Annals of Coloproctology

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Anorectal benign disease

Cryotherapy reduces pain post-hemorrhoidectomy (CYPHER): a randomized, controlled, superiority trial of intra-anal ice after surgery for grade III hemorrhoids: Isaac Seow-En, Lionel Raphael Hui Chen, Yun Zhao, Yvonne Ying-Ru Ng, Emile Kwong-Wei Tan; Ann Coloproctol. 2025;41(6):537-544. Published online December 24, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2025.00549.0078

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material: Purpose
We aimed to determine whether intra-anal cryotherapy reduces postoperative pain in patients undergoing hemorrhoidectomy.
Methods
This randomized controlled trial was conducted from January 2023 to August 2024. Patients with symptomatic grade III hemorrhoids were randomized 1:1 to receive either 1 minute of intra-anal cryotherapy or standard postoperative care. Because cryotherapy was applied before reversal of general anesthesia, patients were blinded to treatment allocation. The primary outcome was pain at rest on postoperative day (POD) 1. Secondary outcomes included pain after defecation, time to return to work or non-work activities, 30-day complications, and compliance with analgesia. Pain was measured using the visual analog scale.
Results
A total of 50 patients were randomized (25 per group). All 50 were included in the analysis. Baseline clinicodemographic characteristics were comparable between groups. The primary outcome, POD 1 pain at rest, did not demonstrate superiority of cryotherapy compared with standard care (median 3.0 vs. 4.0, P=0.062). However, the POD 1 pain score after defecation was significantly lower with cryotherapy than without (3.0 vs. 4.0, P=0.046). On POD 2, median pain scores at rest and after defecation were both significantly lower in the cryotherapy cohort (at rest: 2.0 vs. 4.0, P=0.043; after defecation: 2.0 vs. 5.0, P=0.001).
Conclusion
Intra-anal cryotherapy significantly reduces pain after defecation in the early postoperative period following surgery for grade III hemorrhoids. Its therapeutic efficacy, ease of application, and safety support consideration for routine use. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT06005727

ERAS

Effect of continuous wound infiltration on patients using intravenous patient-controlled analgesia for pain management after reduced-port laparoscopic colorectal surgery: Hyeon Deok Choi, Sung Uk Bae; Ann Coloproctol. 2024;40(6):564-572. Published online November 22, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2023.00143.0020

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Graphical Abstract Abstract PDF

Purpose
Continuous wound infiltration (CWI) has been introduced as a component of multimodal analgesia to counteract the adverse effects of the most frequently used opioids. Advantages of reduced-port laparoscopic surgery (RPLS) include cosmetic benefits and decreased postoperative pain. We aimed to investigate the effect of CWI in patients using intravenous (IV) patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) for pain management after RPLS for colorectal cancer.
Methods
This retrospective study included 25 patients who received both CWI (0.5% ropivacaine infused over 72 hours) and IV PCA (fentanyl citrate) and 52 patients who received IV PCA alone. The primary endpoint was pain scores on postoperative days (PODs) 0, 1, and 2. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted to determine the factors affecting the pain score on POD 0.
Results
On POD 0, the mean numeric rating scale score was significantly lower in the CWI group than in the control group (3.2±0.8 vs. 3.7±0.9, P=0.042). However, the scores were comparable between the groups during the rest of the period. Within 24 hours of surgery, the CWI group consumed fewer opioids (0.7±0.9 vs. 1.3±1.1, P=0.018) and more nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (2.0±1.4 vs. 1.3±1.4, P=0.046) than the control group. Time to removal of IV PCA was significantly longer in the CWI group than in the control group (4.4±1.6 days vs. 3.4±1.0 days, P=0.016).
Conclusion
CWI with ropivacaine and IV PCA was more effective than IV PCA alone in controlling postoperative pain within 24 hours of surgery, and opioid use could be reduced further.

Citations

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Optimizing postoperative pain management in minimally invasive colorectal surgery
Soo Young Lee
Annals of Coloproctology.2024; 40(6): 525. CrossRef

ERAS

Clinical impact of a multimodal pain management protocol for loop ileostomy reversal: Jeong Sub Kim, Chul Seung Lee, Jung Hoon Bae, Seung Rim Han, Do Sang Lee, In Kyu Lee, Yoon Suk Lee, In Kyeong Kim; Ann Coloproctol. 2024;40(3):210-216. Published online June 19, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2022.01137.0162

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Graphical Abstract Abstract PDF

Purpose
As introduced, multimodal pain management bundle for ileostomy reversal may be considered to reduce postoperative pain and hospital stay. The aim of this study was to evaluate clinical efficacy of perioperative multimodal pain bundle for ileostomy.
Methods
Medical records of patients who underwent ileostomy reversal after rectal cancer surgery from April 2017 to March 2020 were analyzed. Sixty-seven patients received multimodal pain bundle protocol with ileostomy reversal (group A) and 41 patients underwent closure of ileostomy with conventional pain management (group B).
Results
Baseline characteristics, including age, sex, body mass index, American Society of Anesthesiologists classification, diabetes mellitus, and smoking history, were not significantly different between the groups. The pain score on postoperative day 1 was significant lower in group A (visual analog scale, 2.6 ± 1.3 vs. 3.2 ± 1.2; P = 0.013). Overall consumption of opioid in group A was significant less than group B (9.7 ± 9.5 vs. 21.2 ± 8.8, P < 0.001). Hospital stay was significantly shorter in group A (2.3 ± 1.5 days vs. 4.1 ± 1.5 days, P < 0.001). There were no significant differences between the groups in postoperative complication rate.
Conclusion
Multimodal pain protocol for ileostomy reversal could reduce postoperative pain, usage of opioid and hospital stay compared to conventional pain management.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Application of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery in high-risk patients undergoing colon cancer surgery: a retrospective cohort study
Reem Mohammed H. Alshiakh, In Kyeong Kim, Jung Hoon Bae, Yoon Suk Lee, In Kyu Lee
Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research.2026; 110(4): 205. CrossRef
Immunological changes and recovery-related factors in older patients with colon cancer: A pilot trial
Byeo Lee Lim, Young Il Kim, Jong Lyul Lee, Chan Wook Kim, Yong Sik Yoon, Yousun Ko, Kyung Won Kim, In Ja Park
Journal of Geriatric Oncology.2025; 16(3): 102200. CrossRef
Quadratus lumborum block for postoperative pain management in patients undergoing ileostomy closure: a prospective, randomized controlled trial
Su Jin Kang, Soo Yeun Park, Jun Seok Park, Jinseok Yeo
Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science.2025; 43: 5. CrossRef
Multimodal analgesia for postoperative pain: pursuing liberation from pain, not redemption
Soo Yeun Park
Annals of Coloproctology.2024; 40(3): 189. CrossRef
Clinical outcomes and future directions of enhanced recovery after surgery in colorectal surgery: a narrative review
Ji Hyeong Song, Minsung Kim
The Ewha Medical Journal.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Optimizing postoperative pain management in minimally invasive colorectal surgery
Soo Young Lee
Annals of Coloproctology.2024; 40(6): 525. CrossRef

Benign diesease & IBD,Rare disease & stoma

Determining the etiology of small bowel obstruction in patients without intraabdominal operative history: a retrospective study: Youngjin Jang, Sung Min Jung, Tae Gil Heo, Pyong Wha Choi, Jae Il Kim, Sung-Won Jung, Heungman Jun, Yong Chan Shin, Eunhae Um; Ann Coloproctol. 2022;38(6):423-431. Published online December 8, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2021.00710.0101

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9 Web of Science
9 Citations

Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

Purpose
Most of the causes of small bowel obstruction (SBO) in patients without a history of abdominal surgery are unclear at initial assessment. This study was conducted to identify the etiology and clinical characteristics of SBO in virgin abdomens and discuss the proper management.
Methods
A retrospective review involving operative cases of SBO from a single institute, which had no history of abdominal surgery, was conducted between January 2010 and December 2020. Clinical information, including radiological, operative, and pathologic findings, was investigated to determine the etiology of SBO.
Results
A total of 55 patients were included in this study, with a median age of 57 years and male sex (63.6%) constituting the majority. The most frequently reported symptoms were abdominal pain and nausea or vomiting. Neoplasm as an underlying cause accounted for 34.5% of the cases, of which 25.5% were malignant cases. In patients aged ≥60 years (n=23), small bowel neoplasms were the underlying cause in 12 (52.2%), of whom 9 (39.1%) were malignant cases. Adhesions and Crohn disease were more frequent in patients aged <60 years. Coherence between preoperative computed tomography scans and intraoperative findings was found in 63.6% of the cases.
Conclusion
There were various causes of surgical cases of SBO in virgin abdomens. In older patients, hidden malignancy should be considered as a possible cause of SBO in a virgin abdomen. Patients with symptoms of recurrent bowel obstruction who have no history of prior abdominal surgery require thorough medical history and close follow-up.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Aetiologies and prognosis of small bowel obstruction in virgin abdomen: a retrospective cohort study
Yawei Qian, Yanhui Zhu, Xiaochun Ping
World Journal of Emergency Surgery.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Outcomes of Small Bowel Obstruction in Patients With No Prior Surgery: A Systematic Review
Kyle D. Klingbeil, Ami Hayashi, Erik Balians, Robert E. Johnson, Edward Livingston
Journal of Surgical Research.2026; 319: 185. CrossRef
Outcomes of small bowel obstruction management in previously unoperated patients with a mid-term follow-up: a retrospective cohort study
Liis Jaanimäe, Urmas Lepner, Ülle Kirsimägi, Virve Saarevet, Ceith Nikkolo
BMC Surgery.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Postoperative morbidity following surgery for mechanical adhesive small bowel obstruction: prevalence, risk factors and clinical outcomes
Timur Buniatov, Matthias Maak, Axel Denz, Christian Krautz, Georg F. Weber, Robert Grützmann, Anke Mittelstädt, Maximilian Brunner
BMC Surgery.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
From ruptured ovarian cyst to ileo-ileal knotting: a case of diagnostic dilemma
Eyob Ayenew Engidaw, Kinfemicheal Tilahun Yigzaw, Bethlehem Aliye Asfaw, Eyosias Mesfin Belayneh, Alemu Demeke Yehuala, Cheru Lilay Gebrehiwet
Journal of Surgical Case Reports.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Mesothelial cell responses to acute appendicitis or small bowel obstruction reactive ascites: Insights into immunoregulation of abdominal adhesion
Melissa A. Hausburg, Kaysie L. Banton, Christopher D. Cassidy, Robert M. Madayag, Carlos H. Palacio, Jason S. Williams, Raphael Bar-Or, Rebecca J. Ryznar, David Bar-Or, Eliseo A. Eugenin
PLOS ONE.2025; 20(1): e0317056. CrossRef
Spontaneous Right-Sided Diaphragmatic Hernia: A Rare Cause of Small Bowel Obstruction
Phoebe Douzenis, Ali Yasen Y Mohamedahmed, Sreekanth Sukumaran, Zbigniew Muras, Najam Husain
Cureus.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Small bowel obstruction on food impaction after binge eating
E Van Eecke, L Crapé, I Colle
Acta Gastro Enterologica Belgica.2024; 87(3): 427. CrossRef
Colonic pseudo-obstruction in a patient with dyssynergic defecation: A case report
Yejun Jeong, Yongjae Kim, Wonhyun Kim, Seoyeon Park, Su-Jin Shin, Eun Jung Park
International Journal of Surgery Case Reports.2022; 98: 107524. CrossRef

Longer withdrawal time is not associated with increased patient discomfort in colonoscopy: a retrospective observational study: Kenichiro Majima, Yosuke Muraki; Ann Coloproctol. 2023;39(1):71-76. Published online September 7, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2021.00388.0055

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Abstract PDF

Purpose
Withdrawal time of sufficient length is a quality indicator for colonoscopies. Nonetheless, whether extending the withdrawal time contributes to patient discomfort remains unknown. This study aimed to clarify the relationship between colonoscopy withdrawal time and patient discomfort.
Methods
A cohort of consecutive patients who underwent colonoscopy at a single institution from October 2018 to January 2020 was retrospectively analyzed. Initially, the relationship between the mean withdrawal time for each colonoscopist in no-finding examinations and polyp detection rate was investigated in 2,043 patients. Subsequently, the primary outcome of association between withdrawal time and patient discomfort, as determined by patient questionnaire, was assessed for each examination in 481 patients from the initial cohort.
Results
The mean withdrawal time was strongly correlated with polyp detection rate (correlation coefficient, 0.72; P<0.001). In contrast, longer withdrawal time was not associated with increased discomfort; however, there was a weak inverse correlation between patient discomfort and longer withdrawal time (correlation coefficient, –0.25; P<0.001). Similarly, multiple regression analysis adjusted for confounding variables revealed that longer withdrawal time was not associated with increased patient discomfort (regression coefficient, –0.04 for each 1-minute increase in the length of withdrawal time; P=0.45).
Conclusion
This study showed for the first time that longer withdrawal times did not result in increased discomfort, indicating that withdrawal time can be extended to sufficient length for optimal patient examination and polyp detection.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Association between Examination Time and Discomfort in Unsedated Esophagogastroduodenoscopy: A Prospective Observational Study
Kenichiro Majima, Takeshi Shimamoto, Yosuke Muraki
GE - Portuguese Journal of Gastroenterology.2026; 33(1): 367. CrossRef
Impact of withdrawal time on the adenoma detection rate in elderly patients during unsedated colonoscopy: a retrospective multicenter study
Fu-qiang Liu, Ying-hao He, Han Yan, Jin-wen Liao, Wen-juan Ding, Yu-ting Huang, Zhi-qiang Du, Xiang-rong Zhou, Zheng Jiang
BMC Gastroenterology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Does longer withdrawal time increase discomfort?
Kenichiro Majima, Yosuke Muraki
Digestive Endoscopy.2024; 36(4): 496. CrossRef

Benign proctology

Long-term outcomes after anal fistula surgery: results from two university hospitals in Thailand: Weeraput Chadbunchachai, Varut Lohsiriwat, Krisada Paonariang; Ann Coloproctol. 2022;38(2):133-140. Published online June 7, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2021.01.06

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7 Citations

Abstract PDF

Purpose
This study aimed to evaluate long-term outcomes after anal fistula surgery from university hospitals in Thailand.
Methods
A prospectively collected database of patients with cryptoglandular anal fistula undergoing surgery from 2011 to 2017 in 2 university hospitals was reviewed. Outcomes were treatment failure (persistent or recurrent fistula), fecal continence status, and chronic postsurgical pain.
Results
This study included 247 patients; 178 (72.1%) with new anal fistula and 69 (27.9%) with recurrent fistula. One hundred twenty-one patients (49.0%) had complex fistula; 53 semi-horseshoe (21.5%), 41 high transsphincteric (16.6%), 24 horseshoe (9.7%), and 3 suprasphincteric (1.2%). Ligation of intersphincteric fistula tract (LIFT) was the most common operation performed (n=88, 35.6%) followed by fistulotomy (n=79, 32.0%). With a median follow-up of 23 months (interquartile range, 12–45 months), there were 18 persistent fistulas (7.3%) and 33 recurrent fistulae (13.4%)—accounting for 20.6% overall failure. All recurrence occurred within 24 months postoperatively. Complex fistula was the only significant predictor for recurrent fistula with a hazard ratio of 4.81 (95% confidence interval, 1.82–12.71). There was no significant difference in healing rates of complex fistulas among seton staged fistulotomy (85.0%), endorectal advancement flap (72.7%), and LIFT (65.9%) (P=0.239). Four patients (1.6%) experienced chronic postsurgical pain. Seventeen patients (6.9%) reported worse fecal continence.
Conclusion
Overall failure for anal fistula surgery was 20.6%. Complex fistula was the only predictor for recurrent fistula. At least 2-year period of follow-up is suggested for detecting recurrent diseases and assessing patient-reported outcomes such as chronic pain and continence status.

Citations

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Sphincter-preserving total fistulectomy: promising outcomes but questions remain
Semra Demirli Atici, Nurhilal KIZILTOPRAK, Yasemin Yildirim
Updates in Surgery.2026; 78(2): 669. CrossRef
Patterns and Outcomes of Treatment Failure After Ligation of Intersphincteric Fistula Tract for Cryptoglandular Anal Fistula: Analysis of 200 Failed Ligation of the Intersphincteric Fistula Tract Cases
Varut Lohsiriwat, Romyen Jitmungngan, Worrawit Wanitsuwan, Siripong Sirikurnpiboon, Weeraput Chadbunchachai, Punnawat Chandrachamnong, Pornraksa Ovartchaiyapong
Diseases of the Colon & Rectum.2026; 69(5): 801. CrossRef
Time-Dependent Gene Expression Patterns in Epidermal Wound Healing: Mechanistic Insights into Cayratia japonica Hydrogel Intervention After Anal Fistula Surgery
Qi Chen, Yi Hou, Sulaiman Abdulrasol, Rong He, Tingting Liu, Yin Xu, Jiawen Luo, Kuniyoshi Shimizu, Yang Ruan, Xueping Zheng, Chaofeng Zhang
Journal of Ethnopharmacology.2026; : 121924. CrossRef
The Clinical Utility of Anorectal Manometry: A Review of Current Practices
Eleanor Aubrey Belilos, Zoë Post, Sierra Anderson, Mark DeMeo
Gastro Hep Advances.2025; 4(2): 100562. CrossRef
Mucosal advancement flap versus ligation of the inter-sphincteric fistula tract for management of trans-sphincteric perianal fistulas in the elderly: a retrospective study
Tamer A. A. M. Habeeb, Massimo Chiaretti, Igor A. Kryvoruchko, Antonio Pesce, Aristotelis Kechagias, Abd Al-Kareem Elias, Abdelmonem A. M. Adam, Mohamed A. Gadallah, Saad Mohamed Ali Ahmed, Ahmed Khyrallh, Mohammed H. Alsayed, Esmail Tharwat Kamel Awad, M
International Journal of Colorectal Disease.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Exploring Health-Related Quality of Life in Patients with Anal Fistulas: A Comprehensive Study
Tudor Mateescu, Lazar Fulger, Durganjali Tummala, Aditya Nelluri, Manaswini Kakarla, Lavinia Stelea, Catalin Dumitru, George Noditi, Amadeus Dobrescu, Cristian Paleru, Ana-Olivia Toma
Life.2023; 13(10): 2008. CrossRef
Lower Fistula Recurrence with Pulling Seton: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Ahmad Izadpanah, Ali Reza Safarpour, Mohammad Rezazadehkermani, Ali Zahedian, Reza Barati-Boldaji
Shiraz E-Medical Journal.2022;[Epub] CrossRef

