Annals of Coloproctology

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Review

Colorectal cancer

Safety and efficacy of chemoprevention for familial adenomatous polyposis: a systematic review and meta-analysis: Francisco Tustumi, Amanda Park, Eric Toshiyuki Nakamura, Thaís Cabral de Melo Viana, Elis Nogara Lisboa, Rodrigo Moisés de Almeida Leite, Sergio Eduardo Alonso Araujo, Pedro Luiz Serrano Usón Jr, Kaique Flávio Xavier Cardoso Filardi; Ann Coloproctol. 2026;42(1):34-46. Published online February 25, 2026; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2025.01018.0145

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material: Purpose
Familial adenomatous polyposis is a hereditary condition that predisposes individuals to colorectal cancer. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pharmacological therapies for reducing polyp number, burden, and size in individuals with familial adenomatous polyposis.
Methods
A systematic search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane. Randomized trials assessing the effects of pharmacological interventions on polyp number, polyp burden, and polyp size were included, and adverse events were also analyzed.
Results
Sixteen studies (n=985) met the inclusion criteria. The mean participant age was 38±8.3 years, with a mean follow-up of 14.6±15.8 months. Of these studies, 62.5% focused on colorectal polyps, 18.8% on rectal polyps, 18.8% on duodenal polyps, and 12.5% addressed both colorectal and duodenal polyps. Pharmacological interventions were associated with a modest but statistically significant reduction in the number of polyps (Hedges g, −0.57; 95% confidence interval [CI], −1.08 to −0.05) and in average polyp size (Hedges g, −0.26; 95% CI, −0.49 to −0.04). However, no significant reduction in overall polyp burden was observed (Hedges g, −1.07; 95% CI, −2.21 to 0.06). In subgroup analyses, nonselective cyclooxygenase inhibitors produced a large reduction in polyp burden (Hedges g, −2.72; 95% CI, −3.28 to −2.16), while metformin also demonstrated benefit in a single study (Hedges g, −1.06; 95% CI, −1.86 to −0.27). Adverse events were generally infrequent and comparable to placebo. Conclusion: Chemopreventive interventions may reduce polyp number, burden, and size, and they appear to have a favorable safety profile.

Original Articles

Colonoscopy

Analysis of adenoma detection rate of colonoscopy among trainees: Young Min Song, Kyung Su Han, Byung Chang Kim, Chang Won Hong, Bun Kim, Min Chul Kim, Myeong Jae Jin, Dae Kyung Sohn; Ann Coloproctol. 2024;40(6):548-554. Published online August 28, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2023.00199.0028

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

Purpose
To analyze adenoma detection rate (ADR) and related quality indicators of colonoscopy among trainees and make recommendations for appropriate colonoscopy training.
Methods
ADR and related indicators of colonoscopies performed by 3 trainees and 5 colonoscopy experts between March and November 2022 were analyzed. These indicators were analyzed in both the entire patients and the screening/surveillance group. In addition, the training period of the 3 trainees was divided into 3 sections, and the changes in these indicators were examined.
Results
The mean ADR of the 3 trainees was 50.6%. In the screening/surveillance group, the mean ADR of the 3 trainees was 51.8%, showing no significant difference from the experts' ADR (53.4%). When the training period was divided into 3 sections and analyzed in the screening/surveillance group, the mean ADR of the trainees gradually increased to 49.4%, 52.6%, and 53.6%, respectively; however, the difference was insignificant. Analyzing each trainee’s ADR, there was a significant difference among the 3 trainees (58.5% vs. 44.7% vs. 50.2%, P=0.008). However, in the third section of the training period, the 3 trainees’ ADRs were 53.0%, 49.2%, and 57.3%, respectively, showing no significant difference (P=0.606).
Conclusion
In the early stages of training, the ADR was higher than recommended; however, there were variances in ADR between individuals. As the training period passed, the ADR became similar at the expert level, whereas the difference in ADR between trainees decreased. Therefore, efforts to increase ADR should be made actively from the beginning of training and continued during the training period.

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Adenoma per polypectomy as a training metric in colonoscopy: a retrospective analysis of trainee progression compared to expert performance
Young Min Song, Kyung Su Han, Byung Chang Kim, Chang Won Hong, Bun Kim, Dae Kyung Sohn
Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research.2025; 109(2): 113. CrossRef

Colorectal cancer

Estimation of risk posed by malignant polyps amongst colorectal surgeons in Australia and New Zealand: Andrew P. Zammit, Ian Brown, John D. Hooper, David A. Clark, Andrew D. Riddell; Ann Coloproctol. 2024;40(2):114-120. Published online March 25, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2023.00178.0025

