI, 1.982 to 33.222) were significantly associated with anastomotic leakage.

Conclusion

The important risk factors for anastomotic leakage after laparoscopic rectal resection without a diverting ileostomy were low anastomosis and long operation time. An additional procedure, such as diverting stoma, may reduce the anastomotic leakage if it is selectively applied in cases with these risk factors.

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Analysis of Anastomotic Leakage after an Anterior Resection for Rectal Cancer.
Park, Hey Won , Kim, Chang Nam , Park, Jin Seok , Kang, Yoon Jung , Cho, Byung Sun , Lee, Min Koo , Choi, Young Jin , Park, Joo Seung
J Korean Soc Coloproctol. 2009;25(5):340-346.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/jksc.2009.25.5.340
  • 1,961 View
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  • 1 Citations
AbstractAbstract PDF
PURPOSE
The aim of our study was to identify risk factors associated with anastomotic leakage (AL) after an anterior resection (high anterior resection+low anterior resection) for rectal cancer.
METHODS
Between January 1998 and December 2007, 356 patients underwent an anterior resection for rectal cancer. Early anastomotic leakage (EAL) was defined as leakage identified during hospitalization. Late anastomotic leakage (LAL) was defined as leakage identified in outpatients.
RESULTS
AL (EAL+LAL) occurred in 30 patients (8.4%, mean time: 15.4 days). Among of them, EAL occurred in 20 patients (5.6%, mean time: 5.1 days), and LAL occurred in 10 patients (2.8%, mean time: 36.0 days). In the univariate analysis, the size of the tumor, the tumor level from the anal verge, and the level of anastomosis were significantly associated with AL. In EAL, the size of the tumor, the tumor level from the anal verge, the level of anastomosis, the operation type, and the value of serum albumin on day 3 after the operation were risk factors. In LAL, the tumor level from the anal verge and the level of anastomosis were risk factors. In the multivariate analysis, tumor size >7 cm (AL: P<0.001, EAL: P<0.001) and tumor level from the anal verge < or =8 cm (AL: P=0.014, EAL: P=0.001) were independent risk factors.
CONCLUSION
AL and EAL after an anterior resection for rectal cancer were related to the size of the tumor and the level of the tumor from the anal verge.

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  • Distribution of Lymph Node Metastases Is an Independent Predictor of Survival for Sigmoid Colon and Rectal Cancer
    Jung Wook Huh, Young Jin Kim, Hyeong Rok Kim
    Annals of Surgery.2012; 255(1): 70.     CrossRef
Analysis of Results after Percutaneous Catheter Drainage for Anastomotic Leakage.
Hwang, Sang Il , Kim, Hungdai , Han, Won Kon
J Korean Soc Coloproctol. 2008;24(4):260-264.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/jksc.2008.24.4.260
  • 1,762 View
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AbstractAbstract PDF
PURPOSE
Anastomotic leakage is a serious and life- threatening complication after colorectal surgery. The management of clinical anastomotic leakage remains largely operative. The aim of this study was to analyze the clinical characteristics and the natural history of percutaneous catheter drainage (PCD) for anastomotic leakage after colorectal surgery.
METHODS
Twenty patients who were managed by PCD after anastomotic leakage between January 2002 and December 2006 were studied. Charts were reviewed for information on clinical characteristics and biolologic finding prePCD and postPCD.
RESULTS
Anastomotic leakage was managed by using only PCD in 16 of 20 patients (80%), and twenty percent of patients (4/20) were managed by using a loop ileostomy after PCD. Nine patients (45%) had peritoneal drains left in place at diagnosis. Before PCD, the mean of the peak white blood cell (WBC) was 12,800/mm3, and the mean period of fever (>38degrees C) was 3.4 (2~5) days. After PCD, the mean time until the body temperature dropped below 37oC was 3.1 (1~5) days, the mean time until the WBC count dropped below 10,000/mm3 was 3.2 (0~6) days, the mean duration of ileus and diarrhea was 3.3 (0~6) days, the mean total amount of drainage during 6 days was 880 cc, and the mean length of stay after PCD was 14.9 days.
CONCLUSIONS
PCD is a safe and effective method for treating anastomtic leakage in patients without sepsis or diffuse peritonitis and with CT scans that reveal no diffuse fluid collection.
Anastomosis Protection with Mallecot in Low Rectal Anastomosis.
Jang, Young Soo , Lim, Kyoung Hoon , Kang, Byung Mo , Choi, Gyu Seog , Jun, Soo Han
J Korean Soc Coloproctol. 2007;23(6):420-423.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/jksc.2007.23.6.420
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AbstractAbstract PDF
PURPOSE
Anastomotic leakage following surgery is one of the most significant causes of morbidity and mortality. Therefore, prevention of anastomotic leakage is crucial for safe rectal surgery. The aim of this study is to determine the effect of Mallecot(R) insertion on the prevention of anastomotic leakage after low rectal anastomosis.
METHODS
From January 2002 to December 2006, 264 rectal cancer surgeries were performed in one center and by one surgeon. Among them, 110 cases whose anastomosis was located below 6 cm from the anal verge were collected and reviewed retrospectively. We made a diverting stoma on 6 out of 20 patients with high risk of anastomotic leakage, and inserted Mallecot(R) on the remaining 14 patients transanally. Removal of Mallecot(R) was done at the 7th postoperative day after a digital rectal examination to identify the completeness of anastomosis had been performed.
RESULTS
Totally, anastomotic leakage occurred in 8 of 110 patients (73%). Among the 90 patients without any preventive measures, 7 incidents of anastomotic leakage were observed; on the other hand, 1 of 14 patients with Mallecot(R) insertion suffered anastomotic leakage. In two of the patients with leakage, including 1 in the Mallecot(R) group, the leakage was resolved via percutaneous drainage; in the other 6 patients were reoperated.
CONCLUSIONS
The importance of preventing an anastomotic leakage after low rectal surgery cannot be overemphasized to reduce morbidity and to improve the prognosis. In addition, Mallecot(R) insertion may be an alternative method for diverting stoma formation.