Benign GI diease,Benign diesease & IBD,Postoperative outcome & ERAS,Minimally invasive surgery

Comparing the Postoperative Outcomes of Single-Incision Laparoscopic Appendectomy and Three Port Appendectomy With Enhanced Recovery After Surgery Protocol for Acute Appendicitis: A Propensity Score Matching Analysis: Won Jong Kim, Hyeong Yong Jin, Hyojin Lee, Jung Hoon Bae, Wooree Koh, Ji Yeon Mun, Hee Ju Kim, In Kyu Lee, Yoon Suk Lee, Chul Seung Lee; Ann Coloproctol. 2021;37(4):232-238. Published online September 30, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2020.09.15

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24 Citations

Abstract PDF

Purpose
The objective of this study was to compare the perioperative outcomes between single-incision laparoscopic appendectomy (SILA) and 3-port conventional laparoscopic appendectomy (CLA) in enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocol.
Methods
Of 101 laparoscopic appendectomy with ERAS protocol cases for appendicitis from March 2019 to April 2020, 54 patients underwent SILA with multimodal analgesic approach (group 1) while 47 patients received CLA with multimodal analgesic approach (group 2). SILA and CLA were compared with the single institution’s ERAS protocol. To adjust for baseline differences and selection bias, operative outcomes and complications were compared after propensity score matching (PSM).
Results
After 1:1 PSM, well-matched 35 patients in each group were evaluated. Postoperative hospital stays for patients in group 1 (1.2 ± 0.8 vs. 1.6 ± 0.8 days, P = 0.037) were significantly lesser than those for patients in group 2. However, opioid consumption (2.0 mg vs. 1.4 mg, P=0.1) and the postoperative scores of visual analogue scale for pain at 6 hours (2.4±1.9 vs. 2.8 ± 1.4, P = 0.260) and 12 hours (2.4 ± 2.0 vs. 2.9 ± 1.5, P = 0.257) did not show significant difference between the 2 groups.
Conclusion
SILA resulted in shortening the length of hospitalization without increase in complications or readmission rates compared to CLA with ERAS protocol.

Citations

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Evolving Paradigms in Minimal Access Surgery: A Comprehensive Review of Single-Incision Laparoscopic Appendicectomy
Divyakant H Barot, Minesh Sindhal, Priyanka Aanandaka, Nidhi D Gheewala, Parmar Bhargav
Cureus.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Meta-analysis of single-incision versus three-port laparoscopic appendectomy comparing operation time and postoperative pain
Kyung-Goo Lee, Min Ki Kim, Jong Seob Park, Areum Han, Seokyung Hahn
International Journal of Surgery.2026; 112(1): 1737. CrossRef
DaVinci SP robotic TEP hernia repair of a long-standing bilateral inguinal hernia using the "Hansol-roll" self-gripping mesh technique
Young Sun Choi, Gwan Chul Lee, Choon Sik Chung, Chul Seung Lee
Asian Journal of Surgery.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Swedish national guidelines for diagnosis and management of acute appendicitis in adults and children
Martin Salö, Catarina Tiselius, Anders Rosemar, Elin Öst, Sara Sohlberg, Roland E Andersson
BJS Open.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Single-incision versus conventional multi-incision laparoscopic appendicectomy for suspected uncomplicated appendicitis
Ahmer Irfan, Ahsan Rao, Irfan Ahmed
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Perioperative outcomes of laparoscopic low anterior resection using ArtiSential® versus robotic approach in patients with rectal cancer: a propensity score matching analysis
I. K. Kim, C. S. Lee, J. H. Bae, S. R. Han, W. Alshalawi, B. C. Kim, I. K. Lee, D. S. Lee, Y. S. Lee
Techniques in Coloproctology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Challenging issues of implementing enhanced recovery after surgery programs in South Korea
Soo-Hyuk Yoon, Ho-Jin Lee
Anesthesia and Pain Medicine.2024; 19(1): 24. CrossRef
A Single Site Approach to Appendicitis: A Review of a Single Center
Yoshito Tsuji, Yujiro Nishizawa, Yuki Ozato, Akira Inoue, Yoshinori Kagawa
Nippon Daicho Komonbyo Gakkai Zasshi.2024; 77(3): 161. CrossRef
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Gwan Chul Lee, Dong Woo Kang, Choon Sik Chung, Chul Seung Lee
Asian Journal of Surgery.2024; 47(7): 3272. CrossRef
Comparison between liquid skin adhesive and wound closure strip for skin closure after subcuticular suturing in single-port laparoscopic appendectomy: a single-center retrospective study in Korea
Kyeong Eui Kim, Yu Ra Jeon, Sung Uk Bae, Woon Kyung Jeong, Seong Kyu Baek
Journal of Minimally Invasive Surgery.2024; 27(1): 14. CrossRef
Progress in Clinical Treatment of Uncomplicated Acute Appendicitis in Children
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Advances in Clinical Medicine.2024; 14(04): 471. CrossRef
Single-incision laparoscopic total extraperitoneal inguinal-hernia repair using the new articulating instruments: A video vignette
Chul Seung Lee, Gwan Chul Lee, Choon Sik Chung, Dong Keun Lee
Asian Journal of Surgery.2024; 47(8): 3586. CrossRef
Single-incision versus conventional multi-incision laparoscopic appendicectomy for suspected uncomplicated appendicitis
Ahmer Irfan, Ahsan Rao, Irfan Ahmed
Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Clinical Outcomes of Single-incision Laparoscopic Appendectomy Versus Conventional Laparoscopic Appendectomy in Adult Acute Appendicitis
SHINTARO KOHAMA, KUNIHIKO NAGAKARI, MASAKAZU OHUCHI, KAZUHIRO TAKEHARA, KUMPEI HONJO, SHUN ISHIYAMA, KIICHI SUGIMOTO, SHINICHI OKA, JIRO YOSHIMOTO, MASAKI FUKUNAGA, YOICHI ISHIZAKI, KAZUHIRO SAKAMOTO
Juntendo Medical Journal.2024; 70(6): 436. CrossRef
Risk factors for prolonged hospitalization and delayed treatment completion after laparoscopic appendectomy in patients with uncomplicated acute appendicitis
Jiyoung Shin, Myong Hoon Ihn, Kyung Sik Kim, Sang Hyun Kim, Jihyoun Lee, Sangchul Yun, Sung Woo Cho
Annals of Coloproctology.2023; 39(1): 50. CrossRef
A prospective randomized controlled study comparing patient-reported scar evaluation of single-port versus multiport laparoscopic appendectomy for acute appendicitis
Kyeong Eui Kim, In Soo Cho, Sung Uk Bae, Woon Kyung Jeong, Hyung Jin Kim, Seong Kyu Baek
Journal of Minimally Invasive Surgery.2023; 26(2): 55. CrossRef
The Latest Results and Future Directions of Research for Enhanced Recovery after Surgery in the Field of Colorectal Surgery
Min Ki Kim
The Ewha Medical Journal.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Analyzing the conversion factors associated with switching from a single-incision, one-puncture procedure to a two-site, three-port procedure in pediatric laparoscopic appendectomy
Keisuke Yano, Mitsuru Muto, Toshio Harumatsu, Taichiro Nagai, Masakazu Murakami, Chihiro Kedoin, Ayaka Nagano, Mayu Matsui, Koshiro Sugita, Shun Onishi, Koji Yamada, Waka Yamada, Makoto Matsukubo, Tatsuru Kaji, Satoshi Ieiri
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Laparoscopic Appendectomy Using the Surgical-Glove Port Through an Umbilical Incision: A Single-Center Retrospective Study
Tran Que Son, Tran Hieu Hoc, Vu Duc Long, Tran Thanh Tung, Nguyen Minh Tuan, Bui Minh Hue, Nguyen Van Minh, Nguyen Toan Thang
Cureus.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
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Dongjun Kim, Chul Seung Lee
Asian Journal of Surgery.2022; 45(10): 2062. CrossRef
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Changjia Li, Yukun Liu, Yumin Jiang, Yongjing Xu, Zhiwei Wang
International Journal of Colorectal Disease.2022; 37(9): 1925. CrossRef
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Abhijit Nair, Hamed Humayid Mohammed Al-Aamri, Osama Azmy Ishaq, Parwez Waseemul Haque
Journal of Acute Disease.2022; 11(5): 173. CrossRef
Robot-Assisted Colorectal Surgery
Young Il Kim
The Ewha Medical Journal.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Enhanced recovery after surgery: importance of compliance audits
Jung Hoon Bae
Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2021; 64(12): 820. CrossRef

