Annals of Coloproctology

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Colorectal cancer

Oncologic outcomes and associated factors of colon cancer patients aged 70 years and older: Byeo Lee Lim, In Ja Park, Jun-Soo Ro, Young Il Kim, Seok-Byung Lim, Chang Sik Yu; Ann Coloproctol. 2025;41(3):198-206. Published online August 5, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2023.00367.0052

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Purpose
The aim of this study was to examine the prognosis and associated risk factors, including adjuvant chemotherapy (CTx), in elderly patients with colon cancer.
Methods
This retrospective study included patients who underwent radical resection for colon cancer between January 2010 and December 2014 at Asan Medical Center. The effects of stage, risk factors, and chemotherapy on overall survival (OS) and recurrence-free survival (RFS) were compared in patients aged ≥70 and <70 years.
Results
Of 3,313 patients, 933 (28.1%) was aged ≥70 years. Of the 1,921 patients indicated for adjuvant CTx, 1,294 of 1,395 patients (92.8%) aged <70 years and 369 of 526 patients (70.2%) aged ≥70 years received adjuvant CTx. Old age (≥70 years) was independently associated with RFS in overall cohort. Among patients aged ≥70 years indicated for adjuvant CTx, the 5-year OS (81.6% vs. 50.4%, P<0.001) and RFS (82.9% vs. 67.4%, P=0.025) rates were significantly higher in those who did than did not receive adjuvant CTx. Additionally, adjuvant CTx was confirmed as independent risk factor of both OS and RFS in patients aged ≥70 years indicated for adjuvant CTx.
Conclusion
Old age was associated with poor RFS and adjuvant CTx had benefits in OS as well as RFS in elderly patients eligible for adjuvant CTx.

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Immunological changes and recovery-related factors in older patients with colon cancer: A pilot trial
Byeo Lee Lim, Young Il Kim, Jong Lyul Lee, Chan Wook Kim, Yong Sik Yoon, Yousun Ko, Kyung Won Kim, In Ja Park
Journal of Geriatric Oncology.2025; 16(3): 102200. CrossRef
Stage II-III colorectal cancer in geriatric patients: Clinicopathological features and chemotherapy utilization
Yakup Duzkopru, Özlem Doğan
Turkish Journal of Clinics and Laboratory.2025; 16(1): 118. CrossRef
Does Oxaliplatin-based Adjuvant Therapy Benefit Older Colorectal Cancer Patients?
Peter Hofland
Onco Zine - The International Oncology Network.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Early detection of anastomotic leakage in colon cancer surgery: the role of early warning score and C-reactive protein
Gyung Mo Son
Annals of Coloproctology.2024; 40(5): 415. CrossRef
Efficacy of Neoadjuvant Hypofractionated Chemoradiotherapy in Elderly Patients with Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer: A Single-Center Retrospective Analysis
Jae Seung Kim, Jaram Lee, Hyeung-min Park, Soo Young Lee, Chang Hyun Kim, Hyeong Rok Kim
Cancers.2024; 16(24): 4280. CrossRef

Colorectal cancer

Evaluating prognostic significance of preoperative C-reactive protein to albumin ratio in older patients with pathological stage II or III colorectal cancer: Koji Numata, Yukari Ono, Mihwa Ju, Shizune Onuma, Ayano Tanaka, Taichi Kawabe, Sho Sawazaki, Akio Higuchi, Kazuki Yamanaka, Shinsuke Hatori, Hiroyuki Saeki, Hiroshi Matsukawa, Yasushi Rino, Kazuyuki Tani; Ann Coloproctol. 2024;40(2):161-168. Published online October 11, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2022.00367.0052

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Abstract PDF

Purpose
This study was performed to evaluate the prognostic value of preoperative C-reactive protein to albumin ratio (CAR) in older patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) undergoing curative resection.
Methods
We retrospectively analyzed 244 older patients (aged 75 years or higher) with pathological stage II or III CRC who underwent curative surgery between 2008 and 2016. The optimal value of CAR was calculated and its correlation with the clinicopathological factors and prognosis was examined.
Results
The optimal cutoff value of the CAR was 0.085. High preoperative CAR was significantly associated with high carcinoembryonic antigen levels (P=0.001), larger tumor size (P<0.001), and pT factor (P=0.001). On multivariate analysis, high CAR was independent prognostic factor for relapse-free survival (P=0.042) and overall survival (P=0.001).
Conclusion
Preoperative elevated CAR could be considered as an adverse predictor of both relapse-free survival and overall survival in older patients with CRC undergoing curative surgery.

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C-Reactive Protein/Albumin Ratio Is an Independent Risk Factor for Recurrence and Survival Following Curative Resection of Stage I–III Colorectal Cancer in Older Patients
Tomoaki Bekki, Manabu Shimomura, Minoru Hattori, Saki Sato, Atsuhiro Watanabe, Sho Ishikawa, Kouki Imaoka, Kosuke Ono, Keiso Matsubara, Tetsuya Mochizuki, Shintaro Akabane, Takuya Yano, Hideki Ohdan
Annals of Surgical Oncology.2024; 31(7): 4812. CrossRef
Towards a Gradual Optimization of Oncologic Prognostic Factors in the Era of the Frail Patient: The Potential Role of Preoperative Inflammation and Nutritional Status
Giuseppe Zimmitti
Annals of Surgical Oncology.2024; 31(8): 4853. CrossRef
Prognostic role of C-reactive protein to albumin ratio in cancer patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors: a meta-analysis
Menglu Dai, Wei Wu
Frontiers in Oncology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
The association of blood biomarkers with treatment response and adverse health outcomes in older patients with solid tumors: A systematic review
Yara van Holstein, P. Janne E. van den Berkmortel, Stella Trompet, Diana van Heemst, Frederiek van den Bos, Marieke Roemeling-van Rhijn, Nienke A. de Glas, Marian Beekman, P. Eline Slagboom, Johanneke E.A. Portielje, Simon P. Mooijaart, Barbara C. van Mun
Journal of Geriatric Oncology.2023; 14(7): 101567. CrossRef
Prognostic prediction of colorectal cancer using the C-reactive protein to albumin ratio: the importance of inflammatory biomarkers and their association with long-term outcomes
Chul Seung Lee
Annals of Coloproctology.2023; 39(4): 287. CrossRef

Colorectal cancer

Clinical impact of C-reactive protein to albumin ratio of the 7th postoperative day on prognosis after laparoscopic colorectal cancer surgery: Masahiro Kataoka, Kuniyuki Gomi, Ken Ichioka, Takuya Iguchi, Tomoki Shirota, Arano Makino, Ko Shimada, Kiyotomi Maruyama, Motohiro Mihara, Shoji Kajikawa; Ann Coloproctol. 2023;39(4):315-325. Published online June 13, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2022.00234.0033

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Graphical Abstract Abstract PDF

Purpose
C-reactive protein to albumin ratio (CAR) has been utilized as a prognostic factor in various carcinomas. We investigated the relationship between preoperative, postoperative day (POD) 1, and POD 7 CARs and the prognosis of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC).
Methods
Three hundred twenty patients with CRC who underwent laparoscopic radical resection between May 2011 and December 2016 were enrolled. Patients were selected into 2 groups, high CAR and low CAR (n=72/group), based on preoperative, POD 1, and POD 7 CARs. The relapse-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) were compared between groups using propensity score matching.
Results
The high CAR group had a significantly worse RFS (P<0.001) and OS (P=0.002) at POD 7 than those in the low CAR group. However, in preoperative and POD 1 analysis, no differences were observed.
Conclusion
In patients with CRC, CAR of POD 7 was a significant prognostic factor.

Citations

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The C-Reactive Protein Combination Ratios Outperform the Albumin-Globulin Ratio in Diagnosing Periprosthetic Joint Infection After Total Knee Arthroplasty
Don H. Le, Jason M. Dayan, Anzar Sarfraz, Ran Schwarzkopf, Vinay Aggarwal, Alan J. Dayan
The Journal of Arthroplasty.2025; 40(12): 3291. CrossRef
Music therapy combined with anesthesia recovery care boosts anesthesia recovery in colorectal cancer patients undergoing laparoscopic radical resection
Yan Zheng, Hai-Fang Ni, Yan Shi, Dan-Qian Cui, Zhen-Zhu Wu, Yu-Feng Ling, Shui-Qing He, Xiao-Yun Qin
World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
C-Reactive Protein/Albumin Ratio Is an Independent Risk Factor for Recurrence and Survival Following Curative Resection of Stage I–III Colorectal Cancer in Older Patients
Tomoaki Bekki, Manabu Shimomura, Minoru Hattori, Saki Sato, Atsuhiro Watanabe, Sho Ishikawa, Kouki Imaoka, Kosuke Ono, Keiso Matsubara, Tetsuya Mochizuki, Shintaro Akabane, Takuya Yano, Hideki Ohdan
Annals of Surgical Oncology.2024; 31(7): 4812. CrossRef
Prognostic impact of preoperative nutritional and immune inflammatory parameters on liver cancer
Sung Uk Bae
World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery.2024; 16(2): 266. CrossRef
Revisiting the diagnostic performance of exosomes: harnessing the feasibility of combinatorial exosomal miRNA profiles for colorectal cancer diagnosis
Jin Sung Park, Jin Ah Choi, Da Han Hyun, Chorok Byeon, Sang Gyu Kwak, Jun Seok Park, Seonki Hong
Discover Oncology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Impact of Postoperative Naples Prognostic Score to Predict Survival in Patients with Stage II–III Colorectal Cancer
Su Hyeong Park, Hye Seung Woo, In Kyung Hong, Eun Jung Park
Cancers.2023; 15(20): 5098. CrossRef
Applications of propensity score matching: a case series of articles published in Annals of Coloproctology
Hwa Jung Kim
Annals of Coloproctology.2022; 38(6): 398. CrossRef

Colorecal cancer

Prognostic significance of lymph node yield on oncologic outcomes according to tumor response after preoperative chemoradiotherapy in rectal cancer patients: Hyo Seon Ryu, In Ja Park, Bo Kyung Ahn, Min Young Park, Min Sung Kim, Young Il Kim, Seok-Byung Lim, Jin Cheon Kim; Ann Coloproctol. 2023;39(5):410-420. Published online April 28, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2022.00143.0020

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Graphical Abstract Abstract PDF

Purpose
This study aimed to evaluate the predictive value of lymph node yield (LNY) for survival outcomes according to tumor response after preoperative chemoradiotherapy (PCRT) in patients with rectal cancer.
Methods
This study was a retrospective study conducted in a tertiary center. A total of 1,240 patients with clinical stage II or III rectal cancer who underwent curative resection after PCRT between 2007 and 2016 were included. Patients were categorized into the good response group (tumor regression grade [TRG], 0–1) or poor response group (TRG, 2–3). Propensity score matching was performed for age, sex, and pathologic stage between LNY of ≥12 and LNY of <12 within tumor response group. The primary outcome was 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS).
Results
LNY and positive lymph nodes were inversely correlated with TRG. In good responders, 5-year DFS and 5-year OS of patients with LNY of <12 were better than those with LNY of ≥12, but there was no statistical significance. In poor responders, the LNY of <12 group had worse survival outcomes than the LNY of ≥12 group, but there was also no statistical significance. LNY of ≥12 was not associated with DFS and OS in multivariate analysis.
Conclusion
LNY of <12 showed contrasting outcomes between the good and poor responders in 5-year DFS and OS. LNY of 12 may not imply adequate oncologic surgery or proper staging in rectal cancer patients treated by PCRT. Furthermore, a decrease in LNY should be comprehended differently according to tumor response.

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Jian Ma, Runyang Hao, Shuai Jiao, Qingmin Chen, Baohong Yang, Xu Guan, Jiale Li, Xinxuan Zhao, Yu Huo, Qingxia Xu, Haiyi Liu, Wen Su, Xishan Wang
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Hyo Seon Ryu, Jong Lyul Lee, Chan Wook Kim, Yong Sik Yoon, In Ja Park, Seok-Byung Lim, Yong Sang Hong, Tae Won Kim, Chang Sik Yu
Clinical Colorectal Cancer.2024; 23(4): 392. CrossRef
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Minsung Kim, Sang Min Lee, Il Tae Son, Jaewoong Kang, Gyoung Tae Noh, Bo Young Oh
Journal of Clinical Medicine.2024; 13(23): 7018. CrossRef
Multidisciplinary Treatment Strategy for Early Colon Cancer: A Review-An English Version
Gyung Mo Son, Su Bum Park, Tae Un Kim, Byung-Soo Park, In Young Lee, Joo-Young Na, Dong Hoon Shin, Sang Bo Oh, Sung Hwan Cho, Hyun Sung Kim, Hyung Wook Kim
Journal of the Anus, Rectum and Colon.2022; 6(4): 203. CrossRef

Review

Malignant disease, Rectal cancer,Colorectal cancer,Prognosis,Biomarker & risk factor

Pretreatment inflammatory markers predicting treatment outcomes in colorectal cancer: Sanghyun An, Hongjin Shim, Kwangmin Kim, Bora Kim, Hui-Jae Bang, Hyejin Do, Hyang-Rae Lee, Youngwan Kim; Ann Coloproctol. 2022;38(2):97-108. Published online March 29, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2021.01004.0143

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Abstract PDF

We aimed to review whether pretreatment inflammatory markers reflect the short- and long-term outcomes of patients with colon cancer, rectal cancer, colon and rectal cancers, and metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC). We found that pretreatment complete blood count and blood chemistry tests reflect short-term and long-term oncological outcomes in patients with CRC. Specifically, in patients with colon cancer, hypoalbuminemia was associated with worse postoperative morbidity, mortality, and inferior survival. In patients with rectal cancer, elevated neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and thrombocytosis were associated with postoperative complications, poor overall survival (OS), and disease-free survival (DFS). A high C-reactive protein/albumin ratio (CAR) was associated with poor OS and DFS. In patients with metastatic CRC, increased NLR and platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) were associated with poor OS, DFS, and progression-free survival (PFS). In addition, high CAR and a low albumin/globulin ratio on blood chemistry tests were associated with poor OS and PFS. Although universal cut-off values were not available, various types of pretreatment laboratory markers could be utilized as adjuncts to predict prognosis in patients with CRC.

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Immunological changes and recovery-related factors in older patients with colon cancer: A pilot trial
Byeo Lee Lim, Young Il Kim, Jong Lyul Lee, Chan Wook Kim, Yong Sik Yoon, Yousun Ko, Kyung Won Kim, In Ja Park
Journal of Geriatric Oncology.2025; 16(3): 102200. CrossRef
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Minsung Kim, Il Tae Son, Bo Young Oh
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Scientific Reports.2022;[Epub] CrossRef

Original Articles

Malignant disease,Colorectal cancer,Epidemiology & etiology

Clinicopathologic characteristics of early-onset colorectal cancer: Kui Seon Park, Young Ki Hong, Yoon Jung Choi, Jung Gu Kang; Ann Coloproctol. 2022;38(5):362-369. Published online March 11, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2021.00976.0139

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219 Download
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Abstract PDF

Purpose
The aim of this study was to analysis of the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis of colorectal cancer (CRC) under the age of 50 years.
Methods
Between January 2009 and December 2018, 1,126 primary CRC patients were included from National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital. The patients were divided into group 1 (n=111, ≤50 years) and group 2 (n=1,015, >50 years). The clinicopathologic features and prognostic outcomes were compared. In addition, to analyze whether there were any differences of those characteristics in 3 groups, patients aged under 50 years were divided into their 20s, 30s, and 40s.
Results
Group 1 had a slightly higher distribution in the left colon and rectum, lower T stage I and higher T stage IV rate, and a significantly higher distribution in stage N2 than group 2 (30.6%:16.3%, P<0.001). Poor histological differentiation of tumors was significantly high in group 1 (P=0.003). The 5-year survival rate for those in their 30s (69.2%) and 40s (91.6%) was higher than those in their 20s who died immediately after surgery (P<0.001). The 5-year disease-free survival rate was also confirmed to be meaningful for each age group, with 0% in their 20s, 53.8% in their 30s, 79.2% in their 40s (P<0.001).
Conclusion
Although the age was not an independent prognostic factor for overall survival in this study, the early onset group of CRCs is more advanced at the time of diagnosis and has a more aggressive histologic type.

Citations

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Vlad Alexandru Ionescu, Gina Gheorghe, Ioana-Alexandra Baban, Alexandru Barbu, Teodor Florin Georgescu, Loredana-Crista Tiuca, Ninel Antonie Iacobus, Camelia Cristina Diaconu
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Muhammad S Khan, Azwa Ali, Murk Niaz, Raheena Hassan, Bushra Shirazi, Raja Taha Yaseen Khan
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Daichi Kitaguchi, Eun Jung Park, Seung Hyuk Baik, Shoma Sasaki, Yuichiro Tsukada, Masaaki Ito
International Journal of Surgery.2024; 110(1): 45. CrossRef
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Yi-Tong Li, Xiang-Yu Wang, Bo Zhang, Bao-Rui Tao, Zhen-Mei Chen, Xiao-Chen Ma, Jia-Hao Han, Chong Zhang, Rui Zhang, Jin-Hong Chen
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Abdulmohsin Fawzi Aldilaijan, Young Il Kim, Chan Wook Kim, Yong Sik Yoon, In Ja Park, Seok-Byung Lim, Jihun Kim, Jun-Soo Ro, Jin Cheon Kim
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Patients younger than 40 years with colorectal cancer have a similar prognosis to older patients
Tomoki Abe, Takeru Matsuda, Ryuichiro Sawada, Hiroshi Hasegawa, Kimihiro Yamashita, Takashi Kato, Hitoshi Harada, Naoki Urakawa, Hironobu Goto, Shingo Kanaji, Taro Oshikiri, Yoshihiro Kakeji
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Su Bee Park, Jin Young Yoon, Min Seob Kwak, Jae Myung Cha
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Su Hyeong Park, Hye Seung Woo, In Kyung Hong, Eun Jung Park
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Gyoung Tae Noh
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Gyung Mo Son
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Malignant disease,Prognosis and adjuvant therapy,Colorectal cancer

Prognostic Factors Affecting Disease-Free Survival and Overall Survival in T4 Colon Cancer: Taeyeong Eom, Yujin Lee, Jungbin Kim, Inseok Park, Geumhee Gwak, Hyunjin Cho, Keunho Yang, Kiwhan Kim, Byung-Noe Bae; Ann Coloproctol. 2021;37(4):259-265. Published online June 24, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2020.00759.0108; Correction in: Ann Coloproctol 2023;39(5):444

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109 Download
19 Web of Science
19 Citations

Abstract PDF

Purpose
It is known that as the T stage of a carcinoma progresses, the prognosis becomes poorer. However, there are few studies about factors that affect the prognosis of T4 advanced colon cancer. This study aimed to identify the prognostic factors associated with disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) in T4 colon cancer.
Methods
Patients diagnosed with stage T4 on histopathology after undergoing curative surgery for colon cancer between March 2009 and March 2018 were retrospectively analyzed for factors related to postoperative survival. Primary outcomes were DFS and OS.
Results
Eighty-two patients were included in the study. DFS and OS of the pathologic (p) T4b group were not inferior to that of the pT4a group. Multivariate analysis showed that differentiation (hazard ratio [HR], 4.994; P = 0.005), and laparoscopic surgery (HR, 0.323; P = 0.008) were significant prognostic factors for DFS, while differentiation (HR, 7.904; P ≤ 0.001) and chemotherapy (HR, 0.344; P = 0.038) were significant prognostic factors for OS.
Conclusion
Tumor differentiation, laparoscopic surgery, and adjuvant chemotherapy were found to be significant prognostic factors in patients with T4 colon cancer. Adjuvant chemotherapy and curative resections by laparoscopy might improve the prognosis in these patients.