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

Purpose
The estimation of the risk posed by malignant polyps for residual or lymphatic disease plays a central role. This study investigated colorectal surgeons’ assessment of these risks associated with malignant polyps.
Methods
A cross-sectional questionnaire was electronically administered to colorectal surgeons in Australia and New Zealand in October 2022. The questionnaire contained 17 questions on demographics, when surgeons consider colorectal resection appropriate, and the risk assessment for 5 hypothetical malignant polyps.
Results
The mean risk of residual or lymphatic disease that would prompt surgeons to recommend colonic resection was 5%. However, this increased to a mean risk of 10% if the malignant polyp was located in the rectum, and the only resection option was abdominoperineal resection with end-colostomy. There was high concordance between the estimated risk of residual or lymphatic disease by colorectal surgeons and the Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland (ACPGBI) guidelines for the 5 hypothetical malignant polyps, with the ACPGBI estimated risk lying within the 95% confidence interval for 4 of the 5 malignant polyps. Nonetheless, 96.6% of surgeons felt that an online risk calculator would improve clinical practice.
Conclusion
Colorectal surgeons in Australia and New Zealand accurately estimated the risk posed by malignant polyps. An online risk calculator may assist in better conveying risk to patients.

Citations

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Management of the Malignant Rectal Polyp—A Narrative Review
Zhen Hao Ang, Shing Wai Wong
Cancers.2025; 17(9): 1464. CrossRef

Review

AI colonoscopy

The imitation game: a review of the use of artificial intelligence in colonoscopy, and endoscopists’ perceptions thereof: Sarah Tham, Frederick H. Koh, Jasmine Ladlad, Koy-Min Chue, SKH Endoscopy Centre, Cui-Li Lin, Eng-Kiong Teo, Fung-Joon Foo; Ann Coloproctol. 2023;39(5):385-394. Published online March 10, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2022.00878.0125

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Abstract PDF

The development of deep learning systems in artificial intelligence (AI) has enabled advances in endoscopy, and AI-aided colonoscopy has recently been ushered into clinical practice as a clinical decision-support tool. This has enabled real-time AI-aided detection of polyps with a higher sensitivity than the average endoscopist, and evidence to support its use has been promising thus far. This review article provides a summary of currently published data relating to AI-aided colonoscopy, discusses current clinical applications, and introduces ongoing research directions. We also explore endoscopists’ perceptions and attitudes toward the use of this technology, and discuss factors influencing its uptake in clinical practice.

Citations

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New Concept of Colonoscopy Assisted by a Microwave-Based Accessory Device: First Clinical Experience
Oswaldo Ortiz, Oriol Sendino, Silvia Rivadulla, Alejandra Garrido, Luz María Neira, Josep Sanahuja, Pilar Sesé, Marta Guardiola, Glòria Fernández-Esparrach
Cancers.2025; 17(7): 1073. CrossRef
Deep learning model for gastrointestinal polyp segmentation
Zitong Wang, Zeyi Wang, Pengyu Sun
PeerJ Computer Science.2025; 11: e2924. CrossRef
Does AI have utility in medical student surgical education? A comparative analysis of chatbots in answering standardized surgical multiple-choice questions
Natalia DaFonte, Angelo Cadiente, Catherine Implicito, Natasha Becker, Burton Surick
Global Surgical Education - Journal of the Association for Surgical Education.2025;[Epub] CrossRef

Case Report

Benign bowel disease

A case report of a giant solitary juvenile polyp: from obstructed defecation syndrome to incontinence: Zhan Huai Teoh, Jien Yen Soh, Nasibah Mohamad, Norzaliana Zawawi, Andee Dzulkarnaen Zakaria, Zaidi Zakaria, Michael Pak-Kai Wong; Ann Coloproctol. 2024;40(Suppl 1):S27-S31. Published online November 25, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2022.00549.0078

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Abstract PDF: Juvenile polyps (JPs) are the most common polyps in pediatric patients. We present the case of an 18-year-old male patient with a giant solitary JP resembling solitary rectal ulcer syndrome (SRUS). The presenting history was rectal bleeding and symptoms of obstructed defecation syndrome. Colonoscopy revealed a polypoidal mass at the anorectal junction, with biopsy-confirmed SRUS. The symptoms worsened, and a protruding mass from the anus caused fecal incontinence. Pelvic magnetic resonance imaging showed a huge pedunculated mass occupying the low rectum with local compression of the urinary bladder. Transanal excision of the anal tumor was performed due to bleeding. A histopathological examination showed a JP with high-grade dysplasia. A histological examination to differentiate JPs and SRUS could be challenging based on a superficial forceps biopsy. Therefore, an excision biopsy is usually warranted with the understanding that adenomatous or malignant transformation is found in 5.6% to 12% of all JPs.

Original Article

Longer withdrawal time is not associated with increased patient discomfort in colonoscopy: a retrospective observational study: Kenichiro Majima, Yosuke Muraki; Ann Coloproctol. 2023;39(1):71-76. Published online September 7, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2021.00388.0055