Benign proctology,Postoperative outcome & ERAS

Is There a Relationship Between Stool Consistency and Pain at First Defecation After Limited Half Hemorrhoidectomy? A Pilot Study: Takaaki Yano; Ann Coloproctol. 2021;37(5):306-310. Published online September 18, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2020.08.10

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Abstract PDF

Purpose
While the first defecation pain is a problem following hemorrhoidectomy, it is unknown whether the stool consistency has an influence on pain. This pilot study aimed to investigate whether the intensity of defecation pain varied according to stool consistency.
Methods
This prospective cohort study evaluated patients who underwent hemorrhoidectomy in combination with injection sclerotherapy for grade III or IV hemorrhoids. The pain intensity and stool form during the first postoperative defecation were self-recorded by the patients using a visual analogue scale (score of 0–10) and Bristol Stool Form Scale, respectively. The patients were classified into 3 groups according to stool consistency, and the intensity of defecation pain was compared among the groups using analysis of variance.
Results
A total of 61 patients were eligible for this study and were classified into the hard stool (n=15), normal stool (n=21), and soft stool groups (n=25). No significant intergroup differences were identified in the intensity of pain at defecation (P=0.29).
Conclusion
This pilot study demonstrated that there were no clear differences in pain intensity during the first defecation after surgery among the 3 groups with different levels of stool consistency.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Comparison of oral ketorolac and oral magnesium for postoperative pain management in anorectal surgery: A randomized double-blind clinical trial
Seyed Jalal Eshagh Hoseini, Farzaneh Sadat Ghazi, Mohsen Eshraghi, Mostafa Vahedian, Mohammad Reza Pashaei, Mojdeh Bahadorzadeh, Sajjad Ahmadpour
Journal of International Medical Research.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Pain at the First Post-hemorrhoidectomy Defecation Is Associated with Stool Form
Takaaki Yano, Daijiro Kabata, Seiichi Kimura
Journal of the Anus, Rectum and Colon.2022; 6(3): 168. CrossRef
Treatment of Hemorrhoid in Unusual Condition-Pregnancy
Hyo Seon Ryu
The Ewha Medical Journal.2022;[Epub] CrossRef

Review

Benign proctology

Metronidazole in the Management of Post-Open Haemorrhoidectomy Pain: Systematic Review: Angelina Di Re, James Wei Tatt Toh, Jonathan Iredell, Grahame Ctercteko; Ann Coloproctol. 2020;36(1):5-11. Published online February 29, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2020.01.08

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Abstract PDF

Purpose
Open haemorrhoidectomy is associated with significant postoperative pain. Metronidazole is commonly prescribed in the postoperative period as an adjunct to analgesia in pain management.
Methods
In our systematic review, studies were identified using PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase/Ovid and Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials databases. Studies were included if they were randomised controlled trials (RCTs) involving interventions with oral metronidazole at any dose over any time period. The primary outcome was pain score (visual analogue scale, VAS) after open haemorrhoidectomy. Secondary outcomes included time to return to normal daily activities, additional analgesia usage, and postoperative complications.
Results
Of 14 RCTs reviewed, 4 met inclusion criteria and were selected. The studies comprised 336 study subjects and 169 subjects were randomised to metronidazole while 167 were in the control group. There was a significant reduction in VAS across all time points, with maximal reduction seen on day 5 posthaemorrhoidectomy (mean difference, -2.28; 95% confidence interval, -2.49 to -2.08; P < 0.001). There was no difference in incidence of complications (P = 0.13). The Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool showed 3 of 4 of the studies had a risk of bias.
Conclusion
Metronidazole may be associated with decreased pain but there is insufficient evidence from RCTs to provide a strong grade of recommendation. Further RCTs are required.

Citations

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Hemorrhoidal Disease
Jean H. Ashburn
JAMA.2025; 334(17): 1541. CrossRef
Role of antibiotics in Milligan-Morgan hemorrhoidectomy for Grade III to IV Hemorrhoids: A randomized clinical trial
Jiali Liu, Lei Lv, Hai-hua Qian, Ping-Liang Sun, Dan Zhang
Asian Journal of Surgery.2024; 47(1): 169. CrossRef
Topical metronidazole after haemorrhoidectomy to reduce postoperative pain: a systematic review
Chiara Eberspacher, Domenico Mascagni, Stefano Pontone, Francesco Leone Arcieri, Stefano Arcieri
Updates in Surgery.2024; 76(4): 1161. CrossRef
Conventional Excisional Haemorrhoidectomy versus Transanal Haemorrhoidal Dearterialization for Haemorrhoids: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Juliana Jee, Lauren Vourneen O’Connell, Ishapreet Kaur, Shaheel Mohammad Sahebally
Digestive Surgery.2024; 41(4): 204. CrossRef
Strategies to Reduce Post-Hemorrhoidectomy Pain: A Systematic Review
Varut Lohsiriwat, Romyen Jitmungngan
Medicina.2022; 58(3): 418. CrossRef
Topical Versus Oral Metronidazole After Excisional Hemorrhoidectomy: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial
Weisi Xia, Ahmed W.H. Barazanchi, Wiremu S. MacFater, Andrew D. MacCormick, Darren Svirskis, Tarik Sammour, Andrew G. Hill
Diseases of the Colon & Rectum.2022; 65(11): 1362. CrossRef
Treatment of Hemorrhoid in Unusual Condition-Pregnancy
Hyo Seon Ryu
The Ewha Medical Journal.2022;[Epub] CrossRef

Case Report

Benign proctology,Rare disease & stoma

Extraperitoneal Spread of Anorectal Abscess: A Case Report and Literature Review: Papadopoulos S. Konstantinos, Dimopoulos Andreas, Kordeni Kleoniki, Filis Dimitrios; Ann Coloproctol. 2021;37(Suppl 1):S11-S14. Published online January 31, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2020.01.20

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Abstract PDF

Supralevator abscess is a rare form of anorectal disease responsible for very rare but morbid manifestations, one of which is superior spread through fascial planes. We present a rare case of a spreading anorectal abscess in a patient who presented with only diffuse abdominal pain, and we review similar cases in the literature according to anatomical considerations, presentation, diagnostic procedures, and treatment options. We identified 7 previously reported cases of spreading anorectal abscesses. Most abscesses had a horseshoe morphology, and all patients presented or developed abdominal pain. All patients had perianal swelling and pain. Five out of 7 patients were previously mistreated. Only 2 abscesses spread through both the pre- and retroperitoneal planes. Abdominal pain is a dominant feature of extraperitoneal inflammation originating from anorectal abscesses. The absence of perianal signs is rare, and proper inspection of the patient along with the medical history can lead to quicker diagnosis and decisive treatment.

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A case of supralevator abscesses involving the prostate and rectum with the formation of a deep and concealed fistula
Feng Chen, Xudan Weng, Yan Li, Jianquan Zhong
Asian Journal of Surgery.2026; 49(2): 1098. CrossRef
Fused Ischiorectal Phlegmon with Pre- and Retroperitoneal Extension: Case Report and Narrative Literature Review
Laurențiu Augustus Barbu, Liviu Vasile, Liliana Cercelaru, Ionică-Daniel Vîlcea, Valeriu Șurlin, Stelian-Stefaniță Mogoantă, Gabriel Florin Răzvan Mogoș, Tiberiu Stefăniță Țenea Cojan, Nicolae-Dragoș Mărgăritescu
Journal of Clinical Medicine.2025; 14(14): 4959. CrossRef
Ischiorectal abscess with retroperitoneal extension: masquerading as an appendicular abscess
Kalyani Dnyaneshwar Aher, Minakshi Gadhire, Naman Jain, Prafulla Salunkhe
International Surgery Journal.2025; 12(10): 1886. CrossRef
Innovative dual-access surgical strategy for advanced pelvic Fournier’s gangrene: a retrospective study assessing combined suprapubic and transsacral debridement
Zhi-Min Liu, Guo-Zhong Xiao, Jie Huang, Xin Jin, Neng-Sheng Lai, Xing-Yang Wan, Hong-Cheng Lin
BMC Gastroenterology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Perirectal Abscess with Anterior Extension to the Extraperitoneum and Space of Retzius: A Case Report
Hsiang Teng, Po-Hsien Wu
Medicina.2024; 60(2): 293. CrossRef
A Clinical-Anatomical-Radiological Study of Extraperitoneal Spaces: A Case Series
Giridhar Ashwath, Eshwar Kathiresan Manasijan, Logeshbalaji Seelampatti Palanisamy, Anthony P Rozario, Nachiket Shankar
Cureus.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Complex Tunneling Perirectal Abscess: Intra-abdominal and Extraperitoneal Extension of a Persistent Perirectal Abscess
Abenezer S Tedla, Harsh R Parikh, Savni Satoskar, Jigyasha Pradhan, Shailja Kataria, Vinayak S Gowda
Cureus.2024;[Epub] CrossRef