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Sebastián Jerí-McFarlane, Álvaro García-Granero, Marco Antonio Martínez-Ortega, Isabel Amengual-Antich, Ángela Rodríguez Robayo, Margarita Gamundí-Cuesta, Francisco Xavier González-Argenté
European Journal of Surgical Oncology.2025; 51(2): 109584. CrossRef
Prognostic Factors of Postoperative Mortality in Patients with Complicated Right Colon Cancer
Raul Mihailov, Corina Dima, Bianca Georgiana Constantin, Florentin Dimofte, Mihaela Craescu, Lavinia Moroianu, Laura Iuliana Candussi, Virginia Lutenco, Oana Mariana Mihailov, Valerii Lutenco
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Clinical Nutrition ESPEN.2025; 69: 492. CrossRef
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Daichi Kitaguchi, Eun Jung Park, Seung Hyuk Baik, Shoma Sasaki, Yuichiro Tsukada, Masaaki Ito
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Cytotoxicity of Salvigenin from Asterohyptis stellulata in Combination with Clinical Drugs Against Colorectal Cancer
Briand André Rojas-Castaño, Adriana C. Hernández-Rojas, Rogelio Pereda-Miranda, Mabel Fragoso-Serrano
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The Association Between Surgical Site Infection and Prognosis of T4 Colorectal Cancer
Takuya Koike, Masaya Mukai, Kyoko Kishima, Daiki Yokoyama, Sayuri Hasegawa, Lin Fung Chan, Hideki Izumi, Kazutake Okada, Tomoko Sugiyama, Takuma Tajiri
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Can clinicopathologic high-risk features in T3N0 colon cancer be reliable prognostic factors?
Hyun Gu Lee, Young IL Kim, In Ja Park, Seok-Byung Lim, Chang Sik Yu
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Clinical implication of tissue carcinoembryonic antigen expression in association with serum carcinoembryonic antigen in colorectal cancer
Abdulmohsin Fawzi Aldilaijan, Young Il Kim, Chan Wook Kim, Yong Sik Yoon, In Ja Park, Seok-Byung Lim, Jihun Kim, Jun-Soo Ro, Jin Cheon Kim
Scientific Reports.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
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Ji-Hyun Seo, In-Ja Park
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Erratum to “Prognostic factors affecting disease-free survival and overall survival in T4 colon cancer”

Annals of Coloproctology.2023; 39(5): 444. CrossRef
Inflammatory Response Markers as Predictors of Colorectal Cancer Prognosis
Minsung Kim, Il Tae Son, Bo Young Oh
The Ewha Medical Journal.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
The Prognostic Reliability of Lymphovascular Invasion for Patients with T3N0 Colorectal Cancer in Adjuvant Chemotherapy Decision Making
Hayoung Lee, Seung-Yeon Yoo, In Ja Park, Seung-Mo Hong, Seok-Byung Lim, Chang Sik Yu, Jin Cheon Kim
Cancers.2022; 14(12): 2833. CrossRef
Molecular analyses of peritoneal metastasis from colorectal cancer
Chang Hyun Kim
Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2022; 65(9): 586. CrossRef
Molecular Analyses in Peritoneal Metastasis from Colorectal Cancer: A Review-An English Version
Chang Hyun Kim
Journal of the Anus, Rectum and Colon.2022; 6(4): 197. CrossRef
Impact on inadequate lymph node harvest on survival in T4N0 colorectal cancer: A would-be medical center experience in Taiwan
Yi-Kai Kao, Hsin-Pao Chen, Kuang-Wen Liu, Ling-Chiao Song, Yi-Chieh Chen, Yu-Chun Lin, Chih-I Chen
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Tsutomu Kumamoto, Shigeki Yamaguchi, Ryosuke Nakagawa, Yoji Nagashima, Fumi Maeda, Kimitaka Tani, Hiroka Kondo, Kurodo Koshino, Yuka Kaneko, Yoshiko Bamba, Shimpei Ogawa, Yuji Inoue, Michio Itabashi
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Javier Fernández, Blanca Silván, Rodrigo Entrialgo-Cadierno, Claudio J. Villar, Raffaele Capasso, José Antonio Uranga, Felipe Lombó, Raquel Abalo
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy.2021; 143: 112241. CrossRef

Malignant disease, Rectal cancer,Prognosis and adjuvant therapy,Colorectal cancer

The Impact of Primary Tumor Resection on Survival in Asymptomatic Colorectal Cancer Patients With Unresectable Metastases: Ki Yoon Doah, Ui Sup Shin, Byong Ho Jeon, Sang Sik Cho, Sun Mi Moon; Ann Coloproctol. 2021;37(2):94-100. Published online April 30, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2020.09.15.1

6,453 View
93 Download
17 Citations

Abstract PDF

Purpose
This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of primary tumor resection (PTR) in asymptomatic colorectal cancer (CRC) patients with unresectable metastases using the inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) method to minimize selection bias.
Methods
We selected 146 patients diagnosed with stage IV CRC with unresectable metastasis between 2001 and 2018 from our institutional database. In a multivariate logistic regression model using the patients’ baseline covariates associated with PTR, we applied the IPTW method based on a propensity score and performed a weighted Cox proportional regression analysis to estimate survival according to PTR.
Results
Upfront PTR was performed in 98 patients, and no significant differences in baseline factors were detected. The upweighted median survival of the PTR group was 18 months and that of the non-PTR group was 15 months (P = 0.15). After applying the IPTW, the PTR was still insignificant in the univariate Cox regression (hazard ratio [HR], 0.26; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.5–1.21). However, in the multivariate weighted Cox regression with adjustment for other covariates, the PTR showed a significantly decreased risk of cancer-related death (HR, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.40–0.94).
Conclusion
In this study, we showed that asymptomatic CRC patients with unresectable metastases could gain a survival benefit from upfront PTR by analysis with the IPTW method. However, randomized controlled trials are mandatory.

Citations

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A predictive model to identify optimal candidates for surgery among patients with metastatic colorectal cancer
Xiqiang Zhang, Zhaoyi Jing, Longchao Wu, Ze Tao, Dandan Lu
Frontiers in Oncology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Recurrence Rates and Postoperative Complications Following Colorectal Cancer Surgery: A 5-Year Study at a Tertiary Care Hospital in Peshawar
Tilal Ahmed Raza, Hussain Jan Abbasi, Farrukh Ozair, Hajra Imtiaz
Pakistan Journal of Health Sciences.2025; : 120. CrossRef
Primary tumor resection for asymptomatic colorectal cancer patients with synchronous unresectable metastases: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials and case-matched studies
Jun Huang, Jiahao Zhou, Ping Zhang, Qingbin Wu, Ziqiang Wang
Langenbeck's Archives of Surgery.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Effect of primary tumor resection on survival in patients with asymptomatic unresectable metastatic colorectal cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Chengren Zhang, Cong Cao, Lili Liu, Yaochun Lv, Jingjing Li, Jiyong Lu, Shuai Wang, Binbin Du, Xiongfei Yang
Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy.2023; 23(1): 107. CrossRef
The role of upfront primary tumor resection in asymptomatic patients with unresectable stage IV colorectal cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Zongyu Liang, Zhiyuan Liu, Chengzhi Huang, Xin Chen, Zhaojun Zhang, Meijuan Xiang, Weixian Hu, Junjiang Wang, Xingyu Feng, Xueqing Yao
Frontiers in Surgery.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Primary tumor resection in colorectal cancer patients with unresectable distant metastases: a minireview
Junge Bai, Ming Yang, Zheng Liu, Sergey Efetov, Cuneyt Kayaalp, Audrius Dulskas, Darcy Shaw, Xishan Wang
Frontiers in Oncology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Palliative primary tumor resection in minimally symptomatic (asymptomatic) patients with colorectal cancer and synchronous unresectable metastases versus chemotherapy alone: a metaanalysis
Iu. V. Alimova, Yu. A. Shelygin, E. G. Rybakov, M. V. Alekseev
Koloproktologia.2023; 22(2): 126. CrossRef
The impact of primary tumor resection for asymptomatic colorectal cancer patients with unresectable metastases: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Shuyuan Li, Liqiang Ji, Jie Huang, Ye Wang, Peng Liu, Wei Zhang, Zheng Lou
International Journal of Colorectal Disease.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
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Iu. V. Alimova, S. I. Achkasov, Yu. A. Shelygin, M. V. Alekseev, V. N. Kashnikov, M. Yu. Fedyanin, M. A. Danilov, E. G. Rybakov
Koloproktologia.2023; 22(4): 10. CrossRef
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Hyo Seon Ryu, Jin Kim, Ye Ryung Park, Eun Hae Cho, Jeong Min Choo, Ji-Seon Kim, Se-Jin Baek, Jung-Myun Kwak
Cancers.2023; 15(24): 5791. CrossRef
Palliative primary tumor resection in minimally symptomatic patients with colorectal cancer and synchronous unresectable metastases: when is it necessary? (systematic review)
Iu. V. Alimova, Yu. A. Shelygin, E. G. Rybakov
Koloproktologia.2022; 21(3): 99. CrossRef
Surgical treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer
Eun Jung Park, Seung Hyuk Baik
Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2022; 65(9): 568. CrossRef
Recent Advance in the Surgical Treatment of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer-An English Version
Eun Jung Park, Seung Hyuk Baik
Journal of the Anus, Rectum and Colon.2022; 6(4): 213. CrossRef
Molecular analyses of peritoneal metastasis from colorectal cancer
Chang Hyun Kim
Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2022; 65(9): 586. CrossRef
Molecular Analyses in Peritoneal Metastasis from Colorectal Cancer: A Review-An English Version
Chang Hyun Kim
Journal of the Anus, Rectum and Colon.2022; 6(4): 197. CrossRef
Primary Tumor Resection in Asymptomatic Colorectal Cancer Patients With Unresectable Metastases: Can It Improve Survival?
Myong Hoon Ihn
Annals of Coloproctology.2021; 37(2): 71. CrossRef
Treatment for Peritoneal Metastasis of Patients With Colorectal Cancer
Young Jin Kim, Chang Hyun Kim
Annals of Coloproctology.2021; 37(6): 425. CrossRef

Malignant disease,Prognosis and adjuvant therapy,Colorectal cancer,Biomarker & risk factor

Prognostic Factor and Survival Benefit of Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Stage IIA Colon Cancer: Mok-Won Lee, Jin-Su Kim, Ji-Yeon Kim, Kyung-ha Lee; Ann Coloproctol. 2021;37(1):35-43. Published online September 18, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2020.09.03

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136 Download
10 Web of Science
8 Citations

Abstract PDF

Purpose
There is no clear evidence of the benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) in stage IIA colon cancer. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the prognostic factors and survival benefit of AC in this disease.
Methods
A retrospective data collection for patients who underwent radical surgery for colon cancer between January 2008 and December 2015 was undertaken. The cohort was divided into the no-AC and AC groups.
Results
We included 227 patients with stage IIA colon cancer in our study cohort, including 67 and 160 patients in the no-AC and AC groups, respectively. The number of retrieved lymph nodes and the presence of tumor complications as obstruction or perforation were independent risk factors for survival. In the no-AC group, there was a significant difference in survival according to the number of retrieved lymph nodes. In the AC group, there were significant differences in survival according to sidedness and preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). There was no significant difference in survival between the no-AC and the AC groups.
Conclusion
The number of retrieved lymph nodes and the presence of tumor complications were prognostic factors for stage IIA colon cancer but lymphovascular and perineural invasion were not. Sidedness and preoperative CEA could be used as factors to predict the benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy. Currently, it is believed that there is no benefit of AC for stage IIA colon cancer. Further studies are needed to determine the survival benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy in stage IIA colon cancer.

Citations

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Can clinicopathologic high-risk features in T3N0 colon cancer be reliable prognostic factors?
Hyun Gu Lee, Young IL Kim, In Ja Park, Seok-Byung Lim, Chang Sik Yu
Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research.2023; 104(2): 109. CrossRef
Clinical Effectiveness of Fluorescence Lymph Node Mapping Using ICG for Laparoscopic Right Hemicolectomy: A Prospective Case–Control Study
Gyung Mo Son, Mi Sook Yun, In Young Lee, Sun Bin Im, Kyung Hee Kim, Su Bum Park, Tae Un Kim, Dong-Hoon Shin, Armaan M. Nazir, Gi Won Ha
Cancers.2023; 15(20): 4927. CrossRef
Impact of Postoperative Naples Prognostic Score to Predict Survival in Patients with Stage II–III Colorectal Cancer
Su Hyeong Park, Hye Seung Woo, In Kyung Hong, Eun Jung Park
Cancers.2023; 15(20): 5098. CrossRef
The Prognostic Reliability of Lymphovascular Invasion for Patients with T3N0 Colorectal Cancer in Adjuvant Chemotherapy Decision Making
Hayoung Lee, Seung-Yeon Yoo, In Ja Park, Seung-Mo Hong, Seok-Byung Lim, Chang Sik Yu, Jin Cheon Kim
Cancers.2022; 14(12): 2833. CrossRef
Molecular Analyses in Peritoneal Metastasis from Colorectal Cancer: A Review-An English Version
Chang Hyun Kim
Journal of the Anus, Rectum and Colon.2022; 6(4): 197. CrossRef
Adjuvant chemotherapy benefits on patients with elevated carcinoembryonic antigen in stage IIA colon cancer: a SEER-based analysis
Huabin Zhou, Songsheng Wang, Zhai Cai, Enming Qiu, Qianyun Chen, Xi Rao, Shuai Han, Zhou Li
International Journal of Colorectal Disease.2022; 37(12): 2481. CrossRef
Molecular analyses of peritoneal metastasis from colorectal cancer
Chang Hyun Kim
Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2022; 65(9): 586. CrossRef
Direction of diagnosis and treatment improvement in colorectal cancer
In Ja Park
Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2022; 65(9): 540. CrossRef

Malignant disease, Rectal cancer

Clinicopathologic Analysis of Lateral Margin Measured by Whole-Mount Section in T3 Rectal Cancer: Soomin Nam, Youngki Hong, Yoon Jung Choi, Jung Gu Kang; Ann Coloproctol. 2020;36(3):172-177. Published online January 31, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2020.01.19.1

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4 Citations

Abstract PDF

Purpose
Total mesorectal excision is a standard technique for rectal cancer. The whole-mount section can encompass the entire specimen, so it is a more appropriate for measuring circumferential margin than conventional section. We analyzed the clinical characteristics and prognosis based on lateral margins measured by whole-mount sections. Materials and Methods: Medical records of patients who were operated on for T3 rectal cancer from 2005 to 2015 were reviewed retrospectively. A total of 154 patients were included. The slides of the whole-mount sections were re-reviewed by a single pathologist.
Results
We divided the groups according to the length of the lateral margin (LM: 1mm, 1.5mm and 2mm). There was significantly frequent lymphovascular invasion and N state was higher when LM was short in all groups. There were more micrometastasis in group LM

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Risk factors of positive resection margin differ in pancreaticoduodenectomy and distal pancreatosplenectomy for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma undergoing upfront surgery
Bo Li, Shiwei Guo, Xiaoyi Yin, Chenming Ni, Suizhi Gao, Gang Li, Canrong Ni, Hui Jiang, Wan Yee Lau, Gang Jin
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Gyung Mo Son, Su Bum Park, Tae Un Kim, Byung-Soo Park, In Young Lee, Joo-Young Na, Dong Hoon Shin, Sang Bo Oh, Sung Hwan Cho, Hyun Sung Kim, Hyung Wook Kim
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Multidisciplinary Treatment Strategy for Early Colon Cancer: A Review-An English Version
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Is Whole-Mount Section in Rectal Cancer Effective for Measuring Lateral Margin?
Jun Seong Chung, Han Deok Kwak, Jae Kyun Ju
Annals of Coloproctology.2020; 36(3): 131. CrossRef

Case Report

Malignant disease

Nasal Cavity Metastasis From Colorectal Cancer Represents End-Stage Disease and Should Be Palliated: Stephen Hwang, Dedrick Kok Hong Chan, Fredrik Petersson, Ker-Kan Tan; Ann Coloproctol. 2020;36(2):119-121. Published online November 13, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2019.03.04

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113 Download
5 Web of Science
6 Citations

Abstract PDF

Nasal metastases from colorectal cancer is rare. The presentation of nasal metastases is often very similar to primary nasal sinus adenocarcinoma. A high index of suspicion is required, especially in patients who have had a previous history of colorectal carcinoma. Histology is ultimately required for diagnosis. We describe 2 cases of nasal metastases from colorectal carcinoma, and discuss the presentation, diagnosis and management of the case. Such metastatic disease ultimately represents end-stage malignancy, and patients should be palliated.