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  • Transanal tube placement for prevention of anastomotic leakage following low anterior resection for rectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
    Gi Won Ha, Hyun Jung Kim, Min Ro Lee
    Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research.2015; 89(6): 313.     CrossRef
Risk Factors for Anastomotic Leakage after a Low Anterior Resection for Rectal Cancer.
Yoon, Seok jun , Kim, Jin soo , Min, Byung so , Kim, Nam Kyu , Baik, Seung Hyuk , Lee, Kang Young , Sohn, Seung Kook , Cho, Jang Hwan
J Korean Soc Coloproctol. 2007;23(5):365-373.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/jksc.2007.23.5.365
  • 2,270 View
  • 16 Download
  • 4 Citations
AbstractAbstract PDF
PURPOSE
Clinical anastomotic leakage remains a major problem after a low anterior resection for rectal cancer, so indentifing risk factors influencing anastomotic leakage is important. The aim of this study was to assess the association between risk factors and anastomotic leakage.
RESULTS
One thousand two hundred eight patients underwent a primary resection for rectal cancer from June 1993 to March 2007. We used hospital records and the colorectal cancer registry to analyze retrospectively the case histories of those patients. The operations were performed using a low anterior resection with the double stapling method. All patients underwent a tumor-specific mesorectal excision. Of the total, thirty-eight patients showed anastomotic leakage. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to assess the risk factors affecting to the anastomotic leakage.
RESULTS
The rate of anastomotic leakage was 3.2% (38 of 1,208 patients) with a mortality rate of 7.9% (3 of 38 patients). The overall mortality rate was 0.3% (3 of 1,208 patients). Males accounted for 28 of the 38 patients with leakage, and female accounted for the the account for the remnant 10. The mean age was 53.7 years (33~74 years). The mean leakage day was 11.8th day (3~37th day) after the operation, and the mean hospital day was 39.2 days (7~131 days). The mean body mass index (BMI) was 22.7 kg/m2 (15.7~30.8 kg/m2). The mean operation time was 230.5 minutes (90~425 minutes), and the mean bleeding loss was 519.5 cc (0~3,500 cc).
CONCLUSIONS
Significant risk factors for anastomotic leakage after primary resection for rectal cancer were the transfusion amount during surgery, a preliminary colostomy, and nodal stage.

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    Journal of the Korean Society of Coloproctology.2010; 26(4): 265.     CrossRef
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    International Journal of Colorectal Disease.2010; 25(5): 601.     CrossRef

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