Original Articles

Benign GI diease, Functional outcomes

The Effects of Preoperative Pain Education on the Decision to Discharge Patients Following Single-Incision Laparoscopic Appendectomy: Ji Won Seo, Moon Jin Kim, Sung-Hoon Yoon, Kwang Yeol Paik, Sun Min Park, Won Kyung Kang, Dosang Lee, Chul Seung Lee; Ann Coloproctol. 2020;36(6):398-402. Published online January 24, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2020.01.16

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

Purpose
Few studies have analyzed the effects of preoperative pain education on the postoperative decision to discharge. The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of pain education and management on the decision to discharge patients after single-incision laparoscopic appendectomy (SILA).
Methods
We analyzed 135 patients who had undergone SILA for acute appendicitis between March 2017 and April 2018 in a single medical center. Of these, 72 patients (53.3%) had received preoperative pain education (group 1), and 63 (46.7%) had not (group 2). We compared perioperative outcomes and complications between the groups.
Results
Baseline characteristics of sex, age, body mass index, American Society of Anesthesiologist score, and systemic inflammation factors (neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio, C-reactive protein level) did not differ significantly between the groups. There were no postoperative complications for patients in either group. Perioperative consequences and pathologic findings were not significantly different between the groups; however, length of hospital was significantly shorter in group 1.
Conclusion
Preoperative pain education in relation to postoperative pain management influenced the decision to shorten the postoperative hospital length of stay after SILA.

Citations

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Perioperative outcomes of laparoscopic low anterior resection using ArtiSential® versus robotic approach in patients with rectal cancer: a propensity score matching analysis
I. K. Kim, C. S. Lee, J. H. Bae, S. R. Han, W. Alshalawi, B. C. Kim, I. K. Lee, D. S. Lee, Y. S. Lee
Techniques in Coloproctology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Effect of continuous wound infiltration on patients using intravenous patient-controlled analgesia for pain management after reduced-port laparoscopic colorectal surgery
Hyeon Deok Choi, Sung Uk Bae
Annals of Coloproctology.2024; 40(6): 564. CrossRef
Relationship Between Appendectomy Incidence and Computed Tomography Scans Based on Korean Nationwide Data, 2003–2017
Ki Bum Park, Jinwook Hong, Jong Youn Moon, Jaehun Jung, Ho Seok Seo
Journal of Korean Medical Science.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Wound Irrigation Using Wet Gauze May Reduce Surgical Site Infection Following Laparoscopic Appendectomy
Abdullah Al-Sawat, Ji Yeon Mun, Sung Hoon Yoon, Chul Seung Lee
Frontiers in Surgery.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Surgical rectus sheath block combined with multimodal pain management reduces postoperative pain and analgesic requirement after single-incision laparoscopic appendectomy: a retrospective study
Won Jong Kim, Ji Yeon Mun, Hee Ju Kim, Sung-Hoon Yoon, Seung-Rim Han, Jung Hoon Bae, In Kyu Lee, Yoon Suk Lee, Do Sang Lee, Chul Seung Lee
International Journal of Colorectal Disease.2021; 36(1): 75. CrossRef
Clinical effect of multimodal perioperative pain management protocol for minimally invasive colorectal cancer surgery: Propensity score matching study
Chul Seung Lee, Soo Ji Park, Sang Hyun Hong, Jung-Woo Shim, Min Suk Chae, Seung-Rim Han, Jung Hoon Bae, In Kyu Lee, Dosang Lee, Yoon Suk Lee, Seong Taek Oh
Asian Journal of Surgery.2021; 44(2): 471. CrossRef
Comparing the Postoperative Outcomes of Single-Incision Laparoscopic Appendectomy and Three Port Appendectomy With Enhanced Recovery After Surgery Protocol for Acute Appendicitis: A Propensity Score Matching Analysis
Won Jong Kim, Hyeong Yong Jin, Hyojin Lee, Jung Hoon Bae, Wooree Koh, Ji Yeon Mun, Hee Ju Kim, In Kyu Lee, Yoon Suk Lee, Chul Seung Lee
Annals of Coloproctology.2021; 37(4): 232. CrossRef

Impact of Patient’s Pain and Fatigue on Decision of Discharge After Laparoscopic Surgery for Colorectal Cancer: Gyeora Lee, Jun-Suh Lee, Ji Hoon Kim, Duk Yeon Hwang, Yoon-Suk Lee; Ann Coloproctol. 2019;35(4):209-215. Published online August 31, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2018.11.29

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Abstract PDF

Purpose
Hospital stays after laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer tend to be much shorter than those after conventional open surgery. Many factors, including surgical outcomes and complications, are associated with patient discharge planning. However, few studies have analyzed the impact of patient subjective discomfort (including pain and fatigue) on the decision to discharge after surgery. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine how patient pain and fatigue play a role in the decision to discharge after laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer.
Methods
Between March 2014 and February 2015, we conducted a questionnaire survey of 91 patients who underwent laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancer to estimate the expectation criteria for discharge and patient subjective discomfort at that time. Patients were divided into the following 2 groups: group A, those who complied with the medical professional’s decision to discharge; and group B, those who refused discharge despite the medical professional’s decision. The participants’ subjective factors were analyzed.
Results
Preoperatively, 78 of 91 patients (85.7%) identified activity level, amount of food (tolerance), and bowel movements as important factors that should be considered in the decision to discharge a patient postoperatively. Postoperatively, 17 patients (18.7%) refused discharge despite a discharge recommendation. Subjective pain and fatigue were significantly different in linear-by-linear association between the group of patients who agreed to be discharge and those who disagreed. Despite this difference, there was no significant difference in mean length of hospital stay between the 2 groups.
Conclusion
A patient’s subjective feelings of pain and fatigue can impact their decision regarding hospital discharge.

Citations

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Effect of continuous wound infiltration on patients using intravenous patient-controlled analgesia for pain management after reduced-port laparoscopic colorectal surgery
Hyeon Deok Choi, Sung Uk Bae
Annals of Coloproctology.2024; 40(6): 564. CrossRef
The Impact of an Enhanced Recovery Protocol in a High-Risk Population Undergoing Colon Cancer Surgery
Denise L. Wong, Alexis Holland, Mehmet Kocak, Mace Coday, Caroline Brown, Justin J. Monroe, Nathan M. Hinkle, Jeremiah L. Deneve, Evan S. Glazer, David Shibata
The American Surgeon™.2023; 89(11): 4485. CrossRef
Effectiveness of Aromatherapy on Ameliorating Fatigue in Adults: A Meta-Analysis
Qiuting Wang, Lin Wei, Yueming Luo, Lijun Lin, Chong Deng, Ping Hu, Lijia Zhu, Yangchen Liu, Meizhen Lin, Azizah Ugusman
Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine.2022; 2022: 1. CrossRef
Reducing hospital stay for colorectal surgery in ERAS setting by means of perioperative patient education of expected day of discharge
Thaís T. T. Tweed, Carmen Woortman, Stan Tummers, Maikel J. A. M. Bakens, James van Bastelaar, Jan H. M. B. Stoot
International Journal of Colorectal Disease.2021; 36(7): 1535. CrossRef
The Impact of Patient’s Pain and Fatigue on the Discharge Decision After Laparoscopic Surgery for Colorectal Cancer
Won Beom Jung
Annals of Coloproctology.2019; 35(4): 158. CrossRef

Enhancing the Enhanced Recovery Program in Colorectal Surgery - Use of Extended-Release Epidural Morphine (DepoDur®): Rajeev Peravali, Rachael Brock, Elizabeth Bright, Patricia Mills, Dawn Petty, Justin Alberts; Ann Coloproctol. 2014;30(4):186-191. Published online August 26, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2014.30.4.186

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Abstract PDF

Purpose

DepoDur® is a single-dose extended-release morphine injection into the epidural space. It is not commonly used, but has many advantages over traditional analgesic regimens. We analyzed a number of these advantages in our case series in the context of the colorectal enhanced recovery program (ERP) and aimed to show that the ERP could be further enhanced by using DepoDur®.

Methods

We conducted a prospective audit of all patients undergoing open and laparoscopic colorectal procedures where DepoDur® was used between July 2010 and April 2012. Validated pain scores were used, and primary outcome measures were resting and dynamic pain, mobilization, and need for additional analgesia.

Results

Two hundred eighty patients were included in the case series. Good pain control was seen at 24 and 48 hours. Eighty-one percent of the patients required simple analgesia alone at 24 hours, and 62% required simple analgesia (paracetamol +/- nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs) alone at 48 hours. Only a minority required additional oramorph and patient-controlled analgesia at 24 and 48 hours (19% at 24 hours and 38% at 48 hours). Seventy-nine percent of the patients were mobilized at 24 hours, and 88% of the patients were mobilized at 48 hours.