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Abstract PDF

Purpose
Withdrawal time of sufficient length is a quality indicator for colonoscopies. Nonetheless, whether extending the withdrawal time contributes to patient discomfort remains unknown. This study aimed to clarify the relationship between colonoscopy withdrawal time and patient discomfort.
Methods
A cohort of consecutive patients who underwent colonoscopy at a single institution from October 2018 to January 2020 was retrospectively analyzed. Initially, the relationship between the mean withdrawal time for each colonoscopist in no-finding examinations and polyp detection rate was investigated in 2,043 patients. Subsequently, the primary outcome of association between withdrawal time and patient discomfort, as determined by patient questionnaire, was assessed for each examination in 481 patients from the initial cohort.
Results
The mean withdrawal time was strongly correlated with polyp detection rate (correlation coefficient, 0.72; P<0.001). In contrast, longer withdrawal time was not associated with increased discomfort; however, there was a weak inverse correlation between patient discomfort and longer withdrawal time (correlation coefficient, –0.25; P<0.001). Similarly, multiple regression analysis adjusted for confounding variables revealed that longer withdrawal time was not associated with increased patient discomfort (regression coefficient, –0.04 for each 1-minute increase in the length of withdrawal time; P=0.45).
Conclusion
This study showed for the first time that longer withdrawal times did not result in increased discomfort, indicating that withdrawal time can be extended to sufficient length for optimal patient examination and polyp detection.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Association between Examination Time and Discomfort in Unsedated Esophagogastroduodenoscopy: A Prospective Observational Study
Kenichiro Majima, Takeshi Shimamoto, Yosuke Muraki
GE - Portuguese Journal of Gastroenterology.2026; 33(1): 367. CrossRef
Impact of withdrawal time on the adenoma detection rate in elderly patients during unsedated colonoscopy: a retrospective multicenter study
Fu-qiang Liu, Ying-hao He, Han Yan, Jin-wen Liao, Wen-juan Ding, Yu-ting Huang, Zhi-qiang Du, Xiang-rong Zhou, Zheng Jiang
BMC Gastroenterology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Does longer withdrawal time increase discomfort?
Kenichiro Majima, Yosuke Muraki
Digestive Endoscopy.2024; 36(4): 496. CrossRef

Case Report

Benign bowel disease

Successful detection and removal of predictable juvenile polyp: a case report: Kwang Yeon Kim, Jin Su Kim; Ann Coloproctol. 2023;39(5):435-438. Published online July 21, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2021.00311.0044

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Abstract PDF

Juvenile polyp makes up 70% to 80% of pediatric colon polyp, and the average age of diagnosis is 2 to 5 years. The treatment of juvenile polyp in children is polypectomy through colonoscopy. The fact that the lumen of intestine is much smaller than that of adults and the need to perform polypectomy is a heavy burden on the endoscopists. Recently, fecal calprotectin (FC) has been found to be related to juvenile polyp. A previously healthy 34-month-old female patient presented to the pediatric gastroenterology department with intermittent bloody stools that were progressively worsening. FC level was abnormally elevated at 2,719 µg/g (normal, < 50 µg/g). The polyp was successfully removed with a endoscopic polypectomy. This is the first case in Korea to show that FC can be used to screen juvenile polyp in children. Caution must be taken that FC levels can increase with inflammation, regardless of the number or size of the polyps.

Citations

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Why is it worth looking for colorectal polyps in children using ultrasound? A case report and literature review
Katarzyna Kamila Bąk-Drabik, Monika Prokurat, Agnieszka Szymlak, Anna Jarzumbek, Paweł Ziora, Jarosław Kwiecień
Pediatria i Medycyna Rodzinna.2025; 20(4): 418. CrossRef

Original Articles

Clinical Significance of Preoperative Virtual Colonoscopy for Evaluation of the Proximal Colon in Patient With Obstructive Colorectal Cancer: Jae-Hyuk Heo, Chun-Geun Ryu, Eun-Joo Jung, Jin-Hee Paik, Dae-Yong Hwang; Ann Coloproctol. 2017;33(4):130-133. Published online August 31, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2017.33.4.130

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Abstract PDF

Purpose

Virtual colonoscopy is the most recently developed tool for detecting colorectal cancers and polyps, but its effectiveness is limited. In our study, we compared the result of preoperative virtual colonoscopy to result of preoperative and postoperative colonoscopy. We evaluated also the accuracy of preoperative virtual colonoscopy in patients who had obstructive colorectal cancer that did not allow passage of a colonoscope.

Methods

A total of 164 patients who had undergone preoperative virtual colonoscopy and curative surgery after the diagnosis of a colorectal adenocarcinoma between November 2008 and August 2013 were pooled. We compared the result of conventional colonoscopy with that of virtual colonoscopy in the nonobstructive group and the results of preoperative virtual colonoscopy with that of postoperative colonoscopy performed at 6 months after surgery in the obstructive group.

Results

Of the 164 patients, 108 were male and 56 were female patients. The mean age was 62.7 years. The average sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of virtual colonoscopy for all patients were 31.0%, 67.2%, and 43.8%, respectively. In the nonobstructive group, the average sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were 36.6%, 66.2%, and 48.0%, respectively, whereas in the obstructive group, they were 2%, 72.4%, and 25.4%. Synchronous cancer was detected via virtual colonoscopy in 4 of the 164 patients.

Conclusion

Virtual colonoscopy may not be an effective method for the detection of proximal colon polyps, but it can be helpful in determining the therapeutic plan when its results are correlated with the results of other studies.