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Eun Jung Park, Seung Hyuk Baik
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Nishant Lohia, Harish Sadashiva, Sankalp Singh, Samir Agarwal, Vikas Gupta, Manoj Prashar, Gaurav Trivedi
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BMJ Case Reports.2021; 14(9): e244485. CrossRef

Original Articles

Neutrophil to Lymphocyte Ratio: A Predictive Marker for Treatment Outcomes in Patients With Rectal Cancer Who Underwent Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation Followed by Surgery: Byong Ho Jeon, Ui Sup Shin, Sun Mi Moon, Jung Il Choi, Mi-Sook Kim, Kie Hwan Kim, Se-Jin Sung; Ann Coloproctol. 2019;35(2):100-106. Published online April 30, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2018.10.01

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Abstract PDF

Purpose
In this study, we investigated the role of neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio (NLR) as a predictor of tumor response and as a prognostic factor in patients with rectal cancer who had undergone curative surgery after neoadjuvant chemoradiation therapy (nCRT).
Methods
Between January 2009 and July 2016, we collected 140 consecutive patients who had undergone curative intent surgery after nCRT due to rectal adenocarcinoma. We obtained the pre- and post-nCRT NLR by dividing the neutrophil count by the lymphocyte count. The cutoff value was obtained using receiver operating characteristic analysis for tumor response and using maximally selected rank analysis for recurrence-free survival (RFS). The relationship among NLR, tumor response, and RFS was assessed by adjusting the possible clinico-pathological confounding factors.
Results
The possibility of pathologic complete response (pCR) was significantly decreased in high pre- (>2.77) and postnCRT NLR (>3.23) in univariate regression analysis. In multivariate analysis, high post-nCRT NLR was an independent negative predictive factor for pCR (adjusted odds ratio, 0.365; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.145–0.918). The 5-year RFS of all patients was 74.6% during the median 37 months of follow-up. Patients with higher pre- (>2.66) and post-nCRT NLR (>5.21) showed lower 5-year RFS rates (53.1 vs. 83.3%, P = 0.006) (69.2 vs. 75.7%, P = 0.054). In multivariate Cox analysis, high pre-nCRT NLR was an independent poor prognostic factor for RFS (adjusted hazard ratio, 2.300; 95% CI, 1.061–4.985).
Conclusion
Elevated NLR was a negative predictive marker for pCR and was independently associated with decreased RFS. For confirmation, a large-scale study with appropriate controls is needed.

Citations

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Recurrence risk following rectal cancer surgery: a survival analysis of key predictors
Neda Gorjizadeh, Reza Hajebi, Matin Vahedi, Mahsa Mottahedi, Elham Nazar
Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology.2025; 55(8): 880. CrossRef
Circulating Markers of Systemic Inflammation, Measured After Completion of Neoadjuvant Therapy, Associated With Response in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer
Ross K. McMahon, Sean M. O’Cathail, Colin W. Steele, Harikrishnan S. Nair, Jonathan J. Platt, Donald C. McMillan, Paul G. Horgan, Campbell S. Roxburgh
Diseases of the Colon & Rectum.2025; 68(6): 713. CrossRef
Response Prediction to Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy in Rectal Cancer Based on Systemic Inflammatory Markers (NLR, PLR, and LMR)
Roger Beltrati Coser, Caio Sergio R. Nahas, Alex Jones Flores Cassenote, Omar S. T. Ghani, Rafaela B. B. Pinheiro, Sergio Carlos Nahas, Carlos Frederico S. Marques
Journal of Gastrointestinal Cancer.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Prognostic Value of Dynamic Changes in Immune-Inflammatory and Tumor Biomarkers Following Chemoradiotherapy in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer
Mahmoud Al-Masri, Yasmin Safi, Mohammad Almasri, Ramiz Kardan, Daliana Mustafa, Osama Alayyan, Bilal Kahalah, Rama AlMasri
Cancers.2025; 17(20): 3383. CrossRef
Landscape of Biomarkers and Pathologic Response in Rectal Cancer: Where We Stand?
Abrahams Ocanto, Macarena Teja, Francesco Amorelli, Felipe Couñago, Ariel Gomez Palacios, Diego Alcaraz, Ramón Cantero
Cancers.2024; 16(23): 4047. CrossRef
Prognostic role of platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte, and lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio in operated rectal cancer patients: systematic review and meta-analysis
Giuseppe Portale, Patrizia Bartolotta, Danila Azzolina, Dario Gregori, Valentino Fiscon
Langenbeck's Archives of Surgery.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
NEUTROPHIL-LYMPHOCYTE RATIO (NLR) AND LYMPHOPENIAAS PROGNOSTIC FACTORS OF OVERALL SURVIVAL IN LOCALADVANCED RECTAL CANCER
Ocanto A, Morera R, Rodríguez I, Cantero R
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH.2023; : 11. CrossRef
Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio predicts survival of patients with rectal cancer receiving neo-adjuvant chemoradiation followed by radical resection: a meta-analysis
Giuseppe Colloca, Antonella Venturino, Domenico Guarneri
Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy.2023; 23(4): 421. CrossRef
Efficacy of concurrent radiotherapy in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer and synchronous metastasis receiving systemic therapy
Tzu-Chieh Yin, Po-Jung Chen, Yung-Sung Yeh, Ching-Chun Li, Yen-Cheng Chen, Wei-Chih Su, Tsung-Kun Chang, Ching-Wen Huang, Chun-Ming Huang, Hsiang-Lin Tsai, Jaw-Yuan Wang
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The Crying Need for a Better Response Assessment in Rectal Cancer
Samuel Amintas, Nicolas Giraud, Benjamin Fernandez, Charles Dupin, Quentin Denost, Aurelie Garant, Nora Frulio, Denis Smith, Anne Rullier, Eric Rullier, Te Vuong, Sandrine Dabernat, Véronique Vendrely
Current Treatment Options in Oncology.2023; 24(11): 1507. CrossRef
Prognostic Role of Peripheral Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio (NLR) and Platelet-Lymphocyte Ratio (PLR) in Patients with Rectal Cancer Undergoing Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy
Şefika Arzu Ergen, Ceren Barlas, Cumhur Yıldırım, Didem Çolpan Öksüz
Journal of Gastrointestinal Cancer.2022; 53(1): 151. CrossRef
Deep regional hyperthermia combined with modern concurrent chemoradiotherapy increases T-downstaging rate in locally advanced rectal cancer
Yuxia Wang, Siyi Lu, Yuxia Shao, Ran Peng, Xuemin Li, Junjie Wang, Hao Wang
International Journal of Hyperthermia.2022; 39(1): 431. CrossRef
High Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio, Platelet-Lymphocyte Ratio and Low Lymphocyte Levels Are Correlated With Worse Pathological Complete Response Rates
Serdar Karakaya, İbrahim Karadağ, Mehmet Emin Yılmaz, Ömür Berna Çakmak Öksüzoğlu
Cureus.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Pretreatment inflammatory markers predicting treatment outcomes in colorectal cancer
Sanghyun An, Hongjin Shim, Kwangmin Kim, Bora Kim, Hui-Jae Bang, Hyejin Do, Hyang-Rae Lee, Youngwan Kim
Annals of Coloproctology.2022; 38(2): 97. CrossRef
Watch and wait strategies for rectal cancer: A systematic review
In Ja Park
Precision and Future Medicine.2022; 6(2): 91. CrossRef
Histopathological and Haemogram Features Correlate with Prognosis in Rectal Cancer Patients Receiving Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation without Pathological Complete Response
Yu-Ming Huang, Hsi-Hsien Hsu, Chien-Kuo Liu, Ching-Kuo Yang, Po-Li Tsai, Tzu-Yin Tang, Shih-Ming Hsu, Yu-Jen Chen
Journal of Clinical Medicine.2022; 11(17): 4947. CrossRef
Prognostic and predictive value of neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio after curative rectal cancer resection: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Hytham K.S. Hamid, George N. Davis, Mario Trejo-Avila, Patrick O. Igwe, Andrés Garcia-Marín
Surgical Oncology.2021; 37: 101556. CrossRef
The prognostic utility of pre‐treatment neutrophil‐to‐lymphocyte‐ratio (NLR) in colorectal cancer: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Mate Naszai, Alina Kurjan, Timothy S. Maughan
Cancer Medicine.2021; 10(17): 5983. CrossRef
Predictive Ability of Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio in Determining Tumor Staging in Colorectal Cancer
Chirag Pereira, Jiju Mohan, Shankar Gururaj, Prajwal Chandrashekhara
Cureus.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
An inflammation index-based prediction of treatment response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy for rectal mucinous adenocarcinoma
Yanwu Sun, Zhekun Huang, Pan Chi
International Journal of Clinical Oncology.2020; 25(7): 1299. CrossRef

Female Sex and Right-Sided Tumor Location Are Poor Prognostic Factors for Patients With Stage III Colon Cancer After a Curative Resection: Jung Ho Park, Hyoung-Chul Park, Sung Chan Park, Jae Hwan Oh, Duck-Woo Kim, Sung-Bum Kang, Seung Chul Heo, Min Jung Kim, Ji Won Park, Seung-Yong Jeong, Kyu Joo Park, for the Seoul Colorectal Group (SECOG); Ann Coloproctol. 2018;34(6):286-291. Published online December 31, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2018.10.29

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Abstract PDF

Purpose
Stage-IIIC colon cancer is an advanced disease; however, its oncologic outcomes and prognostic factors remain unclear. In this study, we aimed to determine the predictors of disease-free survival (DFS) in patients with stage-IIIC colon cancer.
Methods
From a multicenter database, we retrospectively enrolled 611 patients (355 men and 256 women) who had undergone a potentially curative resection for a stage-IIIC colon adenocarcinoma between 2003 and 2011. The primary end-point was the 5-year DFS.
Results
The median age was 62 years; 213 and 398 patients had right-sided colon cancer (RCC) and left-sided colon cancer (LCC), respectively. The 5-year DFS in all patients was 52.0%; median follow-up time was 35 months (range, 1–134 months). A multivariate Cox regression revealed that female sex (hazard ratio [HR], 1.50; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.19–1.90; P < 0.01), right-sided tumor location (HR, 1.65; 95% CI, 1.29–2.11; P < 0.01), lymphatic invasion (HR, 1.52; 95% CI, 1.08–2.15; P < 0.01) and a high (≥0.4) metastatic lymph node ratio (HR, 3.72; 95% CI, 2.63–5.24; P < 0.01) were independent predictors of worse 5-year DFS. Female patients with RCC were 1.79 fold more likely to experience recurrence than male patients with LCC.
Conclusion
Female sex and right-sided tumor location are associated with higher tumor recurrence rates in patients with stage-IIIC colon cancers. Aggressive treatment and close surveillance should be planned for patients in these groups.

Citations

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Development and external validation of a nomogram predicting overall survival after curative resection of colon cancer
Shuanhu Wang, Yakui Liu, Yi Shi, Jiajia Guan, Mulin Liu, Wenbin Wang
Journal of International Medical Research.2021;[Epub] CrossRef

Perioperative Serum Carcinoembryonic Antigen Ratio Is a Prognostic Indicator in Patients With Stage II Colorectal Cancer: Jinsun Woo, Jungbin Kim, Inseok Park, Hyunjin Cho, Geumhee Gwak, Keun Ho Yang, Byung-Noe Bae, Ki Hwan Kim; Ann Coloproctol. 2018;34(1):4-10. Published online February 28, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2018.34.1.4

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3 Citations

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the perioperative carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) ratio could be used as a determinant for adjuvant therapy after curative surgery in stage II colorectal cancer.

Methods

Data for 119 patients with stage II colorectal cancer who underwent radical surgery between 2010 and 2013 were collected. The perioperative CEA ratio was defined as the postoperative/preoperative serum CEA level, and the patients were grouped according to their perioperative CEA ratios: high ratio (≥0.5) and low ratio (<0.5). Overall survival rates were calculated, and their prognostic significances were analyzed.

Results

The overall survival rates of the high and the low perioperative CEA groups were 68.2% and 86.8%, respectively (P = 0.033). In patients with normal preoperative CEA levels (<5 ng/mL), the high perioperative CEA ratio group showed a worse survival rate than the low perioperative CEA ratio group (71.7% vs. 100.0%, P = 0.007). In patients with high preoperative CEA levels (≥5 ng/mL), the high perioperative CEA ratio group showed a worse survival rate than the low perioperative CEA ratio group (33.3% vs. 75.0%, P = 0.036). In the multivariate analysis, perioperative CEA ratio (P = 0.046), age (P = 0.034), and venous invasion (P = 0.015) were independent prognostic factors for survival.

Conclusion

The perioperative CEA ratio is a prognostic indicator for stage II colorectal cancer. Patients with normal preoperative serum CEA levels might also be considered for adjuvant therapy if their perioperative CEA ratios are higher than 0.5.

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Tumor regression and immunity in combination therapy with anti-CEA chimeric antigen receptor T cells and anti-CEA-IL2 immunocytokine
Seung E. Cha, Maciej Kujawski, Paul J. Yazaki, Christine Brown, John E. Shively
OncoImmunology.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Prognostic Impact of Pretreatment Elevated and Normalized Carcinoembryonic Antigen Levels After Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy in Resected Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer Patients
Jianyuan Song, Zhuhong Chen, Daxin Huang, Benhua Xu
Cancer Management and Research.2021; Volume 13: 3713. CrossRef
Association between Primary Perioperative CEA Ratio, Tumor Site, and Overall Survival in Patients with Colorectal Cancer
Thomas A. Odeny, Nicole Farha, Hannah Hildebrandand, Jessica Allen, Wilfred Vazquez, Maximillian Martinez, Ravi Kumar Paluri, Anup Kasi
Journal of Clinical Medicine.2020; 9(12): 3848. CrossRef

Clinical Significance of Signet-Ring-Cell Colorectal Cancer as a Prognostic Factor: Sang-Oh Yun, Yong Beom Cho, Woo Yong Lee, Hee Cheol Kim, Seong Hyeon Yun, Yoon Ah Park, Jung Wook Huh; Ann Coloproctol. 2017;33(6):232-238. Published online December 31, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2017.33.6.232

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Abstract PDF

Purpose

The aim of this study is to evaluate the prognosis for patients with a signet-ring-cell carcinoma (SRCC) who undergo curative surgery by comparing them to patients with an adenocarcinoma (ADC), excluding a mucinous ADC.

Methods

Between September 1994 and December 2013, 14,110 patients with colorectal cancer underwent surgery and among them, 12,631 patients were enrolled in this study. 71 patients with a SRCC and 12,570 patients with a ADC were identified. We analyzed the disease-free survival and the overall survival rates before and after a 1:2 propensity score matching and evaluated those rates after stage stratification.

Results

The median follow-up durations were 48.5 months for the SRC group and 48.6 months for the ADC group. The disease-free survival rates and the overall survival rates were significantly lower in the SRC group before and after propensity score matching (P < 0.001). After stratification by stage, no differences were observed between the SRC and the ADC groups for the disease-free survival (DFS) and the overall survival (OS) rates for patients with cancer in its early stages (P = 0.913 and P = 0.380 for the DFS and the OS, respectively, in stages 0 and I, and P = 0.223 and P = 0.991 for the DFS and the OS, respectively, in stage II), but those rates were significantly lower in the SRC group for cancer in its later stages (P < 0.001, respectively in stages III and IV).

Conclusion

For cancer in advanced stages, patients with a resectable colorectal SRCC had a poorer prognosis after propensity score matching than those with an ADC did. Therefore, more intensive surveillance and closer observation should be offered to such patients.

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Does signet ring cell carcinoma component signify worse outcomes for patients with colorectal cancer?
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Jiwei Wang, Song Li, Yanna Liu, Chunquan Zhang, Honglang Li, Bin Lai
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Is the Location of the Tumor Another Prognostic Factor for Patients With Colon Cancer?: Myung-Kyu Jung, Ui Sup Shin, Young-Jun Ki, Yong-Bae Kim, Sun-Mi Moon, Se-Jin Sung; Ann Coloproctol. 2017;33(6):210-218. Published online December 31, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2017.33.6.210

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Abstract PDF

Purpose

In this study, we investigated both the characteristics of right colon cancer (RTCC) in comparison with those of left colon cancer (LTCC) and the impact of the location of the colon cancer on the prognosis.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed the cases of 974 patients with nonmetastatic colon cancer who had undergone surgery with a curative intent from January 2001 to December 2011. RTCC was defined as a tumor located proximal to the splenic flexure. The characteristics of RTCC cancer were investigated by using descriptive analyses, and their impacts on the prognosis were assessed by using a Cox multivariate regression.

Results

Compared to LTCC, RTCC showed a female-dominant feature, and an undifferentiated pathology was more frequently observed. The number of lymph nodes retrieved from patients with RTCC was significantly higher than that retrieved from patients with LTCC. During 75 months of follow-up, peritoneal recurrence was more common in patients with RTCC than it was in patients with LTCC, and among the patients with stage III colon cancer, the disease-free and the overall survival rates were significantly worse in patients with RTCC. After adjustments with the other prognostic factors associated with colon cancer had been made, a tumor located at the right colon was found to be independently associated with poor prognosis.

Conclusion

RTCC showed unique clinicopathologic features and was associated with a poorer prognosis.

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Szabolcs Ábrahám, Tibor Németh, Ria Benkő, Mária Matuz, Aurél Ottlakán, Dániel Váczi, Attila Paszt, Zsolt Simonka, György Lázár
World Journal of Surgical Oncology.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Diagnostic and pathologic value of programmed death-ligand 1 expression in colonic carcinoma
DinaO Helmy, MahmoudT El-Sabah Hussein, MohamedS Negm, MinaE Onsy
Egyptian Journal of Pathology.2020; 40(2): 204. CrossRef
Differences Regarding the Molecular Features and Gut Microbiota Between Right and Left Colon Cancer
Kwangmin Kim, Ernes John T. Castro, Hongjin Shim, John Vincent G. Advincula, Young-Wan Kim
Annals of Coloproctology.2018; 34(6): 280. CrossRef
Laterality: Right-Sided and Left-Sided Colon Cancer
Seong Kyu Baek
Annals of Coloproctology.2017; 33(6): 205. CrossRef

Prognostic Significance of Mucinous Histologic Subtype on Oncologic Outcomes in Patients With Colorectal Cancer: Sare Hosseini, Ali Mohammad Bananzadeh, Roham Salek, Mohammad Zare-Bandamiri, Ali Taghizadeh Kermani, Mohammad Mohammadianpanah; Ann Coloproctol. 2017;33(2):57-63. Published online April 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2017.33.2.57

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Abstract PDF

Purpose

Mucinous adenocarcinomas account for about 10% of all colorectal cancers. This study aimed to investigate the prognostic impact of mucinous histologic subtype on oncologic outcomes in patients with colorectal cancer.

Methods

This retrospective study was performed at two large tertiary university hospitals. We analyzed the characteristics, prognostic factors, and survival of patients with colorectal cancer who were treated and followed up between 2000 and 2013.