Conclusion

DepoDur® is an effective alternative to conventional pain management techniques and may have a role in further enhancing the ERP.

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Why sedative hypnotics often fail in development
J. Robert Sneyd
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Gene therapy for chronic pain management
Yi-ze Li, Ru-Rong Ji
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A Sojourn on Liposomal Delivery System: Recent Advances and Future Prospects
Simranjeet Kaur, Dilpreet Singh
ASSAY and Drug Development Technologies.2023; 21(2): 48. CrossRef
Versatile Encapsulation and Synthesis of Potent Liposomes by Thermal Equilibration
Steven A. Roberts, Chaebin Lee, Shrishti Singh, Nitin Agrawal
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Soraya Babaie, Arezou Taghvimi, Joo-Hyun Hong, Hamed Hamishehkar, Seongpil An, Ki Hyun Kim
Journal of Nanobiotechnology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Application of Nanocarrier in Drug development with special Emphasis on Liposomes: A Review
Anshul Sharma, Keshav Dhiman, Anshul Sharma, Kamya Goyal, Vinay Pandit, M. S. Ashawat, Shammy Jindal
Asian Journal of Pharmacy and Technology.2022; : 320. CrossRef
RETRACTED: Liposomes: Structure, Biomedical Applications, and Stability Parameters With Emphasis on Cholesterol
Pooria Nakhaei, Ria Margiana, Dmitry O. Bokov, Walid Kamal Abdelbasset, Mohammad Amin Jadidi Kouhbanani, Rajender S. Varma, Faroogh Marofi, Mostafa Jarahian, Nasrin Beheshtkhoo
Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Endogenous Opiates and Behavior: 2015
Richard J. Bodnar
Peptides.2017; 88: 126. CrossRef
Protocol for a multicentre, prospective, observational cohort study of variation in practice in perioperative analgesic strategies in elective laparoscopic colorectal surgery: the LapCoGesic Study
Phillippa Burnell, Rachael Coates, Steven Dixon, Lucy Grant, Matthew Grey, Ben Griffiths, Mike Jones, Anantha Madhavan, Iain McCallum, Ross McClean, Karen Naru, Lydia Newton, Paul O'Loughlin, Fadlo Shaban, Anisha Sukha, Sameer Somnath, Syed Shumon, Deena
BMJ Open.2016; 6(9): e008810. CrossRef
Best Practice in the Administration of Analgesia in Postoncological Surgery
Juan P Cata, Javier Lasala, Dario Bugada
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Clinical Translation of Nanomedicine
Yuanzeng Min, Joseph M. Caster, Michael J. Eblan, Andrew Z. Wang
Chemical Reviews.2015; 115(19): 11147. CrossRef
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Sung-Bum Kang
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Morphine Spinal Block Anesthesia in Patients Who Undergo an Open Hemorrhoidectomy: A Prospective Analysis of Pain Control and Postoperative Complications: Hélio Moreira, José PT Moreira, Raniere R Isaac, Onofre Alves-Neto, Thiago AC Moreira, Tiago HM Vieira, Andressa MS Brasil; Ann Coloproctol. 2014;30(3):135-140. Published online June 23, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2014.30.3.135

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Abstract PDF

Purpose

This study evaluated the use of adding morphine to bupivacaine in spinal anesthesia for pain control in patients who underwent an open hemorrhoidectomy.

Methods

Forty patients were prospectively selected for an open hemorrhoidectomy at the same institution and were randomized into two groups of 20 patients each: group 1 had a spinal with 7 mg of heavy bupivacaine associated with 80 µg of morphine (0.2 mg/mL). Group 2 had a spinal with 7 mg of heavy bupivacaine associated with distilled water, achieving the same volume of spinal infusion as that of group 1. Both groups were prescribed the same pain control medicine during the postoperative period. Pain scores were evaluated at the anesthetic recovery room and at 3, 6, 12, and 24 hours after surgery. Postoperative complications, including pruritus, nausea, headaches, and urinary retention, were also recorded.

Results

There were no anthropometric statistical differences between the two groups. Pain in the anesthetic recovery room and 3 hours after surgery was similar for both groups. However, pain was better controlled in group 1 at 6 and 12 hours after surgery. Although pain was better controlled for group 1 after 24 hours of surgery, the difference between the groups didn't achieved statistical significance. Complications were more common in group 1. Six patients (6/20) presented coetaneous pruritus and 3 with (3/20) urinary retention.

Conclusion

A hemorrhoidectomy under a spinal with morphine provides better pain control between 6 and 12 hours after surgery. However, postoperative complications, including cutaneous pruritus (30%) and urinary retention (15%), should be considered as a negative side of this procedure.

Citations

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Pulmonary complications after intrathecal morphine administration: a systematic review and meta‐analysis with meta‐regression and trial sequential analysis
Kariem El‐Boghdadly, Yves Renard, Jean‐Benoit Rossel, Eleni Moka, Thomas Volk, Narinder Rawal, Cécile Jaques, Marta Szyszko, Eric Albrecht
Anaesthesia.2025; 80(8): 959. CrossRef
Intradermal methylene blue analgesic application in posthemorrhoidectomy pain management: a randomized controlled trial
Ramin Azhough, Pooya Jalali, Mohammad Reza Dashti, Sahar Taher, Ali Aghajani
Frontiers in Surgery.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
The effect of bupivacaine on analgesia and safety in patients undergoing hemorrhoidectomy: a meta-analysis
Haixia Lu, Min Cai, Dongxi Zhou, Weiwei Li, Hanzhong Cao
Frontiers in Pharmacology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Non-pulmonary complications of intrathecal morphine administration: a systematic review and meta-analysis with meta-regression
Yves Renard, Kariem El-Boghdadly, Jean-Benoît Rossel, Alexandre Nguyen, Cécile Jaques, Eric Albrecht
British Journal of Anaesthesia.2024; 133(4): 823. CrossRef
Ten-year multicentric retrospective analysis regarding postoperative complications and impact of comorbidities in hemorrhoidal surgery with literature review
Cosmin Moldovan, Elena Rusu, Daniel Cochior, Madalina Elena Toba, Horia Mocanu, Razvan Adam, Mirela Rimbu, Adrian Ghenea, Florin Savulescu, Daniela Godoroja, Florin Botea
World Journal of Clinical Cases.2023; 11(2): 366. CrossRef
The Assessment of Marcaine Versus Meperidine for Spinal Anesthesia in Anorectal Surgery: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Mehran Rezvani Habibabadi, Masumeh Safaee, Ali Rezaei
Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Strategies to Reduce Post-Hemorrhoidectomy Pain: A Systematic Review
Varut Lohsiriwat, Romyen Jitmungngan
Medicina.2022; 58(3): 418. CrossRef
Non-Doppler hemorrhoidal artery ligation and hemorrhoidopexy combined with pudendal nerve block for the treatment of hemorrhoidal disease: a non-inferiority randomized controlled trial
Konstantinos Perivoliotis, Michail Spyridakis, Elias Zintzaras, Eleni Arnaoutoglou, Manousos-Georgios Pramateftakis, Konstantinos Tepetes
International Journal of Colorectal Disease.2021; 36(2): 353. CrossRef
The effect of adding morphine to intratecal bupivacaine on postoperative analgesia in patients with perianal surgery
Münire BABAYİĞİT
Anatolian Current Medical Journal.2021; 3(2): 124. CrossRef
Endogenous Opiates and Behavior: 2015
Richard J. Bodnar
Peptides.2017; 88: 126. CrossRef
Evidence‐Based Management of Pain After Excisional Haemorrhoidectomy Surgery: A PROSPECT Review Update
Tarik Sammour, Ahmed W. H. Barazanchi, Andrew G. Hill, Francis Bonnet, Barrie Fischer, Girish Joshi, Henrik Kehlet, Philipp Lirk, Narinder Rawal, Stephan Schug, Marc Van de Velde, Marcel Vercauteren
World Journal of Surgery.2017; 41(2): 603. CrossRef
Prolonged Opioid-Sparing Pain Control after Hemorrhoidectomy with Liposome Bupivacaine: Results from a Cohort of 95 Patients
Allen B. Jetmore, Douglas Hagen
Pain Studies and Treatment.2016; 04(01): 5. CrossRef
Spinal Block Anesthesia With Morphine in a Hemorrhoidectomy
Byung Chun Kim
Annals of Coloproctology.2014; 30(3): 107. CrossRef

Postoperative Pain Relief Using Wound Infiltration With 0.5% Bupivacaine in Single-Incision Laparoscopic Surgery for an Appendectomy: So Ra Ahn, Dong Baek Kang, Cheol Lee, Won Cheol Park, Jeong Kyun Lee; Ann Coloproctol. 2013;29(6):238-242. Published online December 31, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2013.29.6.238

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Abstract PDF

Purpose

Recently, single-incision laparoscopic surgery (SILS) has been popular for minimally invasive surgery and cosmetic improvement. However, some papers have reported that SILS for an appendectomy (SILS-A) has had the more postoperative complaints of pain. We investigated postoperative pain relief using wound infiltration with 0.5% bupivacaine in SILS-A and compared the result with that for conventional SILS-A.