Citations

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Colon cancer: the 2023 Korean clinical practice guidelines for diagnosis and treatment
Hyo Seon Ryu, Hyun Jung Kim, Woong Bae Ji, Byung Chang Kim, Ji Hun Kim, Sung Kyung Moon, Sung Il Kang, Han Deok Kwak, Eun Sun Kim, Chang Hyun Kim, Tae Hyung Kim, Gyoung Tae Noh, Byung-Soo Park, Hyeung-Min Park, Jeong Mo Bae, Jung Hoon Bae, Ni Eun Seo, Cha
Annals of Coloproctology.2024; 40(2): 89. CrossRef
Application of Virtual Endoscopy in Microvascular Decompression of Trigeminal Neuralgia
Wenbin Wei, Zhiyang Liu, Weijie Zhang, Yiwen Wang, Minjie Chen
Journal of Craniofacial Surgery.2021; 32(5): 1696. CrossRef
Performance of CT Colonography in Diagnosis of Synchronous Colonic Lesions in Patients With Occlusive Colorectal Cancer
Nicola Flor, Andrea Pisani Ceretti, Carmelo Luigiano, Pietro Brambillasca, Anna Paola Savoldi, Clemente Verrusio, Daris Ferrari
American Journal of Roentgenology.2020; 214(2): 348. CrossRef
Synchronous colorectal cancer using CT colonography vs. other means: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Nicola Flor, Edoardo Zanchetta, Giovanni Di Leo, Miriam Mezzanzanica, Massimiliano Greco, Gianpaolo Carrafiello, Francesco Sardanelli
Abdominal Radiology.2018; 43(12): 3241. CrossRef
Correlation between microsatellite instability and RAS gene mutation and stage Ⅲ colorectal cancer
Wenbo Niu, Guiying Wang, Jun Feng, Zheng Li, Chenhui Li, Baoen Shan
Oncology Letters.2018;[Epub] CrossRef

Detection of Polyps After Resection of Colorectal Cancer: Jin-Hee Paik, Eun-Joo Jung, Chun-Geun Ryu, Dae-Yong Hwang; Ann Coloproctol. 2015;31(5):182-186. Published online October 31, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2015.31.5.182

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Abstract PDF

Purpose

Because colonoscopy after colorectal cancer surgery is important for detecting synchronous or metachronous colorectal neoplasms, we designed this study to investigate, by using postoperative colonoscopy, the miss rate for and the location of polyps remaining after colorectal cancer surgery.

Methods

In a prospectively-collected patient database, 264 patients were shown to have undergone a colorectal cancer resection between May 2012 and June 2013. Of these, 116 who had received a complete colonoscopy preoperatively and postoperatively were included in this study.

Results

Of these 116 patients, 68 were males and 48 were females; their mean age was 63 years. The mean time after surgery at which postoperative colonoscopy was performed was 7.1 months (range, 3-15 months). On postoperative colonoscopy, a total of 125 polyps were detected. Of these, there were no cancerous lesions; 46 (36.8%) were neoplastic polyps, and 79 (63.2%) were nonneoplastic polyps. Fifty-nine polyps (47.2%) and 15 polyps (12%) were located in the proximal and the distal parts of the anastomosis, respectively. The miss rates for the total numbers of polyps and of neoplastic polyps remaining after surgery were 37.4% and 24.2%, respectively. The incidence of neoplastic polyps increased during postoperative colonoscopy as it had during preoperative colonoscopy (r = 0.164, P = 0.048).

Conclusion

Colonoscopic surveillance after colorectal cancer resection results in the detection of pathologic polyps in one-fourth of the cases. During postoperative colonoscopy, careful examination of the proximal colon is necessary. Patients in whom multiple neoplastic polyps had been detected during preoperative colonoscopy require careful and thorough follow-up.

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Bile acids as carcinogens in the colon and at other sites in the gastrointestinal system
Harris Bernstein, Carol Bernstein
Experimental Biology and Medicine.2023; 248(1): 79. CrossRef
Current status of water-assisted colonoscopy
Jun-Quan Shen
World Chinese Journal of Digestology.2020; 28(22): 1162. CrossRef
Resting heart rate is an independent predictor of advanced colorectal adenoma recurrence
Jihye Park, Jae Hyun Kim, Yehyun Park, Soo Jung Park, Jae Hee Cheon, Won Ho Kim, Ji Soo Park, Justin Y. Jeon, Tae Il Kim, John Green
PLOS ONE.2018; 13(3): e0193753. CrossRef
A Study of Metachronous Colorectal Neoplasms after Colorectal Cancer Resection Detected by Surveillance Colonoscopy
Seiji Kimura, Masanori Tanaka, Shinsaku Fukuda
Nippon Daicho Komonbyo Gakkai Zasshi.2017; 70(3): 149. CrossRef
Kolon polipleri sayı ve büyüklüğü malignite göstergesi olabilir mi?
Abdurahman ŞAHİN, Nurettin TUNÇ, Salih KILIÇ, Gökhan ARTAŞ, Ulvi DEMİREL, Orhan K. POYRAZOĞLU, İbrahim H. BAHÇECİOĞLU, Mehmet YALNIZ
Endoskopi Gastrointestinal.2017; : 14. CrossRef
The Effects of Physical Activity and Body Fat Mass on Colorectal Polyp Recurrence in Patients with Previous Colorectal Cancer
Jihye Park, Jae Hyun Kim, Hyun Jung Lee, Soo Jung Park, Sung Pil Hong, Jae Hee Cheon, Won Ho Kim, Ji Soo Park, Justin Y. Jeon, Tae Il Kim
Cancer Prevention Research.2017; 10(8): 478. CrossRef
Frequency of colonic adenomatous polyps in a tertiary hospital in Mumbai
Anjali D. Amarapurkar, Prachi Nichat, Nitin Narawane, Deepak Amarapurkar
Indian Journal of Gastroenterology.2016; 35(4): 299. CrossRef
Surveillance Colonoscopy After a Resection of Colorectal Cancer
Byung Chun Kim
Annals of Coloproctology.2015; 31(5): 170. CrossRef