Results

Totally, 144 of 1,268 patients with a colorectal adenocarcinoma (11.4%) had mucinous histologic subtype. Statistically significant results found in this research are as follows: Mucinous histologic subtype tended to present in younger patients and to have larger tumor size, higher histologic grade, higher node stage, larger number of positive nodes, and higher rate of perineural invasion compared to nonmucinous histologic subtype. On the univariate analysis, mucinous subtype was a prognostic factor for disease-free and overall survival. On the multivariate analysis, primary tumor location, node stage and lymphatic-vascular invasion were independent prognostic factors for the local control rate. Rectal tumor location, higher disease stage, tumor grade II, and presence of lymphatic-vascular invasion had negative influences on disease-free survival, as did rectal tumor location, higher disease stage and presence of lymphatic-vascular invasion on overall survival.

Conclusion

Mucinous histologic subtype was associated with some adverse pathologic features in patients with colorectal cancer; however, it was not an independent prognostic factor for oncologic outcome.

Citations

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Association between lymphovascular invasion and lymph node metastases in colon cancer: A National Cancer Database analysis
Sameh Hany Emile, Nir Horesh, Zoe Garoufalia, Anjelli Wignakumar, Marylise Boutros, Steven D. Wexner
Colorectal Disease.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Comprehensive Overview of Molecular, Imaging, and Therapeutic Challenges in Rectal Mucinous Adenocarcinoma
Mihaela Berar, Andra Ciocan, Emil Moiș, Luminița Furcea, Călin Popa, Răzvan Alexandru Ciocan, Florin Zaharie, Cosmin Puia, Nadim Al Hajjar, Cosmin Caraiani, Ioana Rusu, Florin Graur
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2025; 26(2): 432. CrossRef
Clinicopathological and prognostic features of colorectal mucinous adenocarcinomas: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Xiao Wang, Haoran Wang, Haoqing He, Kai Lv, Wenguang Yuan, Jingbo Chen, Hui Yang
BMC Cancer.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Multi gene mutation signatures in colorectal cancer patients: predict for the diagnosis, pathological classification, staging and prognosis
Yan Zhuang, Hailong Wang, Da Jiang, Ying Li, Lixia Feng, Caijuan Tian, Mingyu Pu, Xiaowei Wang, Jiangyan Zhang, Yuanjing Hu, Pengfei Liu
BMC Cancer.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Clinicopathological Features and Survival of Signet-Ring Cell Carcinoma and Mucinous Adenocarcinoma of Right Colon, Left Colon, and Rectum
Lili Zhu, Chunrun Ling, Tao Xu, Jinglin Zhang, Yujie Zhang, Yingjie Liu, Chao Fang, Lie Yang, Wen Zhuang, Rui Wang, Jie Ping, Mojin Wang
Pathology and Oncology Research.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Identification of Potential Biomarkers and Biological Pathways for Poor Clinical Outcome in Mucinous Colorectal Adenocarcinoma
Chang Woo Kim, Jae Myung Cha, Min Seob Kwak
Cancers.2021; 13(13): 3280. CrossRef
Clinical significance of mucinous component in colorectal adenocarcinoma: a propensity score-matched study
Chuanwang Yan, Hui Yang, Lili Chen, Ran Liu, Wei Shang, Wenguang Yuan, Fei Yang, Qing Sun, Lijian Xia
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Incidence and prognosis of pulmonary metastasis in colorectal cancer: a population-based study
Yizhi Ge, Shijun Lei, Bo Cai, Xiang Gao, Guobin Wang, Lin Wang, Zheng Wang
International Journal of Colorectal Disease.2020; 35(2): 223. CrossRef
Association between aberrant dynein cytoplasmic�1 light intermediate chain�1 expression levels, mucins and chemosensitivity in colorectal cancer
Chun‑Chao Chang, Kuo‑Ching Chao, Chi‑Jung Huang, Chih‑Sheng Hung, Yen‑Chieh Wang
Molecular Medicine Reports.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Clinical impact of non-predominant histopathological subtypes on the long-term prognosis of colorectal cancer patients in Japan
Heita Ozawa, Shinichi Yamauchi, Hiroki Nakanishi, Junichi Sakamoto, Shin Fujita, Kenichi Sugihara
International Journal of Colorectal Disease.2020; 35(12): 2257. CrossRef
Predictive Significance of Mucinous Histology on Pathologic Complete Response Rate Following Capecitabine-Based Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation in Rectal Cancer: a Comparative Study
Sare Hosseini, NamPhong Nguyen, Mohammad Mohammadianpanah, Sepideh Mirzaei, Ali Mohammad Bananzadeh
Journal of Gastrointestinal Cancer.2019; 50(4): 716. CrossRef
Impact of histological subtype on the prognosis of patients undergoing surgery for colon cancer
Fabio Bagante, Gaya Spolverato, Eliza Beal, Katiuscha Merath, Qinyu Chen, Ozgür Akgül, Robert A. Anders, Timothy M. Pawlik
Journal of Surgical Oncology.2018; 117(7): 1355. CrossRef
SCF/c-KIT Signaling Increased Mucin2 Production by Maintaining Atoh1 Expression in Mucinous Colorectal Adenocarcinoma
Ping Shen, Shu Yang, Haimei Sun, Guilan Li, Bo Wu, Fengqing Ji, Tingyi Sun, Deshan Zhou
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2018; 19(5): 1541. CrossRef
Mucinous Subtype in Patients With Colorectal Cancer
Hyung Jin Kim
Annals of Coloproctology.2017; 33(2): 44. CrossRef

Expressions and Clinical Significances of Angiopoietin-1, Angiopoietin-2, and Tie-2 Receptor in Patients With Colorectal Cancer: Sunghoon Hong, Hae Il Jung, Tae Sung Ahn, Han-Jo Kim, Kyu-Taek Lee, Moo-Jun Baek, Sang-Byung Bae; Ann Coloproctol. 2017;33(1):9-15. Published online February 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2017.33.1.9

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Abstract PDF

Purpose

Angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1) plays a crucial role in vascular and hematopoietic development, mainly through its cognate receptor, Tie-2. Increased levels of Ang-2 have been shown to be correlated with abnormal tumor angiogenesis in several malignancies. Hence, we estimated the increased expression of Ang-2 relative to Ang-1 in patients with colorectal cancer and correlated our finding with prognosis in order to investigate the relationships between the expressions of Ang-1/Ang-2/Tie-2 receptor and the clinical parameters or overall survival of such patients.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed 114 tissue samples from patients with colorectal cancer by using immunohistochemistry (IHC) to examine Ang-1, Ang-2, and Tie-2 expressions and to investigate the relationship between those expressions and clinical parameters or overall survival of such patients. A Western blot analysis was used for Ang-2 expression.

Results

IHC staining showed a link between Ang-1 and Tie-2 (P = 0.018), as well as meaningful correlations between Ang-2 and Tie-2 receptor (P = 0.022) and between lymph-node metastasis and Ang-2 (P = 0.025). The stronger the IHC staining for Ang-2 expression was, the shorter the cumulative survival was (P = 0.016).

Conclusion

A relationship was found to exist between Ang-2 and Tie-2 expressions. The Ang-2 was correlated with lymph-node metastasis, and high expression of Ang-2 was indicative of poor overall survival. These findings suggest that Ang-2 is a useful prognostic marker in the management of patients with colorectal cancer. In addition, we suggest that Ang/Tie-2 signaling plays an important role in the progression of colorectal cancer.

Citations

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The BMI1-Angiopoietin-2 axis as an independent prognostic factor in colorectal cancer
Yin-Chou Hsu, Chi-Wen Luo, Shu-Jyuan Chang, Chiao-Ying Lai, Yu-Tzu Yang, Yi-Zi Chen, Mei-Hsiang Hsu, Cheuk-Kwan Sun, Mei-Ren Pan
Experimental Cell Research.2025; 450(1): 114622. CrossRef
Putative Role of Tie2-Expressing Monocytes/Macrophages in Colorectal Cancer Progression Through Enhancement of Angiogenesis and Metastasis
Eman Amin M. Ali, Alaa Muayad Altaie, Iman M. Talaat, Rifat Hamoudi
Cancers.2025; 17(17): 2856. CrossRef
Differential expression of angiogenesis-related genes ‘VEGF’ and ‘angiopoietin-1’ in metastatic and EMAST-positive colorectal cancer patients
Amir Torshizi Esfahani, Somayeh Mohammadpour, Pooya Jalali, Alireza Yaghoobi, Raana Karimpour, Soha Torkamani, Ali Pardakhtchi, Zahra Salehi, Ehsan Nazemalhosseini-Mojarad
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Platelet Angiopoietin-1 Protects Against Murine Models of Tumor Metastasis
Harvey G. Roweth, Isabelle C. Becker, Michael W. Malloy, Emily M. Clarke, Sophie A. Munn, Priya L. Kumar, Ivan Aivasovsky, Kobe Tray, Alec A. Schmaier, Elisabeth M. Battinelli
Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology.2024; 44(9): 2024. CrossRef
KRAS mutation-driven angiopoietin 2 bestows anti-VEGF resistance in epithelial carcinomas
Kayoko Hosaka, Patrik Andersson, Jieyu Wu, Xingkang He, Qiqiao Du, Xu Jing, Takahiro Seki, Juan Gao, Yin Zhang, Xiaoting Sun, Ping Huang, Yunlong Yang, Minghua Ge, Yihai Cao
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Angiopoietin-2 as a Prognostic Factor in Patients with Incurable Stage IV Colorectal Cancer
Shinya Munakata, Takae Ueyama, Haruna Ishihara, Hiromitsu Komiyama, Ryoichi Tsukamoto, Masaya Kawai, Makoto Takahashi, Yutaka Kojima, Yuichi Tomiki, Kazuhiro Sakamoto
Journal of Gastrointestinal Cancer.2021; 52(1): 237. CrossRef
Dual Antiangiogenesis Agents Bevacizumab Plus Trebananib, without Chemotherapy, in First-line Treatment of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: Results of a Phase II Study
Jennifer Mooi, Fiona Chionh, Peter Savas, Jessica Da Gama Duarte, Geoffrey Chong, Stephen Brown, Rachel Wong, Timothy J. Price, Alysson Wann, Effie Skrinos, John M. Mariadason, Niall C. Tebbutt
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Ebenezer O. Farombi, Babajide O. Ajayi, Isaac A. Adedara
Food and Chemical Toxicology.2020; 142: 111483. CrossRef
High expression of Tie-2 predicts poor prognosis in primary high grade serous ovarian cancer
Minna Sopo, Hanna Sallinen, Kirsi Hämäläinen, Annukka Kivelä, Seppo Ylä-Herttuala, Veli-Matti Kosma, Leea Keski-Nisula, Maarit Anttila, Elizabeth Christie
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Maya König, Alice Nentwig, Eliane Marti, Jelena Mirkovitch, Katja‐Nicole Adamik, Simone Schuller
Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine.2019; 33(2): 569. CrossRef
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Marilina García-Aranda, Maximino Redondo
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Ana Carolina Monteiro, Julienne K. Muenzner, Fernando Andrade, Flávia Eichemberger Rius, Christian Ostalecki, Carol I. Geppert, Abbas Agaimy, Arndt Hartmann, André Fujita, Regine Schneider‐Stock, Miriam Galvonas Jasiulionis
Molecular Oncology.2019; 13(6): 1433. CrossRef
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Adriano Angelucci, Simona Delle Monache, Alessio Cortellini, Monica Di Padova, Corrado Ficorella
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2018; 19(1): 299. CrossRef
Angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) is a useful serum tumor marker for liver cancer in the Chinese population
Yuxin Chen, Yanping Wu, Xiao Zhang, Hong Zeng, Ya Liu, Qi Wu, Yan Chen, GuoQing Zhu, Qiuhui Pan, Lei Jin, Lin Guo, Fenyong Sun
Clinica Chimica Acta.2018; 478: 18. CrossRef
Efforts to Find Targets Involving Angiogenesis: Step to Improve the Efficacy of Target Therapy in the Era of Colorectal Cancer Treatment
In Ja Park
Annals of Coloproctology.2017; 33(1): 1. CrossRef

Role of Peritoneal Lavage Cytology and Prediction of Prognosis and Peritoneal Recurrence After Curative Surgery for Colorectal Cancer: Sung Joon Bae, Ui Sup Shin, Young-Jun Ki, Sang Sik Cho, Sun Mi Moon, Sun Hoo Park; Ann Coloproctol. 2014;30(6):266-273. Published online December 31, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2014.30.6.266

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Abstract PDF

Purpose

In colorectal cancer, the role of detecting free malignant cells from peritoneal lavage is currently unclear. In this study, we investigated the positive rate of free malignant cells in peritoneal lavage fluid and their predictive value for prognosis and peritoneal recurrence after a curative resection.

Methods

From October 2009 to December 2011, in a prospective manner, we performed cytologic examinations of peritoneal lavage fluid obtained just after the abdominal incision from 145 patients who underwent curative surgery for colorectal cancer. We used proportional hazard regression models to analyze the predictive role of positive cytology for peritoneal recurrence and survival.

Results

Among total 145 patients, six patients (4.1%) showed positive cytology. During the median follow-up of 32 months (range, 8-49 months), 27 patients (18.6%) developed recurrence. Among them, 5 patients (3.4%) showed peritoneal carcinomatosis. In the multivariate analysis, positive cytology was an independent predictive factor for peritoneal recurrence (hazard ratio [HR], 136.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 12.2-1,531.9; P < 0.0001) and an independent poor prognostic factor for overall survival (HR, 11.4; 95% CI, 1.8-72.0; P = 0.009) and for disease-free survival (HR, 11.1; 95% CI, 3.4-35.8; P < 0.0001).

Conclusion

Positive cytology of peritoneal fluid was significantly associated with peritoneal recurrence and worse survival in patients undergoing curative surgery for colorectal cancer. Peritoneal cytology might be a useful tool for selecting patients who need intraperitoneal or systemic chemotherapy.

Citations

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Intraoperative flow cytometry in detecting free carcinoma cells in peritoneal lavage fluid of gastric carcinoma cases
Thulasi Raman Ramalingam, Bharaneedharan Marimuthu, Harsha N. Rasheed, Archana Lakshmanan, Swetha Lakshmi Narla, Lakshman Vaidhyanathan, Ajit Pai
Cytometry Part B: Clinical Cytometry.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Peritoneal Lavage Cytology Predicts Peritoneal Metastasis and is Associated with Poor Prognosis in Patients with Stage II–III Colorectal Cancer
Dewei Kong, Yingjie Li, Shenyi Yin, Yunfei Tan, Boyang Qu, Lei Huang, Jianzhong Jeff Xi, Aiwen Wu
Annals of Surgical Oncology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Risk Factors for Positive Peritoneal Lavage Cytology in Stage I to III Colon Cancer: A Prospective Observational Study
Radha Raman Mondal, Subrata Sahu, Sudip Haldar, Samir Bhattacharyya, Arnab Gupta
Indian Journal of Surgical Oncology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Development and validation of a nomogram to predict overall survival in patients with incidental gallbladder cancer: A retrospective cohort study
Zhi-Hua Xie, Xuebing Shi, Ming-Qi Liu, Jinghan Wang, Yong Yu, Ji-Xiang Zhang, Kai-Jian Chu, Wei Li, Rui-Liang Ge, Qing-Bao Cheng, Xiao-Qing Jiang
Frontiers in Oncology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Effect of Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy with Regorafenib on IL-6 and TNF-α Levels and Peritoneal Cytology: Experimental Study in Rats with Colorectal Peritoneal Carcinomatosis
Stefanos Bitsianis, Ioannis Mantzoros, Elissavet Anestiadou, Panagiotis Christidis, Christos Chatzakis, Konstantinos Zapsalis, Savvas Symeonidis, Georgios Ntampakis, Kalliopi Domvri, Anastasia Tsakona, Chryssa Bekiari, Orestis Ioannidis, Stamatios Aggelop
Journal of Clinical Medicine.2023; 12(23): 7267. CrossRef
Conventional peritoneal cytology lacks the prognostic significance of detecting local or peritoneal recurrence in colorectal cancer: An Egyptian experience
Mohamed Shalaby, Tarek S El Baradie, Mohamed Salama, Hebat A M Shaaban, Rasha M Allam, Ehab O.A. Hafiz, Mohamed Aly Abdelhamed, Amr Attia
JGH Open.2021; 5(2): 264. CrossRef
Interleukin 10 level in the peritoneal cavity is a prognostic marker for peritoneal recurrence of T4 colorectal cancer
Seung-Yong Jeong, Byeong Geon Jeon, Ji-Eun Kim, Rumi Shin, Hye Seong Ahn, Heejin Jin, Seung Chul Heo
Scientific Reports.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Risk factors for developing peritoneal metastases after curative surgery for colorectal cancer: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Yuanxin Zhang, Xiusen Qin, Wenle Chen, Duo Liu, Jian Luo, Huaiming Wang, Hui Wang
Colorectal Disease.2021; 23(11): 2846. CrossRef
Treatment for Peritoneal Metastasis of Patients With Colorectal Cancer
Young Jin Kim, Chang Hyun Kim
Annals of Coloproctology.2021; 37(6): 425. CrossRef
Pathophysiology of colorectal peritoneal carcinomatosis: Role of the peritoneum
Lieselotte Lemoine, Paul Sugarbaker, Kurt Van der Speeten
World Journal of Gastroenterology.2016; 22(34): 7692. CrossRef
The preoperative platelet to lymphocyte ratio is a prognostic marker in patients with stage II colorectal cancer
Tsuyoshi Ozawa, Soichiro Ishihara, Takeshi Nishikawa, Toshiaki Tanaka, Junichiro Tanaka, Tomomichi Kiyomatsu, Keisuke Hata, Kazushige Kawai, Hiroaki Nozawa, Shinsuke Kazama, Hironori Yamaguchi, Eiji Sunami, Joji Kitayama, Toshiaki Watanabe
International Journal of Colorectal Disease.2015; 30(9): 1165. CrossRef
Intraoperative Peritoneal Lavage: Limitations of Current Evidence for Clinical Implementation
Duck-Woo Kim
Annals of Coloproctology.2014; 30(6): 248. CrossRef

Prognostic Implications of Primary Tumor Resection in Stage IVB Colorectal Cancer in Elderly Patients: Heui-June Ahn, Ho-Suk Oh, Yongchel Ahn, Sang Jin Lee, Hyun Joong Kim, Moon Ho Kim, Dae-Woon Eom, Jae Young Kwak, Myoung Sik Han, Jae Seok Song; Ann Coloproctol. 2014;30(4):175-181. Published online August 26, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2014.30.4.175

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10 Citations

Abstract PDF

Purpose

The aim of this study was to identify prognostic factors in stage IVB colorectal cancer in elderly patients, focusing on the influence of treatment modalities, including palliative chemotherapy and primary tumor resection.