Methods

Between July 2010 and September 2012, 75 patients who underwent SILS-A were enrolled in this study. The patients were randomly assigned to two groups: conventional SILS-A group (C-SILS-A) or wound infiltrated with 0.5% bupivacaine in SILS-A group (W-SILS-A). Forty-five patients were in the C-SILS-A, and 30 patients were in the W-SILS-A. Patients with perforated appendicitis were excluded. The clinical outcomes were compared between the groups by using the verbal numerical rating scale (VNRS).

Results

Clinical outcomes were similar in both study groups except for the pain score. The W-SILS-A group showed significantly lower numbers of additional pain killers and lower VNRS scores 1, 6, and 12 hours after surgery than the C-SILS-A group.

Conclusion

W-SILS-A is a technically simple and effective method of reducing early postoperative pain. It may be applicable in SILS-A for pain control system.

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Geoffrey Bloy, Amelie Jurine, Sebastien Pili-Floury, Frederic Auber, Olivier Hild, Pierre-Gregoire Guinot, Belaid Bouhemad, Michel Francois, Lucie Vettoretti, Romain Bronnert, Maxime Nguyen, Yann Chaussy, Guillaume Besch
European Journal of Anaesthesiology.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
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Jong Min Lee
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Pirogov Russian Journal of Surgery.2024; (12): 13. CrossRef
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SHINTARO KOHAMA, KUNIHIKO NAGAKARI, MASAKAZU OHUCHI, KAZUHIRO TAKEHARA, KUMPEI HONJO, SHUN ISHIYAMA, KIICHI SUGIMOTO, SHINICHI OKA, JIRO YOSHIMOTO, MASAKI FUKUNAGA, YOICHI ISHIZAKI, KAZUHIRO SAKAMOTO
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Heon-Kyun Ha, Kyung-Goo Lee, Kang Kook Choi, Wan Sung Kim, Hyung Rae Cho
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Emine Arık, T. Akkaya, S. Ozciftci, A. Alptekin, Ş. Balas
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Eui Gon Youk
Annals of Coloproctology.2013; 29(6): 221. CrossRef

Abdominal Computed Tomography in Patients with Right Lower Quadrant Pain.: Won, Chang Sik , Roh, Hye Rin , Park, Seung Bae , Kim, Yang Hei , Chae, Gi Bong; J Korean Soc Coloproctol. 2008;24(6):417-421.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/jksc.2008.24.6.417

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Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
This study was performed to evaluate the usefulness of abdominal computed tomography (CT) for patients with right lower quadrant (RLQ) pain.
METHODS
Between January 2006 and July 2008, 191 consecutive patients with RLQ pain underwent abdominal CT (CT group). Forty-two patients who had undergone abdominal ultrasound (US group) and 52 patients without abdominal CT or abdominal ultrasound for RLQ pain (clinical Dx group) underwent emergent operations. Using the Alvarado scoring system, we scored all patients. The abdominal CT was performed in the abdominal and pelvic area with contrast.
RESULTS
One hundred twenty-one (63.4%) of the 191 patients in the CT group were preoperatively diagnosed as having acute appendicitis and underwent surgery. There were three cases of negative appendectomy (1.6%). In the US group and the clinical Dx group, the negative appendectomy rates were 4.8% and 3.8%, respectively. The sensitivity of the abdominal CT was 96.7%. In the CT group, in addition to acute appendicitis, colitis, nonspecific enteritis, diverticulitis, urinary stone, ovary, uterine, and diseases were indentified.
CONCLUSIONS
In this study, abdominal CT scans in patients with RLQ pain were useful for the diagnosis acute appendicitis and for the differential diagnosis of other diseases presenting with RLQ pain. The false positive rate was significantly lower in the CT group than in the other groups.

Case Reports

Acute Anal Pain due to Ingested Bone Fragments.: Choi, Dong Ha; J Korean Soc Coloproctol. 2008;24(1):51-57.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/jksc.2008.24.1.51

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Abstract PDF

Impacted bone fragment in the anal canal must not be overlooked as an unusual cause of acute anal pain. Eight cases of acute anal pain arising from impaction of ingested bone fragment within the anal canal were treated over a 4-year period. The eight cases were similar in presentation and outcome. There were six males and two females (age 45~65 years). Seven patients presented within a day of the sudden onset of severe anal pain, and one patient presented with obscure anal pain of three days. In two patients, this pain was aggravated by attempts to defecate. Inspection showed mild to marked spasm of the anal sphincter with no obvious cause for the anal pain. Digital rectal examination revealed spiculated bony fragments impacted in the anal canal at the dentate line in seven cases, and at the anorectal junction in one case. In one case, a fish bone was found penetrating into a hemorrhoid, causing edema and prolapse. In another case, a tiny fish bone was found impacting in a nylon seton applied to a fistulotomy wound. In a third case, a linear fish bone was found penetrating into an anal papilla. Six fish bones and one chicken bone were removed using forceps under proctoscopy. One fish bone was removed at the time of digital rectal examination. Sigmoidoscopy was then performed to assess anorectal injury. Pain relief was immediate, and no sequelae were noted on review at 6 weeks. In all cases, the diagnosis was readily made on simple digital rectal examination, and early removal of the bone fragment resulted in immediate pain relief without complications. Eight cases of acute anal pain due to impaction of ingested bone fragment in the anal canal are reported, and the related literature is reviewed.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Ingested Chicken Bone (Xiphoid Process) in the Anal Canal: A Case Report and Literature Review
Ahmed F Alkandari, Husain M Alsarraf, Mohammed F Alkandari
Cureus.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Operative Treatment with a Laparotomy for Anorectal Problems Arising from a Self-Inserted Foreign Body
Seung-Bum Ryoo, Heung-Kwon Oh, Heon-Kyun Ha, Eun Kyung Choe, Sang Hui Moon, Kyu Joo Park
Journal of the Korean Society of Coloproctology.2012; 28(1): 56. CrossRef
Anal Diseases from Ingested Foreign Bodies
Hansuk Kim, Seungbum Ryoo, Eun Kyung Choe, Dosun Kim, Doohan Lee, Kyu Joo Park
Journal of the Korean Society of Coloproctology.2009; 25(6): 387. CrossRef

Diverticula of Appendix Associated with Chronic Abdominal Pain: A case report.: Shin, Il Yong , Ahn, Chang Joon , Cheon, Joon Sung , Kim, Jeong Goo , Lee, Dong Ho , You, Young Kyoung , Lee, Hye Kyung; J Korean Soc Coloproctol. 2006;22(1):58-61.

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Abstract PDF: The incidence of an appendiceal diverticulum in instance of appendectomies has been reported to range from 0.004 to 2.1 percent. It is known that diverticulum of the appendix leads to diverticulitis, appendicitis, or perforation. Recently in the literature, appendiceal diverticulum without inflammation has been reported as a possible cause of chronic abdominal pain. We report the case of a 40-year-old man with appendiceal diverticula associated with chronic abdominal pain.

Original Articles

The Usefulness of a Harmonic Scalpel(R) for Hemorrhoidectomy.: Choe, Kyu Hyung , Kim, Yu Yong , Chang, Eu Myung; J Korean Soc Coloproctol. 2002;18(1):10-14.

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Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
The aim of this study was to compare conventional scissors and Harmonic Scalpel(R) hemorrhoidectomy.
METHODS
Two hundred and five patients were prospectively assigned to two groups in the consecutive order. The group was divided into Group A (Harmonic Scalpel(R) excision; n=101) and Group B (conventional scissor excision; n=104). All other aspects of surgery and anesthesia were standardized. Intramuscular opiate was available on demand during the postoperative period, and analgesic requirements were also recorded. All patients noted their pain on a daily basis using a visual analogue scale (0=no pain; 10=worst pain). The length of hospitalization, operative time and postoperative complications were also analyzed.
RESULTS
The operative time was 16.6 +/- 0.9 minutes 25.3 +/- 0.8 minutes in Group A and B, respectively (p<0.01). Length of hospital stay was 4.1 +/- 0.1 and 4.5 +/- 0.1 days (p<0.05). Pain scores in the group A were significantly lower than in the group B (p<0.01). Analgesic requirements were also significantly less in group A (p<0.05). Postoperative complications, such as urinary retention, fecal impaction and skin tags were rarer in group A. One patient in group A and two patients in group B developed secondary hemorrhage, but no patient had anal stricture.
CONCLUSIONS
The Harmonic Scalpel(R) excision significantly shortens the operative time for hemorrhoidectomy with less blood loss and postoperative pain without remarkable early or late postoperative complications.