Distribution of the Colonoscopic Adenoma Detection Rate According to Age: Is Recommending Colonoscopy Screening for Koreans Over the Age of 50 Safe?: Taeseok Bae, Yunhyung Ha, Changkyun Kim, Jihyun Lee, Kwangil Ha, Sanghyun Shin, Youngcheol Lee, Yoonsik Kang; Ann Coloproctol. 2015;31(2):46-51. Published online April 30, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2015.31.2.46

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Abstract PDF

Purpose

This study was conducted to determine the distributions of the polyp detection rate (PDR) and the adenoma detection rate (ADR) according to age by analyzing the polypectomy results.

Methods

A total of 10,098 patients who underwent a colonoscopy in 2013 were included in this study. Chi-square and logistic regression statistical analyses were performed using SPSS ver. 19.

Results

The mean age of the patients was 52.7 years old (median, 54 ± 12.52 years; range, 14 to 92 years). A total of 6,459 adenomatous polyps (61.7%) from a total of 10,462 polyps were eliminated. The PDR was 50.9% (5,136/10,098), and the. ADR was 35.4% (3,579/10,098). The male-to-female ratio was 51.3%:48.7%, with a male-to-female ADR ratio of 42.8% : 27.7% (P < 0.001). In the age distribution, the values of the ADR were 0% for patients in their 10's, 6.3% for those in their 20's, 14.0% for those in their 30's, 28.7% for those in their 40's, 38.4% for those in their 50's, 46.2% for those in their 60's, 55.8% for those in their 70's, 56.1% for those in their 80's, and 33.3% for those in their 90's. In males, the values of the ADR were 0%, 9.1%, 17.1%, 37.8%, 48.2%, 53.6%, 61.7%, 59.1%, and 33.3% for the same age distribution, and a steep increase was found between patients in their 30's and patients in their 40's. Significant (P < 0.001) factors influencing the ADR included sex, previous colonoscopy experience, polypectomy method, and age of more than 40 years.

Conclusion

In considering the adenoma carcinoma sequence, 28.7% of people, especially 37.8% of males in their 40's showed adenomatous polyps. Whether an earlier first-time colonoscopy will have better results in preventing colorectal cancer should be investigated and discussed.