Methods

A cohort of 64 patients aged over 65 years who presented with stage IVB colorectal cancer at the Gangneung Asan Hospital between July 1, 2001, and December 31, 2009, was analyzed. Demographics, tumor location, tumor grade, performance status, levels of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), level of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and distant metastatic site at diagnosis were analyzed. Using the treatment histories, we analyzed the prognostic implications of palliative chemotherapy and surgical resection of the primary tumor retrospectively.

Results

The cohort consisted of 30 male (46.9%) and 34 female patients (53.1%); the median age was 76.5 years. Primary tumor resection was done on 28 patients (43.8%); 36 patients (56.2%) were categorized in the nonresection group. The median survival times were 12.43 months in the resection group and 3.58 months in the nonresection group (P < 0.001). Gender, level of CEA, level of AST, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status, tumor location, and presence of liver metastasis also showed significant differences in overall survival. On multivariate analysis, male gender, higher level of CEA, higher AST level, and no primary tumor resection were independent poor prognostic factors. In particular, nonresection of the primary tumor was the most potent/poor prognostic factor in the elderly-patient study group (P = 0.001; 95% confidence interval, 2.33 to 21.99; hazard ratio, 7.16).

Conclusion

In stage IVB colorectal cancer in elderly patients, resection of the primary tumor may enhance survival.

Citations

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Primary Tumor Resection for Metastatic Colorectal, Gastric and Pancreatic Cancer Patients: In Search of Scientific Evidence to Inform Clinical Practice
Valentina Fanotto, Francesca Salani, Caterina Vivaldi, Mario Scartozzi, Dario Ribero, Marco Puzzoni, Francesco Montagnani, Francesco Leone, Enrico Vasile, Maria Bencivenga, Giovanni De Manzoni, Debora Basile, Lorenzo Fornaro, Gianluca Masi, Giuseppe April
Cancers.2023; 15(3): 900. CrossRef
The association of blood biomarkers with treatment response and adverse health outcomes in older patients with solid tumors: A systematic review
Yara van Holstein, P. Janne E. van den Berkmortel, Stella Trompet, Diana van Heemst, Frederiek van den Bos, Marieke Roemeling-van Rhijn, Nienke A. de Glas, Marian Beekman, P. Eline Slagboom, Johanneke E.A. Portielje, Simon P. Mooijaart, Barbara C. van Mun
Journal of Geriatric Oncology.2023; 14(7): 101567. CrossRef
Survival for patients with metastatic colon cancer underwent cytoreductive colectomy in the era of rapid development of anticancer drugs: A real-world analysis based on updated population dataset of 2004–2018
Guangran Meng, Shengtao Yang, Feixiang Chen
Frontiers in Pharmacology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Can the De Ritis Ratio (AST/ALT) be used to predict colon cancer stages?
Saygın ALTINER, Enes CEBECİ, Bedri Burak SUCU, Mert ÇÖL, Ender ERGÜDER, Yılmaz ÜNAL, Salih TUNCAL, Mevlüt Recep PEKCİCİ
Ahi Evran Medical Journal.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Provisional Clinical Opinions (PCOs) Recommended by the Surgical Treatment Working Group for Vulnerable Elderly Patients in Colorectal Cancer: Clinical Questions with Answers
Junichi Nishimura, Yoshio Yoshida, Chie Tanaka, Keiji Matsuda, Shiro Oka, Kohei Murata, Ju Mizuno, Yoichiro Yoshida
Nippon Daicho Komonbyo Gakkai Zasshi.2021; 74(7): 401. CrossRef
Sixty-Day Mortality of Patients With Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Randomized to Systemic Treatment vs Primary Tumor Resection Followed by Systemic Treatment
Dave E. W. van der Kruijssen, Sjoerd G. Elias, Geraldine R. Vink, Karlijn L. van Rooijen, Jorine ‘t Lam-Boer, Linda Mol, Cornelis J. A. Punt, Johannes H. W. de Wilt, Miriam Koopman, Gijs J.D. van Acker, Rahim Altaf, Kees van Arkel, Coen I.M. Baeten, Sandr
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Primary Tumor Resection in Patients with Incurable Localized or Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta‐analysis
Constantinos Simillis, Eliana Kalakouti, Thalia Afxentiou, Christos Kontovounisios, Jason J. Smith, David Cunningham, Michel Adamina, Paris P. Tekkis
World Journal of Surgery.2019; 43(7): 1829. CrossRef
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U Nitsche, C Stöß, L Stecher, D Wilhelm, H Friess, G O Ceyhan
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A systematic analysis highlighting deficiencies in reported outcomes for patients with stage IV colorectal cancer undergoing palliative resection of the primary tumour
Deena P. Harji, Abigail Vallance, Jenny Selgimann, Simon Bach, Faheez Mohamed, Julia Brown, Nicola Fearnhead
European Journal of Surgical Oncology.2018; 44(10): 1469. CrossRef
Paradigm Shift in the Treatment of Elderly Patients With Unresectable Stage IV Colorectal Cancer
Nam Kyu Kim
Annals of Coloproctology.2014; 30(4): 155. CrossRef

Is Microsatellite Instability Really a Good Prognostic Factor of Colorectal Cancer?: Ui Sup Shin, Sang Sik Cho, Sun Mi Moon, Sun Hoo Park, Sun Hee Jee, Eun-Joo Jung, Dae-Yong Hwang; Ann Coloproctol. 2014;30(1):28-34. Published online February 28, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2014.30.1.28

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Abstract PDF

Purpose

The aim of this study was to investigate the clinicopathologic features of and the prognosis for colorectal cancers (CRCs) with microsatellite instabilities (MSIs).

Methods

Between 2006 and 2009, genotyping was performed on 245 patients with stage II/III CRCs to establish the MSI status. The clinicopathologic differences and the prognostic value of MSI were analyzed. The median follow-up period was 38 months (range, 7-68 months).

Results

Of the total 245 patients, 20 (8.2%) had MSI-high (H) and 225 (91.8%) had MSI-low (L) or stable (S) CRCs. Adjuvant chemotherapies were performed on 101 stage II (87.8%) and 107 stage III patients (82.3%). Patients with MSI-H CRCs more frequently had a family history of colon cancer (10% vs. 2.7%, P = 0.003), more frequently had a cancer located at the proximal colon (90.0% vs. 19.1%, P < 0.0001), and more often showed a mucinous phenotype or poor differentiation (35.0% vs. 7.1%, P = 0.001). Despite less frequent lymph node metastasis (25% vs. 55.6%, P = 0.01), the number of retrieved lymph nodes was higher (26.3 ± 13.1 vs. 20.7 ± 1.2, P = 0.04) in the MSI-H group. The overall survival and the disease-free survival (DFS) did not differ with respect to MSI status. However, in the stage II subgroup, the DFS for patients with MSI-H CRCs was significantly worse (72.2% vs. 90.7%, P = 0.03). The multivariate analysis performed on this subgroup revealed that MSI-H was an independent poor prognostic factor (adjusted hazard ratio, 4.0; 95% confidence interval, 1.0-15.6, P = 0.046).

Conclusion

MSI-H CRCs had distinct clinicopathologic features, and MSI-H was an independent poor prognostic factor in stage II CRCs. Considering the majority of stage II patients were administrated adjuvant chemotherapy, the efficacy of adjuvant chemotherapy for treating MSI CRCs might be different from that for treating MSI-L/S tumors.

Citations

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Zilan Ye, Dakui Luo, Fan Chen, Jiayu Chen, Zezhi Shan, Junyong Weng, Yu Zhang, Qingguo Li, Xinxiang Li
Current Oncology.2025; 32(5): 254. CrossRef
Prognostic significance of negative lymph node count in microsatellite instability-high colorectal cancer
Xuan Dai, Zhujiang Dai, Jihong Fu, Zhonglin Liang, Peng Du, Tingyu Wu
World Journal of Surgical Oncology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Oncological characteristics, treatments and prognostic outcomes in MMR-deficient colorectal cancer
Wen-Xuan Fan, Fei Su, Yan Zhang, Xiao-Ling Zhang, Yun-Yi Du, Yang-Jun Gao, Wei-Ling Li, Wen-Qing Hu, Jun Zhao
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Yi Ma, Zhihao Shi, Ying Wei, Feng Shi, Guochu Qin, Zhengyang Zhou
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The prognostic significance of microsatellite instability in colorectal cancer: a Swedish multi-center study
Petri Rantanen, Anne Keränen, Shabane Barot, Sam Ghazi, Annelie Liljegren, Caroline Nordenvall, Annika Lindblom, Ulrik Lindforss
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Hyun Gu Lee, Seok-Byung Lim, Jong Lyul Lee, Chan Wook Kim, Yong Sik Yoon, In Ja Park, Jin Cheon Kim
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Anatomical Distribution of Colon Cancer: A Retrospective 10-Year Study to Evaluate Rightward Shift in Two Referral Hospitals in Iran
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International Journal of Cancer Management.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
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James W. T. Toh, Hema Mahajan, Pierre Chapuis, Kevin Spring
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James W. T. Toh, Kevin Phan, Faizur Reza, Pierre Chapuis, Kevin J. Spring
International Journal of Colorectal Disease.2021; 36(8): 1573. CrossRef
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Frontiers in Oncology.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
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European Journal of Cancer.2021; 157: 1. CrossRef
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Kabytto Chen, Geoffrey Collins, Henry Wang, James Wei Tatt Toh
Current Oncology.2021; 28(6): 5356. CrossRef
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Zhujun Deng, Yun Qin, Jing Wang, Gang Wang, Xiaoqiang Lang, Juan Jiang, Kang Xie, Wengeng Zhang, Heng Xu, Yang Shu, Yan Zhang
Clinical Genetics.2020; 97(1): 25. CrossRef
Implication of Microsatellite Instability in Chinese Cohort of Human Cancers

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Cancer Management and Research.2020; Volume 12: 10287. CrossRef
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Robin Mjelle, Wenche Sjursen, Liv Thommesen, Pål Sætrom, Eva Hofsli
BMC Cancer.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
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Winson Jianhong Tan, Julie Liana Hamzah, Sanchalika Acharyya, Fung Joon Foo, Kiat Hon Lim, Iain Bee Huat Tan, Choong Leong Tang, Min Hoe Chew
Journal of Gastrointestinal Cancer.2018; 49(3): 311. CrossRef
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British Journal of Cancer.2017; 116(8): 1012. CrossRef
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European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology.2016; 28(12): 1394. CrossRef
Microsatellite instability is associated with reduced disease specific survival in stage III colon cancer
H.M. Mohan, E. Ryan, I. Balasubramanian, R. Kennelly, R. Geraghty, F. Sclafani, D. Fennelly, R. McDermott, E.J. Ryan, D. O'Donoghue, J.M.P. Hyland, S.T. Martin, P.R. O'Connell, D. Gibbons, Des Winter, K. Sheahan
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Different treatment strategies and molecular features between right-sided and left-sided colon cancers
Hong Shen
World Journal of Gastroenterology.2015; 21(21): 6470. CrossRef
Is a Microsatellite Instability Still Useful for Tailored Treatment in Stage II and III Colon Cancer?
Nam Kyu Kim
Annals of Coloproctology.2014; 30(1): 5. CrossRef

Optimal Time of Initiating Adjuvant Chemotherapy After Curative Surgery in Colorectal Cancer Patients: Kyu Min Kang, Kyung Sook Hong, Gyoung Tae Noh, Bo-Young Oh, Soon Sup Chung, Ryung-Ah Lee, Kwang Ho Kim; Ann Coloproctol. 2013;29(4):150-154. Published online August 29, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2013.29.4.150

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Abstract PDF

Purpose

Adjuvant chemotherapy is routinely recommended for locally advanced colorectal cancer (CRC). There are very few data for the optimal starting date of adjuvant chemotherapy after the surgery. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of earlier adoption of adjuvant chemotherapy after curative surgery for stage III CRC.

Methods

In this study, 159 patients with stage III CRC, who had undergone a curative resection, were enrolled retrospectively. Patients were categorized into 3 groups representing different timings to initiate the chemotherapy; less than 2 weeks (group 1), 3 to 4 weeks (group 2), and more than 5 weeks (group 3). The overall survival rate (OS) and the relapse-free survival rate (RFS) were analyzed to evaluate the effectiveness of adjuvant chemotherapy.

Results

The 5-year OSs of the patients were 73.7% in group 1, 67.0% in group 2, and 55.2% in group 3. The 5-year RFSs of the patients were 48.8% in group 1, 64.7% in group 2, and 57.1% in group 3. There were no significant differences in either the OS or the RFS (P = 0.200, P = 0.405).

Conclusion

Starting chemotherapy earlier than 6 weeks after surgery does not show any significant difference. Thus, although adjuvant chemotherapy should preferably begin within 6 weeks, the starting date should not necessarily be hastened, and the patient's general condition should be taken into consideration.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Optimal timing of cancer treatments: a call for emerging evidence from clinical trials and real-world studies
Jianrong Zhang, Rebecca Venchiarutti, Xiaofei Wang, Qihua He
British Journal of Cancer.2025; 132(12): 1085. CrossRef
Minimally Invasive Approach Provides Oncological Benefit in Patients with High Risk of Very Early Recurrence (VER) After Surgery for Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA)
Francesca Ratti, Cecilia Maina, Lucrezia Clocchiatti, Rebecca Marino, Federica Pedica, Andrea Casadei Gardini, Francesco De Cobelli, Luca Antonio Maria Aldrighetti
Annals of Surgical Oncology.2024; 31(4): 2557. CrossRef
The optimal time of starting adjuvant chemotherapy after curative surgery in patients with colorectal cancer
Yuchong Yang, Yao Lu, Hui Tan, Ming Bai, Xia Wang, Shaohua Ge, Tao Ning, Le Zhang, Jingjing Duan, Yansha Sun, Rui Liu, Hongli Li, Yi Ba, Ting Deng
BMC Cancer.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Apurinic/apyrimidinic endonuclease 1 is associated with poor prognosis after curative resection followed by adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with stage III colon cancer
Ji Hyeong Song, Myung Sun Lee, Eun Young Cha, Kyung Ha Lee, Ji Yeon Kim, Jin Soo Kim
Korean Journal of Clinical Oncology.2022; 18(1): 1. CrossRef
Impact of the Time Interval Between Primary Debulking Surgery and Start of Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Advanced Epithelial Ovarian Cancer
Hao Lin, Wen-Hsin Chen, Chen-Hsuan Wu, Yu-Che Ou, Yu-Jen Chen, Ying-Yi Chen, Yu-Han Lin, Hung-Chun Fu
Cancer Management and Research.2021; Volume 13: 5413. CrossRef
Bevacizumab and erlotinib versus bevacizumab for colorectal cancer treatment: systematic review and meta-analysis
Sara Kaveh, Parvin Ebrahimi, Aziz Rezapour, Masoud Mozafari, Kourosh Sayehmiri
International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy.2019; 41(1): 30. CrossRef
Timing of Adjuvant Chemotherapy and Survival in Colorectal, Gastric, and Pancreatic Cancer. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Fausto Petrelli, Alberto Zaniboni, Antonio Ghidini, Michele Ghidini, Luca Turati, Claudio Pizzo, Margherita Ratti, Michela Libertini, Gianluca Tomasello
Cancers.2019; 11(4): 550. CrossRef
Safety and feasibility of in-hospital early chemotherapy initiation after surgery in patients with stage II–IV colon cancer
Jeonghyun Kang, Su-Weon Chong, Eun Jung Park, Seung Hyuk Baik, Kang Young Lee
Medicine.2019; 98(18): e15371. CrossRef
Surgical stress response and promotion of metastasis in colorectal cancer: a complex and heterogeneous process
Corina Behrenbruch, Carolyn Shembrey, Sophie Paquet-Fifield, Christina Mølck, Hyun-Jung Cho, Michael Michael, Benjamin N. J. Thomson, Alexander G. Heriot, Frédéric Hollande
Clinical & Experimental Metastasis.2018; 35(4): 333. CrossRef
Intensity modulated radiotherapy delivers competitive local control rate with limited acute toxicity in the adjuvant treatment of rectal cancer
Cheng-Yen Lee, Chih-Chia Chang, Hsin-Yi Yang, Pin-Yi Chiang, Yuk-Wah Tsang
Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology.2018; 48(7): 653. CrossRef
Molecular analysis of sentinel lymph node in colon carcinomas by one-step nucleic acid amplification (OSNA) reduces time to adjuvant chemotherapy interval
Alix Marhic, Jean-François Tremblay, Rachid Kaci, Thierry André, Clarisse Eveno, Marc Pocard
Digestive and Liver Disease.2017; 49(8): 924. CrossRef
Timely initiation of chemotherapy: a systematic literature review of six priority cancers – results and recommendations for clinical practice
M. Alexander, R. Blum, K. Burbury, J. Coutsouvelis, M. Dooley, O. Fazil, T. Griffiths, H. Ismail, S. Joshi, N. Love, S. Opat, P. Parente, N. Porter, E. Ross, J. Siderov, P. Thomas, S. White, S. Kirsa, D. Rischin
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Association Between Time (Initiation and Length) and Oncological Outcomes for the Patients with Colon Cancer Treated with Adjuvant Chemotherapy
In Seob Jeong, Jong Han Yoo, Sang Hyuk Seo, Min Sung An, Kwang Hee Kim, Ki Beom Bae, Chang Soo Choi, Jin Won Hwang, Ji Hyun Kim, Mi Seon Kang, Min Kyung Oh, Kwan Hee Hong
Indian Journal of Surgery.2015; 77(S3): 1252. CrossRef
Timing of Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Colorectal Cancer Patients
Moo-Jun Baek
Annals of Coloproctology.2013; 29(4): 138. CrossRef

Expression of Secreted Protein Acidic and Rich in Cysteine in the Stroma of a Colorectal Carcinoma is Associated With Patient Prognosis: Jeong Yeon Kim, Dongjun Jeong, Tae Sung Ahn, Hyung Ju Kim, Doo San Park, So Yong Park, Sang Byung Bae, Sookyoung Lee, Sung Soo Lee, Moon Soo Lee, Hyun Deuk Cho, Moo Jun Baek; Ann Coloproctol. 2013;29(3):93-99. Published online June 30, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2013.29.3.93

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11 Citations

Abstract PDF

Purpose

Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC), also known as osteonectin or basement-membrane-40 (BM-40), is a member of a family of matricellular proteins, whose functions are to modulate cell-matrix interactions, growth and angiogenesis in colorectal cancer. In this study, the expression of SPARC was evaluated and its correlations with clinicopathological parameters were investigated.