Intraoperative Muscular Injection of Tarasyn(R) for Postoperative Hemorrhoidectomy Pain Management.: Kim, Kuhn Uk , Park, Weon Kap , Lee, Kwang Real , Yoo, Jung Jun , Lim, Seok Won , Kim, Hyun Shig , Lee, Jong Kyun; J Korean Soc Coloproctol. 1998;14(2):269-274.

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Abstract PDF: The pain after a hemorrhoidectomy is widely feared by many patients who are mostly still treated with oral/intramuscular narcotics to control their pain postoperatively. In an effort to decrease posthemorrhoidectomy pain by applying newer methods of analgesia, a prospective trial was conducted to investigate the postoperative analgesic effect of Tarasyn(R) (ketorolac tromethamine) injected into the internal sphincter muscle at the time of the hemorrhoidectomy. Tarasyn(R) is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug introduced for intramuscular injection to control postoperative pain. It's action is peripheral. Therefore, it seems appropriate to inject it directly into the anal sphincter muscles when these are exposed during anorectal procedures. A total loading dose of 60 mg(2 cc, 30 mg/ml) of ketorolac was used intraoperatively. It was injected intramuscularly locally after completion of hemorrhoidectomy. Postoperative pain after a hemorrhoidectomy can be safely controlled in a patient by using newer methods of pain control, including supplemental use of the nonsteroidal analgesic ketorolac, which allows early release of the patient, the day of surgery by diminishing the postoperative pain in our study group. Another important advantage of a local injection of ketorolac was the elimination of urinary retention.

Ambulatory Hemorrhoidectomy under Local Anesthesia.: Kim, Jae Han , Kim, Byung Cheol , Jang, Jeong Hwan , Kim, Cheong Yong; J Korean Soc Coloproctol. 2001;17(5):213-219.

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Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
Hemorrhoidectomy can be associated with severe pain in the immediate postoperative period. The aim of this study was to evaluate the advantages and feasibility of hemorrhoidectomy under local anesthesia (pudendal nerve block).
METHODS
From september 1998 to August 2000 we performed 77 hemorrhoidectomy with local anesthesia in our Colorectal unit under the ambulatory surgery regimen. 0.5% lidocaine and 0.25% bupivacaine mixed by 1:1 ratio were used for pudendal nerve block and local anesthesia.
RESULTS
Using pudendal nerve block, ambulatory hemorrhoidectomy with or without band ligation were done in 77 patients. Male to female ratio was 46:31, mean age was 35.2 years. 3 major piles plus 1 minor pile were present in 40 patients (51.9%). We injected mixed lidocaine and bupivacaine solution through external sphincter and puborectalis muscle. All patients were successfully operated without conversion to general anesthesia or even intravenous anesthetic injection. Postoperative pain of them were compared the patients who were operated hemorrhoidectomy under general (spinal or caudal) anesthesia during the same time. The pain were assessed using verbal rating pain scale at 24 hours, 48 hours and 72 hours (1-10, where 1 presented no pain and 10 represented the worst pain imaginable) by phone call examination. Mean pain scores for pudendal anesthesia group at 24, 48, 72 hours were 5.32, 3.07 and 2.21, respectively, compared with other anesthesia group with 6.47, 4.52 and 3.24. These differences were statistically significant (P value<0.05). Post operative pain was successfully controlled with home care and oral medications.
CONCLUSIONS
Under local anesthesia with pudendal nerve block, ambulatory hemorrhoidectomy were able to decrease pain and urinary retension in comparison to spinal or caudal anesthesia group. Ambulatory hemorrhoidectomy is useful, low cost and feasible.

Case Report

Two Cases of Misdiagnosis of Acute Appendicitis in a Patient with Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome and a Patient with Tsutsugamushi Disease.: Seo, Jung Pil , Kim, Young Ok , Choi, Yun Seok , Kim, Eun Il , Yoon, Sun Ae , Chae, Hyun Seok , Song, Sun Wha , Kim, Nam Il , Yoo, Seung Jin; J Korean Soc Coloproctol. 2000;16(6):474-477.

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Abstract PDF: Both tsutsugamushi disease and hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome frequently cause abdominal pain with tenderness; therefore they are occasionally misdiagnosed as surgical abdomen. Two patients presented with symptoms of acute abdomen, and under the suspicion of acute appendicitis they underwent appendectomies. Nevertheless there were no operative findings of acute appendicitis in both patients, and the clinical conditions were deteriorated after the operation. Acute infectious disease was suspected by thrombocytopenia, elevated liver enzymes, and proteinuria. Indirect immunoflourescence test confirmed tsutsugamushi disease and hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome, respectively. The patient with tsutsugamushi disease improved with administration of doxycycline and the patient with hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome spontaneously improved.

Randomized Controlled Trial

Effects of Intraoperative Injection of Tarasyn for Pain Relief on Patients Undergoing Hemorrhoidectomy: Result of a prospective, randomized trial.: Kim, Min Chan , Choi, Hong Jo; J Korean Soc Coloproctol. 2000;16(6):371-375.

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Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
The aim of this prospective study was to evaluate whether additional intraoperative injection of Tarasyn (ketorolac tromethamine) provided a preemptive analgesic effect that improved postoperative pain.
METHODS
Sixty patients scheduled for hemorrhoidectomy were randomly assigned to the study and control groups. For the control group (n=32), patients were treated with standard intravenous injections of Nubain (Nalbuphine hydrochloride; Jeil Pharmaceuticals Co, Seoul) per 8 hours for three times postoperatively for pain relief. In the study group (Tarasyn group, n=28), 60 mg of Tarasyn (ketorolac tromethamine; Roche Korea, Seoul) was injected into the internal sphincter muscle and around the operative wound at the time of hemorrhoidectomy as well as standard intravenous injections of Nubain . Parameters were measured of pain score from 0 (no pain) to 10 (agonizing pain), painless sound sleep, additional analgesic requirements, time to first bowel movement, and postoperative urinary retention.
RESULTS
Rate of painless sound sleep was 75.0% and 53.1% in the Tarasyn and the control groups, respectively, which was significant statically between two groups (P<0.05). Time to first bowel movement was 2 and 3.2 days in Tarasyn and the control groups, respectively, which was also significant statistically (P<0.05). Voiding difficulty developed in one case (3.5%) in the Tarasyn group and he needed catheterization. In the control group, however, the number (15 cases, 46.9%; P<0.001) was much higher requiring more catherization (13 cases, 40.9%; P<0.001). Mean pain scores was significant statically between two groups (P<0.001).
CONCLUSION
The data suggest that the use of intraoperative injection of Tarasyn is associated with a significant decrease in pain and urinary complications after hemorrhoidectomy.

Original Article

Surgical Treatment of Right Colon Diverticulitis.: Lee, Do Sang , Lee, Chul Soo , Sung, Gi Young , Song, Moo Hyung , Kim, Wook , Park, Il Young , Won, Jong Man; J Korean Soc Coloproctol. 2000;16(5):302-308.

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Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
Diverticular disease of the cecum and ascending colon is a relatively uncommon disease and there are some difficulties in the accurate preoperative diagnosis and the proper surgical treatment. This study is aimed to determine what is the proper procedure during the emergency operation of right colon diverticulitis.
METHODS
This study is a retrospective clinical analysis of 86 cases of the right colon diverticulitis from January 1992 to December 1999.
RESULTS
1) The incidence of right colon diverticulitis (RCD) was 2.1% of that of appendicitis and the RCD to sigmoid colon diverticulitis ratio was 9.6:1.2) The highest incidence was noted at the fourth decades and average age was 37 years. Male to female ratio was 1.9:1. 3) Most patients (73 cases, 85%) had right lower quadrant abdominal pain. 4) The duration of symptom was less than 3 days in 54 cases (63%). 5) The preoperative confirmation by radiologic work-up was not decisive, but barium enema might be more accurate than other studies and CT was more accurate method than ultrasound. 6) The correct preoperative diagnosis was made only in 13 cases (15%) and the remaining misdiagnoses were appendicitis with or without complications in 72 cases (83%). 7) Operative procedures varied markedly according to multiplicity, extent of inflammation and complications; diverticulectomy and appendectomy in 48 cases (56%), ileocecectomy in 15 cases (17%) and right hemicolectomy in 11 cases (13%). 8) The most commom postoperative complication was wound infection. 9) Among the 30 cases who took diverticulectomy or diverticulectomy and appendectomy, remained diverticulums were found in 14 cases (47%), especially 11 cases (37%) on the right colon. And so multiplicity of right colon reached about 37%.
CONCLUSIONS
The authors suggest that one should suspect RCD in fourth decade patients with right lower quadrant pain for more than 3 days with unusual clinical findings. Barium enema can be used because of the high accuracy rate but CT is a safe tool in complicated or urgent situation. The operative modalities should be selected on the extent of the disease and it is sufficient to treat a single diverticulitis with diverticulectomy or diverticulectomy and appendectomy but right hemicolectomy should be recommanded in the suspicious multiplicity or malignancy.

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