Citations

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Implementing key quality performance metrics improves colorectal adenoma detection: Evidence from India
Sonmoon Mohapatra, Ashutosh Mohapatra, Nitin Jagtap, Krushna Chandra Pani, Gurunath Bhange, Vivek Kaul, Nageshwar Reddy, Mahesh K. Goenka
Indian Journal of Gastroenterology.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Adenoma Detection Rate in Average-Risk Population: An Observational Consecutive Retrospective Study
Xiaoyan He, Xiangyin Lv, Binbin Zhang, Xiaoxuan Ying, Chiyu Hu, Xiaoying Zhou, Jianwen Hu
Cancer Control.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Adenoma Detection Rates in 45–49-Year-Old Persons Undergoing Screening Colonoscopy: Analysis From the GIQuIC Registry
Mohammad Bilal, Jennifer Holub, David Greenwald, Mark B. Pochapin, Douglas K. Rex, Aasma Shaukat
American Journal of Gastroenterology.2022; 117(5): 806. CrossRef
Adenoma Detection Rate in Colonoscopic Screening with Ketamine-based Sedation: A Prospective Observational Study
Mirza KOVACEVIC, Nermina RIZVANOVIC, Adisa SABANOVIC ADILOVIC, Nedim BARUCIJA, Anida ABAZOVIC
Medeniyet Medical Journal.2022; 37(1): 79. CrossRef
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Rishad Khan, Mohamad Habbal, Michael A Scaffidi, Abbas A Bukhari, Amir Rumman, Sarah Al Ghamdi, Stephen D Betschel, Samir C Grover
Journal of the Canadian Association of Gastroenterology.2020; 3(4): 162. CrossRef
Global patterns and trends in colorectal cancer incidence in young adults
Rebecca L Siegel, Lindsey A Torre, Isabelle Soerjomataram, Richard B Hayes, Freddie Bray, Thomas K Weber, Ahmedin Jemal
Gut.2019; 68(12): 2179. CrossRef
Anatomical distribution and detection rate of colorectal neoplasms according to age in the colonoscopic screening of a Korean population
Suk-young Lee, Wan Hee Song, Sang Cheul Oh, Byung-Wook Min, Sun Il Lee
Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research.2018; 94(1): 36. CrossRef
An Adjusted Level of Adenoma Detection Rate is Necessary for Adults Below 50 Years Old
Jin Young Yoon, Jae Myung Cha, Jeong Eun Shin, Kyeong Ok Kim, Hyo-Joon Yang, Hyun Gun Kim, Young-Seok Cho, Sun-Jin Boo, Jun Lee, Yunho Jung, Hyun Jung Lee, Hoon Sup Koo, Young-Eun Joo
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Mohammed Hussein Kamareddine, Youssef Ghosn, Karam Karam, Anwar Andrew Nader, Ahmad El-Mahmoud, Naseem Bou-Ayash, Mansour El-Khoury, Said Farhat
BMJ Open Gastroenterology.2018; 5(1): e000253. CrossRef
LINE-1 is preferentially hypomethylated within adenomatous polyps in the presence of synchronous colorectal cancer
Alice Chu Jiang, Lela Buckingham, William Barbanera, Amoah Yeboah Korang, Faraz Bishesari, Joshua Melson
Clinical Epigenetics.2017;[Epub] CrossRef
Risks of colorectal advanced neoplasia in young adults versus those of screening colonoscopy in patients aged 50 to 54 years
Kyeong Ok Kim, Hyo‐Joon Yang, Jae Myung Cha, Jeong Eun Shin, Hyun Gun Kim, Young‐Seok Cho, Sun‐Jin Boo, Jun Lee, Yunho Jung, Hyun Jung Lee, Kyu Chan Huh, Young‐Eun Joo, Jongha Park, Chang Mo Moon
Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology.2017; 32(11): 1825. CrossRef
Endoscopic Improvement of the Adenoma Detection Rate during Colonoscopy - Where Do We Stand in 2015?
Martin Floer, Tobias Meister
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Clinical study of anesthetization by dezocine combined with propofol for indolent colonoscopy
Bin-Bin Xu, Xiao-Liang Zhao, Gui-Ping Xu
World Journal of Gastroenterology.2016; 22(24): 5609. CrossRef
Role of Colonoscopy in Patients with Hematochezia
Young Wook Kim, Hwang Choi, Gi Jun Kim, Seung Jee Ryu, Sung Min Park, Joon Sung Kim, Jeong-Seon Ji, Byung-Wook Kim, Bo-in Lee, Myung-Gyu Choi
The Korean Journal of Gastroenterology.2016; 67(2): 87. CrossRef
High prevalence of advanced colorectal neoplasia in the Thai population: a prospective screening colonoscopy of 1,404 cases
Bunchorn Siripongpreeda, Chulabhorn Mahidol, Navara Dusitanond, Tassanee Sriprayoon, Bunlung Muyphuag, Thaniya Sricharunrat, Narongchai Teerayatanakul, Watanya Chaiwong, Wipra Worasawate, Prassanee Sattayarungsee, Juthamas Sangthongdee, Jirapa Prarom, Gai
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Adenoma Detection Rate in Patients Younger Than 50 Years of Age: Relationship of the Adenoma Detection Rate to Interval Cancer
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Case Reports

Mucosal Schwann-Cell Hamartoma Diagnosed by Using an Endoscopic Snare Polypectomy: Myoung Nam Bae, Jung Eun Lee, Sang Mook Bae, Eun Young Kim, Eun Ok Kim, Sung Hoon Jung, Jung Hwan Oh, Ki Ok Min; Ann Coloproctol. 2013;29(3):130-134. Published online June 30, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2013.29.3.130

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Abstract PDF

Colorectal polyps of mesenchymal origin are a rare group of colorectal disorders. A "mucosal Schwann-cell hamartoma," which is one type of polypoid lesion that originates from the mesenchyme, is a newly-proposed disease entity to be distinguished from the neurofibromas found in type-1 neurofibromatosis. This lesion is composed of pure Schwann-cell proliferation in the lamina propria and shows diffuse immunoreactivity for the S-100 protein. We report a case of a polypoid lesion of the colon with the features of this recently-proposed disease entity.

Citations

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Hamartoma de células de Schwann asociado a pólipo hiperplásico de colon: un hallazgo excepcional
G. Castillo-López, S. González-Vázquez, T. Iscar-Galán, L. Alarcón-García, J.M. Riesco-López
Revista de Gastroenterología de México.2025; 90(2): 316. CrossRef
Mucosal Schwann Cell Hamartoma of the Appendix: Expanding the Differential for Gastrointestinal Bleeding
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Signet Ring Cell Carcinoma Arising from a Solitary Juvenile Polyp in the Colon: Hae Jung Kim, Min Kwan Kang, Hee Suk Lee, Do Sun Kim, Du Han Lee; J Korean Soc Coloproctol. 2010;26(5):365-367. Published online October 31, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/jksc.2010.26.5.365

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Abstract PDF

Juvenile polyps are relatively common polyps that affect predominantly young patients and may occur in isolated, multiple, and/or familial forms. They have been considered to be benign lesions without neoplastic potential, but for patients with multiple juvenile polyposis, the cumulative malignant risk is greater than fifty percents. In patients with a solitary polyp, the risks are minimal, and only a few cases of malignant change from a solitary juvenile polyp have been reported. We describe the case of a twenty one year old female with one solitary juvenile polyp, which contained a signet ring cell carcinoma in the mucosal layer.