Methods

The researchers analyzed the expression patterns of SPARC by using immunohistochemistry in 332 cases of colorectal cancer of tissue microarray. The clinicopathological characteristics were defined by using the TNM criteria of the Union for International Cancer Control. Clinicopathological factors such as age, sex, histologic type of the tumor, pathologic tumor stage, TNM stage, and lymphovascular invasion were evaluated according to the SPARC expression.

Results

The hazard ratios expressing SPARC in tumor cells, in the stroma, and in both tumor cells and the stroma were 2.10 (P = 0.036), 3.27 (P = 0.003) and 2.12 (P = 0.038), respectively. Patient survival was decreased in patient expressing SPARC in the stroma, and this result showed statistical significance (P = 0.016).

Conclusion

These findings suggest that SPARC expression in a tumor and in the stroma correlates with disease progression and may be used as a prognostic marker for colorectal cancer.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

SPARC Induces COL1A1/COL3A1 Expressions Representing Aggressive Molecular Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Signatures and CSF1-Mediated Cancer Invasion in Colorectal Cancer
Yusuke Nie, Yoshiki Fujiyama, Shumpei Shibaki, Riku Okamoto, Kota Okuno, Keiko Oki, Akiko Watanabe, Yu Kuroda, Takuya Goto, Kazuko Yokota, Keita Kojima, Hiroki Harada, Mikiko Kidachi, Takafumi Soeno, Mitsuo Yokota, Takeshi Kaida, Shuji Nakamoto, Nobuyuki
Annals of Surgical Oncology.2025; 32(12): 9354. CrossRef
CAFs-Associated Genes (CAFGs) in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) and Novel Therapeutic Strategy
Keishi Yamashita, Yusuke Kumamoto
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2024; 25(11): 6003. CrossRef
Prognostic value of SPARC in hepatocellular carcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Xiaoyu Yang, Yunhong Xia, Shuomin Wang, Chen Sun, Raj Kumar Koiri
PLOS ONE.2022; 17(8): e0273317. CrossRef
SPARC in hematologic malignancies and novel technique for hematological disease with its abnormal expression
Qing Nian, Jingwei Li, ZhongYu Han, Qi Liang, Maoyu Liu, Chan Yang, Fernando Rodrigues-Lima, Tao Jiang, Liyun Zhao, Jinhao Zeng, Chi Liu, Jianyou Shi
Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy.2022; 153: 113519. CrossRef
Role of SPARC in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition induced by PTHrP in human colon cancer cells
Pedro Carriere, Natalia Calvo, María Belén Novoa Díaz, Fernanda Lopez-Moncada, Alexander Herrera, María José Torres, Exequiel Alonso, Norberto Ariel Gandini, Graciela Gigola, Hector R. Contreras, Claudia Gentili
Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology.2021; 530: 111253. CrossRef
Phenotypic plasticity underlies local invasion and distant metastasis in colon cancer
Andrea Sacchetti, Miriam Teeuwssen, Mathijs Verhagen, Rosalie Joosten, Tong Xu, Roberto Stabile, Berdine van der Steen, Martin M Watson, Alem Gusinac, Won Kyu Kim, Inge Ubink, Harmen JG Van de Werken, Arianna Fumagalli, Madelon Paauwe, Jacco Van Rheenen,
eLife.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine gene variants: Impact on susceptibility and survival of hepatocellular carcinoma patients
Samar Kamal Darweesh, Rasha Ahmed Abd Alziz, Heba Omar, Dina Sabry, Wael Fathy
Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology.2019; 34(8): 1424. CrossRef
Self‐Targeting, Immune Transparent Plasma Protein Coated Nanocomplex for Noninvasive Photothermal Anticancer Therapy
Fwu‐Long Mi, Thierry Burnouf, Shih‐Yuan Lu, Yu‐Jen Lu, Kun‐Ying Lu, Yi‐Cheng Ho, Chang‐Yi Kuo, Er‐Yuan Chuang
Advanced Healthcare Materials.2017;[Epub] CrossRef
SPARC: As a prognostic biomarker in rectal cancer patients treated with chemo-radiotherapy
Neslihan Kurtul, Erdem Arzu Taşdemir, Dilek Ünal, Mustafa İzmirli, Celalettin Eroglu
Cancer Biomarkers.2017; 18(4): 459. CrossRef
Tumor–stroma ratio is an independent predictor for survival in early cervical carcinoma
Jing Liu, Juan Liu, Jinsong Li, Yingling Chen, Xiaoling Guan, Xiaojuan Wu, Chunyan Hao, Yanlin Sun, Yan Wang, Xiao Wang
Gynecologic Oncology.2014; 132(1): 81. CrossRef
Significance of Secreted Protein Acidic and Rich in Cysteine Expression in Colorectal Carcinoma
Young Jin Kim
Annals of Coloproctology.2013; 29(3): 87. CrossRef

Individualized Cutoff Value of the Preoperative Carcinoembryonic Antigen Level is Necessary for Optimal Use as a Prognostic Marker: Byeong Geon Jeon, Rumi Shin, Jung Kee Chung, In Mok Jung, Seung Chul Heo; Ann Coloproctol. 2013;29(3):106-114. Published online June 30, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2013.29.3.106

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19 Citations

Abstract PDF

Purpose

Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) is an important prognostic marker in colorectal cancer (CRC). However, in some stages, it does not work. We performed this study to find a way in which preoperative CEA could be used as a constant prognostic marker in harmony with the TNM staging system.

Methods

Preoperative CEA levels and recurrences in CRC were surveyed. The distribution of CEA levels and the recurrences in each TNM stage of CRC were analyzed. An optimal cutoff value for each TNM stage was calculated and tested for validity as a prognostic marker within the TNM staging system.

Results

The conventional cutoff value of CEA (5 ng/mL) was an independent prognostic factor on the whole. However, when evaluated in subgroups, it was not a prognostic factor in stage I or stage III of N2. A subgroup analysis according to TNM stage revealed different CEA distributions and recurrence rates corresponding to different CEA ranges. The mean CEA levels were higher in advanced stages. In addition, the recurrence rates of corresponding CEA ranges were higher in advanced stages. Optimal cutoff values from the receiver operating characteristic curves were 7.4, 5.5, and 4.5 ng/mL for TNM stage I, II, and III, respectively. Those for N0, N1, and N2 stages were 5.5, 4.8, and 3.5 ng/mL, respectively. The 5-year disease-free survivals were significantly different according to these cutoff values for each TNM and N stage. The multivariate analysis confirmed the new cutoff values to be more efficient in discriminating the prognosis in the subgroups of the TNM stages.

Conclusion

Individualized cutoff values of the preoperative CEA level are a more practical prognostic marker following and in harmony with the TNM staging system.

Citations

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Grading carcinoembryonic antigen levels can enhance the effectiveness of prognostic stratification in patients with colorectal cancer: a single-centre retrospective study
Hailun Xie, Lishuang Wei, Qiwen Wang, Shuangyi Tang, Jialiang Gan
BMJ Open.2024; 14(10): e084219. CrossRef
Cell-free circulating ALU repeats in serum have a prognostic value for colorectal cancer patients
Isabel Anzinger, Dorothea Nagel, Enrico N. De Toni, Andrea Ofner, Alexander B. Philipp, Lesca M. Holdt, Daniel Teupser, Frank T. Kolligs, Andreas Herbst
Cancer Biomarkers.2023; 37(4): 237. CrossRef
Prognostic value of preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen and D-dimer concentrations in patients undergoing curative resection for colorectal cancer
Yasutomo Ojima, Masao Harano, Daisuke Sumitani, Masanori Yoshimitsu, Masazumi Okajima
Surgery Today.2021; 51(7): 1108. CrossRef
Incidence of and Risk Factors for Gastroepiploic Lymph Node Involvement in Patients with Cancer of the Transverse Colon Including the Hepatic Flexure
Xiaojie Wang, Shenghui Huang, Xingrong Lu, Ying Huang, Pan Chi
World Journal of Surgery.2021; 45(5): 1514. CrossRef
Diagnostic accuracy of follow‐up tests for detecting colorectal cancer recurrences in primary care: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Geertje B. Liemburg, Daan Brandenbarg, Marjolein Y. Berger, Saskia F.A. Duijts, Gea A. Holtman, Geertruida H. Bock, Joke C. Korevaar, Annette J. Berendsen
European Journal of Cancer Care.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Serum carcinoembryonic antigen pre‐operative level in colorectal cancer: revisiting risk stratification
Cristiana Iacuzzo, Paola Germani, Marina Troian, Tommaso Cipolat Mis, Fabiola Giudici, Edoardo Osenda, Marina Bortul, Nicolò de Manzini
ANZ Journal of Surgery.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
The role of preoperative CEA in the management of colorectal cancer: A cohort study from two cancer centres
Ali Riaz Baqar, Simon Wilkins, Margaret Staples, Chun Hin Angus Lee, Karen Oliva, Paul McMurrick
International Journal of Surgery.2019; 64: 10. CrossRef
Comparison of Four Automated Carcinoembryonic Antigen Immunoassays: ADVIA Centaur XP, ARCHITECT I2000sr, Elecsys E170, and Unicel Dxi800
Joonhong Park, Seungok Lee, Yeongsic Kim, Aeran Choi, Hyeyoung Lee, Jihyang Lim, Yonggoo Kim, Kyungja Han, Eun-jee Oh
Annals of Laboratory Medicine.2018; 38(4): 355. CrossRef
Potential of quantitative SEPT9 and SHOX2 methylation in plasmatic circulating cell-free DNA as auxiliary staging parameter in colorectal cancer: a prospective observational cohort study
Julia Bergheim, Alexander Semaan, Heidrun Gevensleben, Susanne Groening, Andreas Knoblich, Jörn Dietrich, Julia Weber, Jörg C. Kalff, Friedrich Bootz, Glen Kristiansen, Dimo Dietrich
British Journal of Cancer.2018; 118(9): 1217. CrossRef
Pre‐operative carcinoembryonic antigen predicts survival following colorectal cancer surgery with curative intent
Ashok Gunawardene, Peter Larsen, Ali Shekouh, Elizabeth Dennett
ANZ Journal of Surgery.2018; 88(12): 1311. CrossRef
Accessing new prognostic significance of preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen in colorectal cancer receiving tumor resection: More than positive and negative
Zerong Cai, Jian Xiao, Xiaosheng He, Jia Ke, Yifeng Zou, Yufeng Chen, Xianrui Wu, Xiaoling Li, Lei Wang, Jianping Wang, Ping Lan, Xiaojian Wu
Cancer Biomarkers.2017; 19(2): 161. CrossRef
A nanobody targeting carcinoembryonic antigen as a promising molecular probe for non-small cell lung cancer
Hao Wang, Ai-Min Meng, Sheng-Hua Li, Xiao-Liang Zhou
Molecular Medicine Reports.2017; 16(1): 625. CrossRef
Valor pronóstico pretratamiento del antígeno carcinoembrionario en el cáncer colorrectal operado. ¿Es útil en todos los estadios del tumor?
Ana Borda, Carlos Prieto, Javier Jiménez, Juan Vila, José Manuel Zozaya, Fernando Borda
Gastroenterología y Hepatología.2016; 39(3): 191. CrossRef
Prognostic value of preoperative carcinoembryogenic antigen: Is it useful in all stages of colorectal cancer?
Ana Borda, Carlos Prieto, Javier Jiménez, Juan Vila, José Manuel Zozaya, Fernando Borda
Gastroenterología y Hepatología (English Edition).2016; 39(3): 191. CrossRef
Analysis of colorectal cancer glyco‐secretome identifies laminin β‐1 (LAMB1) as a potential serological biomarker for colorectal cancer
Qifeng Lin, Hannah S.R. Lim, Hui Ling Lin, Hwee Tong Tan, Teck Kwang Lim, Wai Kit Cheong, Peh Yean Cheah, Choong Leong Tang, Pierce K. H. Chow, Maxey C. M. Chung
PROTEOMICS.2015; 15(22): 3905. CrossRef
Preoperative Carcinoembryonic Antigen and Prognosis of Colorectal Cancer. An Independent Prognostic Factor Still Reliable
Giovanni Li Destri, Antonio Salvatore Rubino, Rosalia Latino, Fabio Giannone, Raffaele Lanteri, Beniamino Scilletta, Antonio Di Cataldo
International Surgery.2015; 100(4): 617. CrossRef
Carcinoembryonic antigen levels in colorectal cancer: Are we too preoccupied?
G Aggarwal, MK Roy, S Banerjee
Indian Journal of Cancer.2014; 51(4): 452. CrossRef
Lectin approaches for glycoproteomics in FDA-approved cancer biomarkers
Haitham A Badr, Dina MM AlSadek, Ashraf A Darwish, Abdelaleim I ElSayed, Bakhytzhan O Bekmanov, Elmira M Khussainova, Xueji Zhang, William CS Cho, Leyla B Djansugurova, Chen-Zhong Li
Expert Review of Proteomics.2014; 11(2): 227. CrossRef
Individualized Cutoff Value of the Serum Carcinoembryonic Antigen Level According to TNM Stage in Colorectal Cancer
Byung-Kwon Ahn
Annals of Coloproctology.2013; 29(3): 91. CrossRef

Prognostic Impact of the Metastatic Lymph Node Ratio on Survival in Rectal Cancer: Wafi Attaallah, Omer Gunal, Manuk Manukyan, Gulden Ozden, Cumhur Yegen; Ann Coloproctol. 2013;29(3):100-105. Published online June 30, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2013.29.3.100

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15 Citations

Abstract PDF

Purpose

Lymph-node metastasis is the most important predictor of survival in stage III rectal cancer. The number of metastatic lymph nodes may vary depending on the level of specimen dissection and the total number of lymph nodes harvested. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the lymph node ratio (LNR) is a prognostic parameter for patients with rectal cancer.

Methods

A retrospective review of a database of rectal cancer patients was performed to determine the effect of the LNR on the disease-free survival (DFS) and the overall survival. Of the total 228 patients with rectal cancer, 55 patients with stage III cancer were eligible for analysis. Survival curves were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Cox regression analyses, after adjustments for potential confounders, were used to evaluate the relationship between the LNR and survival.

Results

According to the cutoff point 0.15 (15%), the 2-year DFS was 95.2% among patients with a LNR < 0.15 compared with 67.6% for those with LNR ≥ 0.15 (P = 0.02). In stratified and multivariate analyses adjusted for age, gender, histology and tumor status, a higher LNR was independently associated with worse DFS.

Conclusion

This study showed the prognostic significance of ratio-based staging for rectal cancer and may help in developing better staging systems. LNR 0.15 (15%) was shown to be a cutoff point for determining survival and prognosis in rectal cancer cases.

Citations

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Bahadır Kartal, Mehmet Berksun Tutan
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Wei Peng, Huimin Qiao, Linfeng Mo, You Guo
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Alimohammad Bananzadeh, Ali Daneshvar Jahromi, Amirhossein Emami Meybodi, Seyed Mohammad Kazem Tadayon, Mohammad Rezazadehkermani
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Annals of Surgical Oncology.2020; 27(5): 1480. CrossRef
Oncologic Outcomes of Postoperative Chemoradiotherapy Versus Chemotherapy Alone in Stage II and III Upper Rectal Cancer
Ji Eun Yoon, Soo Young Lee, Han Duk Kwak, Seung Seop Yeom, Chang Hyun Kim, Jae Kyun Joo, Hyeong Rok Kim, Young Jin Kim
Annals of Coloproctology.2019; 35(3): 137. CrossRef
Clinical Implications of Lymph Node Metastasis in Colorectal Cancer: Current Status and Future Perspectives
Hye Jin Kim, Gyu–Seog Choi
Annals of Coloproctology.2019; 35(3): 109. CrossRef
Proposal of a modified American Joint Committee on Cancer staging scheme for resectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma with a lymph node ratio-based N classification
Huan-Jun Li, Yu-Tong Chen, Shu-Qiang Yuan
Medicine.2018; 97(34): e12094. CrossRef
A systematic review of the prognostic value of lymph node ratio, number of positive nodes and total nodes examined in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
M Elshaer, G Gravante, M Kosmin, A Riaz, A Al-Bahrani
The Annals of The Royal College of Surgeons of England.2017; 99(2): 101. CrossRef
Preoperative SCC Antigen, CRP Serum Levels, and Lymph Node Density in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Mohamad Adel, Chung-Kan Tsao, Fu-Chan Wei, Huei-Tzu Chien, Chih-Hsiung Lai, Chun-Ta Liao, Hung-Ming Wang, Kang-Hsing Fan, Chung-Jan Kang, Joseph Tung-Chieh Chang, Shiang-Fu Huang
Medicine.2016; 95(14): e3149. CrossRef
Prognostic Impact of the Metastatic Lymph Node Ratio on Survival in Gastric Cancer
Wafi Attaallah, Kivilcim Uprak, Omer Gunal, Cumhur Yegen
Indian Journal of Surgical Oncology.2016; 7(1): 67. CrossRef
Lymph node density in oral cavity cancer: results of the International Consortium for Outcomes Research
S G Patel, M Amit, T C Yen, C T Liao, P Chaturvedi, J P Agarwal, L P Kowalski, A Ebrahimi, J R Clark, C R Cernea, S J Brandao, M Kreppel, J Zöller, D Fliss, E Fridman, G Bachar, T Shpitzer, V A Bolzoni, P R Patel, S Jonnalagadda, K T Robbins, J P Shah, Z
British Journal of Cancer.2013; 109(8): 2087. CrossRef
Clinical Significance of the Metastatic Lymph-Node Ratio in Rectal Cancer
Hyoung Chul Park
Annals of Coloproctology.2013; 29(3): 89. CrossRef

Oncologic Outcomes of Stage IIIA Colon Cancer for Different Chemotherapeutic Regimens: Yoo Sung Lee, Hee Cheol Kim, Kyung Ook Jung, Yong Beom Cho, Seong Hyeon Yun, Woo Yong Lee, Ho-Kyung Chun; J Korean Soc Coloproctol. 2012;28(5):259-264. Published online October 31, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/jksc.2012.28.5.259

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Abstract PDF

Purpose

Adjuvant chemotherapy is currently recommended for Stage IIIA colon cancers. This study aimed to elucidate the oncologic outcomes of Stage IIIA colon cancer according to the chemotherapeutic regimen based on a retrospective review.