Citations

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Solitary juvenile polyp of the rectum with intramucosal adenocarcinoma
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Cancer risk and mortality in patients with solitary juvenile polyps—A nationwide cohort study with matched controls
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Characteristics and potential malignancy of colorectal juvenile polyps in adults: a single-center retrospective study in China
Jie Dong, Tian-Shi Ma, Yuan-Hong Xu, Peng Li, Wan-Yuan Chen, Jiang-Feng Tu, You-Wei Chen
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Can a Solitary Juvenile Polyp Be Regarded as a Nonmalignant Polyp?
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Ultrasonography with the colonic segment-approach for colonic polyps in children
Yu Wang, Xiao Man Wang, Li Qun Jia
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Original Articles

Genetic Instability and Mutations of Mismatch Repair (MMR) and p53 Gene in Colorectal Cancers with Multiple Polyps and Sporadic Colorectal Cancers.: Chun, Sung Won , Chang, Suk Kyun; J Korean Soc Coloproctol. 2002;18(6):353-362.

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Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
General conceptions of carcinogenic mechanisms by recent reports are ras-p53 gene pathway in sporadic colorectal cancers (SCC), MMR gene pathway in hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC) and APC gene in familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). But in the colorectal cancer with multiple polyps (CCMP), the carcinogenic pathway is not still defined exactly. In order to find out the which carcinogenic pathway control the CCMP and SCC, genetic instability were studied in CCMP and SCC.
METHODS
In this study, genetic instability on D2S123, D3S1029, D5S107, D6S87 and AP delta3 foci and gene mutations of hMLH1 (exon 2, 16, 19), hMSH2 (exon 11, 12, 13, 14) gene of MMR gene, p53 gene (exon 5, 6, 7, 8, 9) were studied on the 60 DNA samples of CCMP (30 cases) and SCC (30 cases).
RESULTS
1. Observed positive genetic instability was higher in CCMP (30%) than SCC (20%), and was higher in right colon cancers (33%) than left colon cancers (23%) or rectal cancers (17%), but not significant statisitically. And observed positive genetic instability was lower in moderate differentiated cancers (16%) than well (67%) or poorly (60%) differentiated cancers (P=0.005). 2. Any mutations of hMLH1 and hMSH2 gene of MMR gene were not observed in both of CCMP and SCC, but 3 cases (2 CCMPs and 1 SCC) point mutations of intron of hMSH2 gene, which were higher in positive genetic instability than negative (P=0.002). 3. This 3 cases point mutations were C for T which were on 6th bases upstream from codon 669. 4. From the results of SSCP for nucleotide sequencing of p53 gene, the abnormal bands were observed in 30% (9 of 30) of CCMP and SCC. Also the abnormal bands were observed in both of positive or negative genetic instability without differences.
CONCLUSIONS
With above results the authors suggested that the mechanism of genetic instability and mutations of p53 gene strongly affect the mechanism of carcinogenesis in SCC and CCMP. And there are relationship between genetic instability and point mutation at intron region of hMSH2 gene. However further evaluation and research is needed to establish relation between APC gene and other different kind of MMR gene.

Clinical Features of Colorectal Serrated Adenomas.: Kim, Hyung Joon , Kim, Tae Hyo , Lim, Byung Lyul , Jung, Gyung Ah , Kim, Hyun Jin , Jung, Woon Tae , Joo, Young Tae , Choi, Sang Kyung , Lee, Jung Hee; J Korean Soc Coloproctol. 2006;22(2):91-96.

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Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
Colorectal cancer is believed to progress through an adenoma-carcinoma sequence. However, recent evidence increasingly supports the existence of an alternative route for colorectal carcinogenesis through a serrated adenoma, which combines the architectural features of hyperplastic polyps with the cytological features of traditional adenomas. We assessed the characteristics and the endoscopic features of serrated adenomas and compared them with those of hyperplastic polyps and traditional adenomas in Korea.
METHODS
The medical records of 344 consecutive patients who underwent a colonoscopic biopsy or polypectomy from January 2003 through August 2004 at Gyeongsang National University Hospital were analyzed retrospectively.
RESULTS
Serrated adenomas were seen in 12 cases (3.4%), and the most common site was the rectum (50%). Endoscopically in most cases, the serrated adenomas had small diameters (< or = 0.5 cm) and were single polyps. Morphologically, the serrated adenomas were flat and non-pedunculated. The coincidental rate of the carcinomas was 8.3%.
CONCLUSIONS
According to this study, serrated adenomas are generally single, sessile adenomas with diameters less than 5 mm, and they are commonly observed in the left colon, especially in the rectum.

Clinicopathologic Features and Clinical Significance of Small and Diminutive Colorectal Polyps.: Lee, Soong , Kim, Seong Ho , Lee, Doo Young , Sun, Jae Hyung , Park, Jin Seok , Park, Ju Sup , Yang, Dae Hyun , Na, Ho Young , Kim, Ky Tai; J Korean Soc Coloproctol. 2005;21(1):6-12.

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Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
Small (6 to 10 mm) and diminutive colon polyps (below 5 mm) are routinely removed at the time of colonoscopy for the prevention of colon cancer. Our aims in this study were to determine clinicopathologic features and frequency of significant synchronous neoplastic lesions of small colon polyps and diminutive colon polyps and to investigate development of colorectal carcinoma via surveillance colonoscopy.
METHODS
We evaluated medical reports of all patients undergoing total colonoscopic examination over a 12-month period. Three hundred thirty nine small colorectal polyps, removed during colonoscopy, have been analyzed. We investigated the result of surveillance colonoscopy, also. Using this database, all adenomas were categorized into two groups: Group I, < or =5 mm diameter (diminutive polyp), Group 2, 6 to 10 mm diameter (small polyp). Significant synchronous adenomas were defined as adenoma over 6 mm diameter, dysplasia or cancer.
RESULTS
The most common age group was the sixth decade. The male-to-female ratio was 2.1 : 1. Of the small colorectal polyps, 180 (53.1%) were adenomatous, 32 (10.0%) were hyperplastic, 119 (34.9%) were chronic nonspecific inflammation, 3 (0.9 %) were lymphoid hyperplasia, and 4 (1.1%) were cancerous. The most frequent sites of these lesions were rectum and sigmoid (60.2%). Recognizable endoscopic features of polyps were redness (35.8%) and nodule (26.3%). The prevalence of advanced proximal synchronous polyps was 20.7% among patients with distal small lesions. And we detected 2 cases (25%) had new small polyps in follow up colonoscopic examination. CONCLUSIONS: All polyps should be removed when encountered during colonoscopy due to the higher prevalence of adenoma among these lesions. Effort to find new polyps via surveillance colonoscopy is needed.

Case Report

Intraoperative Enteroscopic Total Polypectomy for the Patients with Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome.: Yoo, Sang Bum , Kim, Ik Yong , Sung, Seong Hoon , Kim, Dae Sung , Rhoe, Byoung Seon; J Korean Soc Coloproctol. 2004;20(6):405-410.

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Abstract PDF: Patients with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome often suffer complications of the polyps, such as intussusception, bowel obstruction, and bleeding. Furthermore, repeated operations may be required in some patients, which may result in short-bowel syndrome. Intraoperative enteroscopy during a laparotomy for this syndrome was introduced. This can avert multiple enterotomies and decrease bowel resection segments. We report the cases of three consecutive patients with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome who recently underwent intraoperative enteroscopy via enterotomy with successful removal of most small-bowel polyps. The large polyps of the jejunum required an enterotomy for their removal, but smaller polyps at the lower ileum were identified and removed by using intra-operative total enteroscopy. A more complete polypectomy can be performed using this technique, thus allowing patients with Peutz- Jeghers syndrome a longer interval between laparotomies and a reduction in the symptoms attributed to polyps.

Original Article

Clinical Significance of the Colorectal Polyps.: Bae, Tae Seok , Jung, Ki Hoon , Lee, Joon Hee , Oh, Min Gu , Chung, Byung Ook , Bae, Sung Han , Ahn, Woo Sup; J Korean Soc Coloproctol. 2000;16(4):247-253.

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Abstract PDF: The aim of this study was to investigate the association of colorectal polyps with carcinoma of the colon and rectum.
METHODS
Between January 1995 and December 1998, 203 consecutive patients with 423 colorectal polyps retrospectively documented at the Department of General Surgery and College of Medicine in Dongguk University.
RESULTS
The peak age group of the colorectal polyp was in the fifth decades (33.5%). The proportions of malignant polyps were as follows: for size, 5.2% of polyps less than 1.0 cm and 19.5% of polyps larger than 1 cm (P<0.05); for morphology, 2.6% in polyps of Yamada type I, II and 18.5% in polyps of Yamada type III, IV (P<0.05); for location, 13.4% of the polyps located in rectum and sigmoid colon and 7.6% of the polyps located in descending to ascending colon (P>0.05); for number of polyp, 4.5% in cases of single polyp and 25.0% in cases of multiple polyps (P<0.05); for underlying histology, 9.2% in cases of tubular adenoma and 19.2% in cases of villous adenoma (p<0.05). The presence of distal adenomatous polyp was increased the risk of presence of the proximal adenomas (59.7%), whereas the presence of hyperplastic polyp did not (16.7%).
CONCLUSIONS
The malignant potential of colorectal polyps are correlated with size, histologic type, morphologic shape, multiplicity and distal location. The presence of hyperpalstic polyp should not be indication for colonoscopy because they are not associated with proximal adenoma when adjusting for patient characteristics and presence of distal adenoma.

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