Methods

From 1995 to 2008, Stage IIIA colon cancer patients were identified from a prospectively maintained database at a single institution. Exclusion criteria were as follows: rectal cancer, another malignancy other than colon cancer, no adjuvant chemotherapy and unknown chemotherapeutic regimen. One hundred thirty-one patients were enrolled in the study, and the clinicopathologic and the oncologic characteristics were analyzed. The number of males was 72, and the number of females was 59; the mean age was 59.5 years (range, 25 to 76 years), and the median follow-up period was 33 months (range, 2 to 127 months).

Results

Of the 131 patients, fluorouracil/leucovorin (FL)/capecitabine chemotherapy was performed in 109 patients, and FOLFOX chemotherapy was performed in 22 patients. When the patients who received FL/capecitabine chemotherapy and the patients who received FOLFOX chemotherapy were compared, there was no significant difference in the clinicopathologic factors between the two groups. The 5-year overall survival and the 5-year disease-free survival were 97.2% and 94.5% in the FL/capecitabine patient group and 95.5% and 90.9% in the FOLFOX patient group, respectively, and no statistically significant differences were noted between the two groups.

Conclusion

Stage IIIA colon cancer showed good oncologic outcomes, and the chemotherapeutic regimen did not seem to affect the oncologic outcome.

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A New Method for Constructing Macrophage-Associated Predictors of Treatment Efficacy Based on Single-Cell Sequencing Analysis
Jianxiu Lin, Yang Ran, Tengfei Wu, Zishan Wang, Jinjin Zhao, Yun Tian
Journal of Immunotherapy.2024; 47(2): 33. CrossRef
Distinctive oncological features of stage IIIA colorectal cancer: Analysis of prognostic factors for selective adjuvant chemotherapy
Soo Yeun Park, Gyu‐Seog Choi, Jun Seok Park, Hye Jin Kim, Yoshiharu Sakai, Suguru Hasegawa, Toshiaki Watanabe, Seon Hahn Kim
Journal of Surgical Oncology.2015; 111(7): 882. CrossRef

Prognostic Implication of 15-Hydroxyprostaglandin Dehydrogenase Down-Regulation in Patients with Colorectal Cancer: Pil Sung Kang, Jin Ha Kim, Ok In Moon, Sung Chul Lim, Kyung Jong Kim; J Korean Soc Coloproctol. 2012;28(5):253-258. Published online October 31, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/jksc.2012.28.5.253

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Abstract PDF

Purpose

Prostaglandin (PG) E2 is known to be closely related to cancer progression and is inactivated by 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (PGDH). 15-PGDH is shown to have tumor suppressor activity and to be down-regulated in various cancers, including colorectal cancer (CRC). Therefore, we evaluated the expression of 15-PGDH and its prognostic effect in patients with CRC.

Methods

15-PGDH expression was examined by using immunohistochemistry in 77 patients with CRC. Its prognostic significance was statistically evaluated.

Results

Negative 15-PGDH expression was noted in 55.8% of the 77 cases of CRC. 15-PGDH expression showed no correlation with any of the various clinicopathologic parameters. The status of lymph node metastasis, tumor-node-metastasis stages, and pre-operative carcinoembryonic antigen levels showed significant prognostic effect. However, univariate analysis revealed down-regulation of 15-PGDH not to be a predictor of poor survival. The 5-year overall survival rate was 71.7% in the group with positive expression of 15-PGDH and 67.1% in the group with negative expression of 15-PGDH, but this difference was not statistically significant (P = 0.751).

Conclusion

15-PGDH was down-regulated in 55.8% of the colorectal cancer patients. However, down-regulation of 15-PGDH showed no prognostic value in patients with CRC. Further larger scale or prospective studies are needed to clarify the prognostic effect of 15-PGDH down-regulation in patients with colorectal cancer.

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The tumor suppressor role and epigenetic regulation of 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase (15-PGDH) in cancer and tumor microenvironment (TME)
SubbaRao V. Tulimilli, Medha Karnik, Anjali Devi S. Bettadapura, Olga A. Sukocheva, Edmund Tse, Gowthamarajan Kuppusamy, Suma M. Natraj, SubbaRao V. Madhunapantula
Pharmacology & Therapeutics.2025; 268: 108826. CrossRef
Molecular Targets in Precision Chemoprevention of Colorectal Cancer: An Update from Pre-Clinical to Clinical Trials
Nagendra S. Yarla, Venkateshwar Madka, Gopal Pathuri, Chinthalapally V. Rao
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2020; 21(24): 9609. CrossRef

Effectiveness of Adjuvant Chemotherapy with 5-FU/Leucovorin and Prognosis in Stage II Colon Cancer: Sun Hee Jee, Sun Mi Moon, Ui Sup Shin, Hoe Min Yang, Dae-Yong Hwang; J Korean Soc Coloproctol. 2011;27(6):322-328. Published online December 31, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/jksc.2011.27.6.322

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Abstract PDF

Purpose

The aims of this study were to investigate the survival results and the prognostic factors of adjuvant chemotherapy in stage II colon cancer in the sparsity of Korean data.

Methods

From 1993 to 2006, 363 curatively resected pathologic stage II colon cancer patients were enrolled. Six cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy was performed: intravenous bolus 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) 500 mg/m² with leucovorin 20 mg/m2 for 2 hours daily for 5 days, followed by a 3-week resting period (n = 308). Fifty-five patients received only curative surgery. A high risk of recurrence was defined as the presence of one or more of the following factors: T4 tumor, lympho-vascular invasion, perineural invasion, perforation, obstruction, retrieved lymph node < 12, and poorly differention. The median follow-up period was 68 months (1 to 205 months).

Results

The five-year overall survival (OS) rate was 90.1%, and the five-year disease-free survival (DFS) rate was 84.7%. Among high-risk patients, the OS and the DFS rates of the treatment group were significantly higher than those of the non-treatment group (OS: 90.6% vs. 69.1%, P < 0.0001; DFS: 85.9% vs. 54.1%, P < 0.0001). Among low-risk patients, the survival results of the treatment group were also significantly superior (OS: 97.7% vs. 88.2%, P < 0.0001; DFS: 93.0% vs. 80.0%, P = 0.001). In the multivariate analysis, adjuvant chemotherapy was a significantly favorable prognostic factor for overall survival (hazard ratio, 0.41; 95% confidence interval, 0.22 to 0.75; P = 0.004).

Conclusion

In our population, adjuvant chemotherapy showed superior survival to curative surgery alone and significantly reduced the risk of death. A nationwide multicenter randomized trial is needed.

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Ulva pertusa Modulated Colonic Oxidative Stress Markers and Clinical Parameters: A Potential Adjuvant Therapy to Manage Side Effects During 5-FU Regimen
Alberto Repici, Anna Paola Capra, Ahmed Hasan, Rossella Basilotta, Sarah Adriana Scuderi, Michela Campolo, Irene Paterniti, Emanuela Esposito, Alessio Ardizzone
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2024; 25(23): 12988. CrossRef
Using zebrafish to assess the effect of chronic, early developmental exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin
M. Ng, K. DeCicco-Skinner, V.P. Connaughton
Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology.2020; 76: 103356. CrossRef
Postoperative chemotherapy improves survival in patients with resected high‐risk Stage II colorectal cancer: results of a systematic review and meta‐analysis
C. Simillis, H. K. S. I. Singh, T. Afxentiou, S. Mills, O. J. Warren, J. J. Smith, P. Riddle, M. Adamina, D. Cunningham, P. P. Tekkis
Colorectal Disease.2020; 22(10): 1231. CrossRef
Patient Selection for Adjuvant Chemotherapy in High-Risk Stage II Colon Cancer
Chao Zhang, Songcheng Yin, Yuen Tan, Jinyu Huang, Pengliang Wang, Wenbin Hou, Zhe Zhang, Huimian Xu
American Journal of Clinical Oncology.2020; 43(4): 279. CrossRef
Scoulerine promotes cell viability reduction and apoptosis by activating ROS-dependent endoplasmic reticulum stress in colorectal cancer cells
Jiaxun Tian, Jiamei Mo, Lan Xu, Rui Zhang, Yun Qiao, Bin Liu, Lei Jiang, Siyang Ma, Gang Shi
Chemico-Biological Interactions.2020; 327: 109184. CrossRef
Effectiveness of adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with Stage II colorectal cancer: A multicenter retrospective study
Hasan Jalaeikhoo, Mohammad Zokaasadi, Ahmad Khajeh-Mehrizi, Mohsen Rajaeinejad, Seied Asadollah Mousavi, Mohammad Vaezi, Hosein Kmranzadeh Fumani, Manoutchehr Keyhani, Kamran Alimoghaddam, Ardeshir Ghavamzadeh
Journal of Research in Medical Sciences.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
Colorectal obstruction is a potential prognostic factor for stage II colorectal cancer
Yusuke Okuda, Takaya Shimura, Tomonori Yamada, Yoshikazu Hirata, Ryuzo Yamaguchi, Eiji Sakamoto, Hiromi Kataoka
International Journal of Clinical Oncology.2018; 23(6): 1101. CrossRef
Effect of Adjuvant Chemotherapy on Stage II Colon Cancer: Analysis of Korean National Data
Min Ki Kim, Daeyoun David Won, Sun Min Park, Taejung Kim, Sung Ryong Kim, Seong Taek Oh, Seung Kook Sohn, Mi Yeon Kang, In Kyu Lee
Cancer Research and Treatment.2018; 50(4): 1149. CrossRef
Perineural Invasion Is a Strong Prognostic Factor in Colorectal Cancer
Nikki Knijn, Stephanie C. Mogk, Steven Teerenstra, Femke Simmer, Iris D. Nagtegaal
American Journal of Surgical Pathology.2016; 40(1): 103. CrossRef
Prognostic Value of Perineural Invasion in Colorectal Cancer: A Meta-Analysis
Yuchong Yang, Xuanzhang Huang, Jingxu Sun, Peng Gao, Yongxi Song, Xiaowan Chen, Junhua Zhao, Zhenning Wang
Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery.2015; 19(6): 1113. CrossRef
Colchicine induces apoptosis in HT-29 human colon cancer cells via the AKT and c-Jun N-terminal kinase signaling pathways
ZHEN HUANG, YE XU, WEI PENG
Molecular Medicine Reports.2015; 12(4): 5939. CrossRef
Is Microsatellite Instability Really a Good Prognostic Factor of Colorectal Cancer?
Ui Sup Shin, Sang Sik Cho, Sun Mi Moon, Sun Hoo Park, Sun Hee Jee, Eun-Joo Jung, Dae-Yong Hwang
Annals of Coloproctology.2014; 30(1): 28. CrossRef
The Sirtuin 3 Expression Profile Is Associated with Pathological and Clinical Outcomes in Colon Cancer Patients
Chunyuan Liu, Zonghai Huang, Hong Jiang, Fujun Shi
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Do High-risk Features Support the Use of Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Stage II Colon Cancer? A Turkish Oncology Group Study
Mehmet Artac, Nazim Serdar Turhal, Murat Kocer, Bulent Karabulut, Hakan Bozcuk, Suayip Yalcin, Mustafa Karaagac, Seyda Gündüz, Nalan Isik, Kazim Uygun
Tumori Journal.2014; 100(2): 143. CrossRef
Laparoscopic Colectomy Decreases the Time to Administration of Chemotherapy Compared with Open Colectomy
Vitaliy Poylin, Thomas Curran, Eliza Lee, Deborah Nagle
Annals of Surgical Oncology.2014; 21(11): 3587. CrossRef
Identification of the Risk Factors for Recurrence of Stage II Rectal Cancer
Sho Sawazaki, Manabu Shiozawa, Teni Godai, Yusuke Katayama, Koji Numata, Akio Higuchi, Yasushi Rino, Munetaka Masuda, Makoto Akaike
Nippon Daicho Komonbyo Gakkai Zasshi.2014; 67(5): 305. CrossRef
Current Controversies in the Management of Colon Cancer
Supriya S. Patel, Adrienne Floyd, Michael G. Doorly, Adrian E. Ortega, Glenn T. Ault, Andreas M. Kaiser, Anthony J. Senagore
Current Problems in Surgery.2012; 49(7): 398. CrossRef

Prognostic Significance of Lymph Node Ratio in Stage III Rectal Cancer: Jin Yong Shin, Kwan Hee Hong; J Korean Soc Coloproctol. 2011;27(5):252-259. Published online October 31, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/jksc.2011.27.5.252

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Abstract PDF

Purpose

Although nodal metastasis is the most powerful prognostic factor in rectal cancer, marked heterogeneity exists within stage III rectal cancer. Recent studies of rectal cancer have shown a prognostic superiority of the lymph node ratio (LNR) compared with N stage. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prognostic value of the LNR in the era of the 7th edition of the TNM classification.

Methods

We included 190 patients who underwent a curative resection for rectal cancer with nodal metastasis. The patients were divided into four groups on the basis of statistically calculated cut-off values as 0.21, 0.32, and 0.61.

Results

The LNR was an independent risk factor for overall survival (OS; P = 0.008) and for systemic recurrence-free survival (SRFS; P = 0.002). However, the LNR was not a predictive factor for local recurrence. When the N stage of the sixth TNM staging system was separately analyzed as a covariate, the LNR was also found to be a predictive factor for both OS and SRFS (P = 0.012 and P = 0.004, respectively). A LNR value of 0.21 offered the best cut off to separate patients into two prognostic groups.

Conclusion

The defined cut-off values of the LNR were an independent risk factor for OS and distant metastasis-free survival in patients with rectal cancer, irrespective of the sixth or the seventh version of the TNM classification, and the LNR should be considered as a prognostic variable in any future staging system.

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Prognostic value of lymph node ratio in non-small-cell lung cancer: a meta-analysis
Jian Zhou, Zhangyu Lin, Mengyuan Lyu, Nan Chen, Hu Liao, Zihuai Wang, Jianqi Hao, Chunyi Yan, Lunxu Liu
Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology.2020; 50(1): 44. CrossRef
Comparison of two novel staging systems with the TNM system in predicting stage III colon cancer survival
Richard Walker, Trevor Wood, Emily LeSouder, Michelle Cleghorn, Manjula Maganti, Andrea MacNeill, Fayez A. Quereshy
Journal of Surgical Oncology.2018; 117(5): 1049. CrossRef
The Prognostic Impact of the Metastatic Lymph Nodes Ratio in Colorectal Cancer
Chi-Hao Zhang, Yan-Yan Li, Qing-Wei Zhang, Alberto Biondi, Valeria Fico, Roberto Persiani, Xiao-Chun Ni, Meng Luo
Frontiers in Oncology.2018;[Epub] CrossRef
Log odds of positive lymph nodes is a superior prognostic indicator in stage III rectal cancer patients: A retrospective analysis of 17,632 patients in the SEER database
Ben Huang, Chen Chen, Mengdong Ni, Shaobo Mo, Guoxiang Cai, Sanjun Cai
International Journal of Surgery.2016; 32: 24. CrossRef
Clinical Significance of the Metastatic Lymph-Node Ratio in Rectal Cancer
Hyoung Chul Park
Annals of Coloproctology.2013; 29(3): 89. CrossRef
Prognostic Impact of the Metastatic Lymph Node Ratio on Survival in Rectal Cancer
Wafi Attaallah, Omer Gunal, Manuk Manukyan, Gulden Ozden, Cumhur Yegen
Annals of Coloproctology.2013; 29(3): 100. CrossRef
O índice de linfonodos comprometidos como um preditor para a ocorrência de recidivas tumorais no câncer de cólon estádio III
Tiago L. Dedavid e Silva, Daniel C. Damin
Revista do Colégio Brasileiro de Cirurgiões.2013; 40(6): 463. CrossRef

Matrix Metalloproteinase-2 and -7 Expression in Colorectal Cancer: Seong Woo Hong, Yun Kyung Kang, Byungmo Lee, Woo Yong Lee, Yeo Gu Jang, In Wook Paik, Hyucksang Lee; J Korean Soc Coloproctol. 2011;27(3):133-139. Published online June 30, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/jksc.2011.27.3.133

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Abstract PDF

Purpose

Matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2) and MMP-7 have been implicated in tumor growth and metastasis. This study aimed to investigate the expressions of MMP-2 and -7 in colorectal cancer and to evaluate their values as prognostic markers.

Methods

Immunohistochemical staining for MMP-2 and -7 was done in 144 resected colorectal cancer specimens. Clinicopathological data and survival results were compared with regard to the expression results.

Results

The expression rates of MMP-2 in tumor cells in the tumor center and the tumor border were 16.7% and 38.9%, respectively. That of MMP-2 in stromal cells was 27.8%. MMP-7 immunoreactivities of tumor cells in the tumor center and the tumor border were 6.9% and 23.6%. The expressions of MMP-2 and MMP-7 were correlated. MMP-2 expression in stromal cells was more increased in the distal part of the colorectum: 8.8% in right colon cancer, 29.5% in left colon cancer and 36.4% in rectal cancer. MMP-2 expression of tumor cells in the tumor border was correlated with T-stage. MMP-7 expression of tumor cells in the tumor border was increased in case of infiltrative cancer compared with fungating tumor. The expression patterns of MMP-2 and -7 were not correlated with other clinicopathological factors, including tumor markers, node metastasis, distant metastasis, lymphatic invasion, tumor differentiation, and recurrence. No significant associations between the overall and disease-free survival rates and the MMP-2 and -7 expression patterns were noted.

Conclusion

The high expression rates of MMP-2 and -7 in tumor borders suggest that MMP-2 and -7 have some role in tumor invasion, but in this study, MMP-2 and -7 did not appear to be significant predictors of prognosis in colorectal cancer.

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Clinical Impact of Tumor Regression Grade after Preoperative Chemoradiation for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer: Subset Analyses in Lymph Node Negative Patients: Byung Soh Min, Nam Kyu Kim, Ju Yeon Pyo, Hoguen Kim, Jinsil Seong, Ki Chang Keum, Seung Kook Sohn, Chang Hwan Cho; J Korean Soc Coloproctol. 2011;27(1):31-40. Published online February 28, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/jksc.2011.27.1.31

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Abstract PDF

Background

We investigated the prognostic significance of tumor regression grade (TRG) after preoperative chemoradiation therapy (preop-CRT) for locally advanced rectal cancer especially in the patients without lymph node metastasis.

Methods

One-hundred seventy-eight patients who had cT3/4 tumors were given 5,040 cGy preoperative radiation with 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin chemotherapy. A total mesorectal excision was performed 4-6 weeks after preop-CRT. TRG was defined as follows: grade 1 as no cancer cells remaining; grade 2 as cancer cells outgrown by fibrosis; grade 3 as a minimal presence or absence of regression. The prognostic significance of TRG in comparison with histopathologic staging was analyzed.

Results

Seventeen patients (9.6%) showed TRG1. TRG was found to be significantly associated with cancer-specific survival (CSS; P = 0.001) and local recurrence (P = 0.039) in the univariate study, but not in the multivariate analysis. The ypN stage was the strongest prognostic factor in the multivariate analysis. Subgroup analysis revealed TRG to be an independent prognostic factor for the CSS of ypN0 patients (P = 0.031). TRG had a stronger impact on the CSS of ypN (-) patients (P = 0.002) than on that of ypN (+) patients (P = 0.521). In ypT2N0 and ypT3N0, CSS was better for TRG2 than for TRG3 (P = 0.041, P = 0.048), and in ypN (-) and TRG2 tumors, CSS was better for ypT1-2 than for ypT3-4 (P = 0.034).

Conclusion

TRG was found to be the strongest prognostic factor in patients without lymph node metastasis (ypN0), and different survival was observed according to TRG among patients with a specific histopathologic stage. Thus, TRG may provide an accurate prediction of prognosis and may be used for f tailoring treatment for patients without lymph node metastasis.

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Tumor Regression Grade as a Prognostic Factor in Metastatic Colon Cancer Following Preoperative Chemotherapy
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Microsatellite Instability-low Colorectal Carcinomas: Are They Comparable with Microsatellite Stable Cancer?.: Paek, Ok Joo , Oh, Seung Yeop , Kim, Young Bae , Suh, Kwang Wook; J Korean Soc Coloproctol. 2010;26(2):145-151.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/jksc.2010.26.2.145

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PURPOSE
Microsatellite instability-high (MSI-H) colorectal cancer (CRC) displays a well-described distinct phenotype, but the true biological significance of MSI-low (L) is still uncertain. To clarify the significance of this MSI-L, we studied the differences between patients with CRC with MSI-H, MSI-L, and microsatellite stability (MSS).
METHODS
A total of 723 consecutive patients (429 males and 294 females) who had undergone resections between September 2002 and August 2007 were studied. We analyzed the clinicopathological features, the MSI statuses, and the prognoses of the 723 CRC patients.
RESULTS
MSI-H was observed in 54 (7.5%), MSI-L in 27 (3.7%), and MSS in 642 (88.8%) of the 723 colorectal cancer patients. MSI-L and MSS CRC share similar clinicopathological features. A univariate analysis showed no significant differences in overall survival between MSI-L, MSS, and MSI-H. In the multivariate Cox regression analysis, MSI-L was significantly (P=0.036) associated with poorer prognosis compared with MSS tumors, after adjustment for factors previous shown to be associated with the survival based on potentially relevant variables.
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, the current study showed no difference in the clinicopathological features of MSI-L versus MSS CRCs. However, in the multivariate analysis, patients with MSI-L CRCs had significantly poorer overall survival. Finally, these findings support the existence of MSI-L CRCs as a distinct category. Thus, further studies are required to explore possible reasons for the adverse prognosis associated with MSI-L cancers.

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MSI‐L/EMAST is a predictive biomarker for metastasis in colorectal cancer patients
Amir Torshizi Esfahani, Seyed Yoosef Seyedna, Ehsan Nazemalhosseini Mojarad, Ahmad Majd, Hamid Asadzadeh Aghdaei
Journal of Cellular Physiology.2019; 234(8): 13128. CrossRef

Survival Rate and Prognostic Factors in Perforated Colorectal Cancer Patients: A Case-Control Study.: Kim, Min Sang , Lim, Seung Woo , Park, Sung Jin , Gwak, Geumhee , Yang, Keun Ho , Bae, Byung Noe , Kim, Ki Hwan , Han, Sewhan , Kim, Hong Joo , Kim, Young Duck , Kim, Hong Yong; J Korean Soc Coloproctol. 2010;26(1):69-75.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/jksc.2010.26.1.69

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Abstract PDF

PURPOSE
Perforations are rare but serious complications in colorectal cancer. Controversy exists over whether to perform a radical operation because colorectal cancer perforation is considered as an advanced stage disease, and septic complications of peritonitis have been identified as being responsible for a poor prognosis. The aim of this study was to assess the correlation between the survival rate and the clinicopathological parameters that might be used as predictive factors of the prognosis for perforated colorectal cancer.
METHODS
The analysis was based on 24 cases of perforated colorectal cancer (the case group), 48 cases of matching uncomplicated colorectal cancer (the control group), and 72 cases of the case and the control groups combined together (the combined group), all of which were identified during a 10-yr period in a single institution.
RESULTS
The five-year survival rates of the perforated colorectal cancer patients and their matching controls were similar (P=0.484). No significant differences in the locations of the cancer, the pre-operative carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels, the tumor sizes, the resection margins, or the numbers of the lymph nodes harvested were found between the two groups. A univariate analysis of the prognostic factors that influenced the case group revealed that adjuvant chemotherapy (P=0.004) was significantly correlated to a better five-year survival rate. A univariate analysis of the prognostic factors that influenced the five-year survival rate of the combined group revealed that the stage (P<0.001), the pre-op CEA level (P=0.018), the angio invasion (P=0.019), the perineural invasion (P=0.019), the number of harvested lymph nodes (P=0.004), and adjuvant chemotherapy (P=0.001) were significantly correlated to the five-year survival rate. The identified independent prognostic factors in the combined group were the stage (hazard ratio, 5.20), angio-invasion (hazard ratio, 2.81), and adjuvant chemotherapy (hazard ratio, 0.17).
CONCLUSION
The clinical pathway of perforated colorectal cancer is similar to that of uncomplicated colorectal cancer. Therefore, perforated colorectal cancer patients should be recommended for treatment with the appropriate radical operation and adjuvant chemotherapy based on oncologic principles.

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The Metastatic Lymph Node Ratio is a Crucial Criterion in Colorectal Cancer Therapy Management and Prognosis
Gülçin Harman Kamalı, Sedat Kamalı
European Archives of Medical Research.2022; 38(1): 73. CrossRef
Acute Abdomen in the Oncology Patient
Katrina McGinty
Seminars in Roentgenology.2020; 55(4): 400. CrossRef
Nonobstetrical Acute Abdomen during Pregnancy as a Consequence of Colorectal Carcinoma Perforation: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Žana Žegarac, Željko Duić, Sandra Stasenko
Case Reports in Gastrointestinal Medicine.2019; 2019: 1. CrossRef
Prognostic Value of Perineural Invasion in Colorectal Cancer: A Meta-Analysis
Yuchong Yang, Xuanzhang Huang, Jingxu Sun, Peng Gao, Yongxi Song, Xiaowan Chen, Junhua Zhao, Zhenning Wang
Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery.2015; 19(6): 1113. CrossRef
Surgical management of obstructed and perforated colorectal cancer: still debating and unresolved issues
Rudra K Maitra, Charles A Maxwell-Armstrong
Colorectal Cancer.2013; 2(6): 573. CrossRef
Multivariate Analysis of the Survival Rate for Treatment Modalities in Incurable Stage IV Colorectal Cancer
Sung Kang Kim, Chang Ho Lee, Min Ro Lee, Jong Hun Kim
Journal of the Korean Society of Coloproctology.2012; 28(1): 35. CrossRef

Expression of LDH-5 in Colorectal Carcinomas: Correlation with Prognosis and Tumor Angiogenesis.: Ahn, Tae Sung , Kim, Chang Jin , Jung, Dong Jun , Park, Dong Guk , Cho, Sung Woo , Kim, Sung Young , Lee, Moon Soo , Kim, Chang Ho , Cho, Moo Sik , Baek, Moo Jun; J Korean Soc Coloproctol. 2010;26(1):62-68.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/jksc.2010.26.1.62

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Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
Lactate dehydrogenase-5 (LDH-5) is one of five isoenzymes and is the most important for anaerobic glycolysis. LDH-5 is transcriptionally regulated by hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF). HIF plays a role in the response to hypoxia by activating genes involved in vascular remodeling, cell proliferation, and erythropoiesis. In this study, we investigated the clinicopathologic significance and angiogenesis of LDH-5 expression in colorectal cancer.
METHODS
We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 83 patients with colorectal cancer who underwent a surgical resection at Soonchunhyang Cheonan Hospital from January 2001 to December 2003. LDH-5 and HIF-1alpha protein expressions were evaluated in 83 human colorectal cancer specimens. These factors were related to TNM stage, lymph node metastasis, vascular, neural, and lymphatic invasion, and prognosis.
RESULTS
LDH-5 was positive in 66% (55 patients) of the tumors, and HIF-1alpha was positive in 66% (55 patients) of the tumors. LDH-5 expression was significantly associated with HIF-1alpha protein expression (P<0.001). Also, LDH-5 expression was significantly associated with TNM stage and lymph node metastasis (P<0.001) while HIF-1alpha expression was significantly associated with TNM stage (P<0.001), lymph node metastasis (P<0.001), vascular invasion (P=0.011), and lymphatic invasion (P=0.005). The survival of the patients with high LDH-5 expression was worse than that of patients with low LDH-5 expression (P=0.032).
CONCLUSION
Our study shows a high expression of LDH-5 in colorectal cancer. The up-regulation of LDH-5 parallels an increase in HIF-1alpha expression. The immunohistochemical assessment of tissue LDH-5 and HIF-1alpha provides important prognostic information for colorectal carcinomas.

Prognosis and Recurrent Patterns of Sporadic Primary Colon Cancers According to Location.: Park, Jin Seok , Yu, Chang Sik , Kim, Chan Wook , Jeong, Kwang Yong , Shin, Ui Sup , Yoon, Sang Nam , Lim, Seok Byung , Kim, Jin Cheon; J Korean Soc Coloproctol. 2009;25(4):221-226.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/jksc.2009.25.4.221

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PURPOSE
We aimed to compare the prognosis and the recurrence patterns of sporadic primary colon cancers according to the location of the cancer. METHODS: One thousand four-hundred eighty-three (1,483) stage II, III colon cancer patients who had undergone a consecutive curative resection between January 1989 and December 2003 were analyzed. Hereditary, synchronous, metachronous, and recurrent colon cancers were excluded. The right colon was defined as being from the cecum to the transverse colon, and the left colon was defined as being from the splenic flexure colon to the rectosigmoid colon. The median follow-up time was 63 (3-228) mo. RESULTS: Poorly differentiated and mucinous cell type tumors were more frequent in the right colon. T3 tumors were more frequent in the right colon. Lymph-node-positive tumors were more frequent in the left colon. The recurrence rate was higher in the left colon, but the patterns of recurrence were not different according to the tumor's location. By univariate analysis, age, preoperative serum CEA level, T-stage, N-stage, lymphovascular invasion, postoperative chemotherapy, and tumor location were significant prognostic factors associated with recurrence. By multivariate analysis, sex, preoperative serum CEA level, T-stage, N-stage, postoperative chemotherapy, and tumor location were significant prognostic factors associated with recurrence. The 5-yr disease-free survival rates were 84.0% for right colon cancer and 77.1% for left colon cancer (P=0.005). The recurrence rates for cancers in the sigmoid colon and the rectosigmoid colon were higher than those for cancers in the cecum and the ascending colon. CONCLUSION: The tumor's location was an independent prognostic factor for recurrence, but the pattern of recurrence did not vary with the tumor's location.

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Survival analysis for colon subsite and rectal cancers: Experience from a single surgeon
Inhwa Lee, Seung-Hyun Baek, Hyunsung Kim, Hong-Jae Jo, Nahm-Gun Oh, Sanghwa Ko
Korean Journal of Clinical Oncology.2015; 11(2): 114. CrossRef

Clinical Trials

Clinical Significance of Serum Carcinoembryonic Antigen (CEA) Level at Diagnosis of Liver Metastases in Patients with Colorectal Cancer.: Nam, Jung Su , Shin, Jin Yong , Kim, Kyoung Ha , Park, Jeong Ik , Kim, Woon Won , Choi, Chang Soo , Choi, Young Gil , Hong, Kwan Hee; J Korean Soc Coloproctol. 2008;24(6):439-446.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/jksc.2008.24.6.439

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Abstract PDF

PURPOSE
In numerous clinical trials to stratify prognosis of patients with liver metastases (LM) from colorectal cancer (CRC), the clinical value of serum carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels at diagnosis of LM has not been fully investigated in these group. The aim of this study is to explore the relation of CEA to characteristics of LM and to analyze prognostic value of this widely used tool.
METHODS
We retrospectively analyzed clinical data of 143 LM patients who were performed surgical intervention or non-surgical intervention. The cohort was divided into two groups; normal CEA group (NCEAG, <5 ng/ml, n=41) and elevated CEA group (ECEAG, > or =5 ng/ml, n=102). We examined correlation between serum CEA at diagnosis of LM and other clinicopathologic factors and performed univariate and multivariate analyses to determine the clinical impact of this marker on survival.
RESULTS
Compared to ECEAG, the characteristics of LM of NCEAG was associated with unilobar distribution of LM (P=0.003), less metastases (P<0.001), less rate of synchronocity (P=0.008) and more surgical intervention of hepatic deposits (P<0.001). The 5-year survival rate for NCEAG was better than ECEAG (P=0.031). Multivariate analysis revealed that the presence of lymphatic duct invasion, no performance of chemotherapy, bilobar distribution of LM, and treatment of non-surgical intervention had a significant effect on survival. CEA elevation was identified as independently associated with bilobar distribution and non-surgical intervention of LM.
CONCLUSIONS
Although CEA level is not a independent prognostic factor in this study, the clinical characteristics identified in this study and correlation to non surgical intervention of LM may help better patient selection in the management of CRC LM patients.

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Prognostic value of increased postoperative carcinoembryonic antigen in patients with early intestinal anastomosis leakage who underwent right hemicolectomy surgery
Seifollah Rezaei, Naser Masoudi, Mohammad Yasin Karami, Ehsan Sobhanian, Morteza Amestejani, Ali Jafari
Polish Journal of Surgery.2022; 95(1): 24. CrossRef
Preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen level as an independent prognostic factor in potentially curative colon cancer
Jung Wook Huh, Byung Ryul Oh, Hyeong Rok Kim, Young Jin Kim
Journal of Surgical Oncology.2010; 101(5): 396. CrossRef

Prognostic Value of Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate in Patients with Colorectal Cancer.: Kim, Young Ki , Hong, Seong Woo , Chun, Jung Woo , Chang, Yeo Goo , Paik, In Wook , Lee, Hyucksang; J Korean Soc Coloproctol. 2008;24(5):351-356.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/jksc.2008.24.5.351

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Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
Prognostic indicators are used increasingly in clinical trials and to guide surveillance for patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). The significance of a preoperative, elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) as a predictive indicator for malignancy and for prognosis in colorectal cancer has not been elucidated. Hence, the current study was conducted to evaluate the ESR as a prognostic indicator in patients with CRC.
METHODS
This study enrolled 232 patients who underwent surgery in our hospital between 1997 and 2004. ESR with clinicopathologic features and overall survival were evaluated retrospectively.
RESULTS
The ESRs of 139 patients were elevated, and those of 93 patients were normal. Elevated ESR was associated with the male gender, decreased hemoglobin, increased platelet count, high preoperative CEA, high preoperative CA19-9, tumor size (> or =5 cm), T stage, and TNM stage. Patients with elevated ESR had poorer survival (P=0.001), but a multivariate analysis did not reveal an elevated ESR as an independent factor for prognosis.
CONCLUSIONS
Preoperative elevation of ESR in patients with CRC suggests the presence of a tumor with aggressive behavior and a poor outcome.

Original Articles

Outcomes after a Hepatic Resection for Multiple Hepatic Metastases from Colorectal Cancer.: Choi, Pyong Wha , Kim, Hee Cheol , Jung, Sang Hun , Kim, Dae Dong , Park, In Ja , Yu, Chang Sik , Kim, Jin Cheon; J Korean Soc Coloproctol. 2008;24(2):100-106.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/jksc.2008.24.2.100

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PURPOSE
Surgical resection is still considered as the gold standard in patients with hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer. The impact of the number of hepatic metastases is a controversial issue. We aimed to evaluate the outcomes and the prognostic factors after hepatic resection in multiple hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer. METHODS: Between June 1989 and October 2005, 42 patients underwent hepatic resections for three or more hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer. Disease-free survival analyses were performed on patients grouped as a function of the following factors: age, sex, preoperative serum CEA level, primary tumor site, nodal status, intrahepatic distribution, diameter of the liver lesion, their number, and the resection margin. RESULTS: Of the 42 patients, 29 (69.0%) developed recurrence (16 in the liver alone, 5 in the liver and another distant site, 8 in a distant site alone) during a median follow-up of 24 months. The overall 1-, 2-, and 5-year survival rates were 89.1%, 58.6%, and 31.8%, respectively. The 1-year and 2-year disease-free survival rates were 38.1 and 29.4%, respectively. There was no postoperative mortality and the morbidity rate was 11.9%. The disease-free survival rate was independently associated with the resection margin of the metastatic tumor (P=0.017). The 1-year disease- free survival rates in patients with more than a 5-mm resection margin and with less than a 5-mm resection margin were 72.7%, and 25.8%, respectively.
CONCLUSIONS
If technically feasible, an aggressive hepatic resection should be performed for the treatment of multiple hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer. The surgical resection margin may govern the outcomes in patients with surgically curable hepatic metastases from colorectal cancer.

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Scoring of prognostic factors that influence long-term survival in patients with hepatic metastasis of colorectal cancer
Sung Woo Ahn, Ahn Soo Na, Jae Do Yang, Hong Pil Hwang, Hee Chul Yu, Baik Hwan Cho
Korean Journal of Hepato-Biliary-Pancreatic Surgery.2011; 15(3): 146. CrossRef
Impact of Resection for Primary Colorectal Cancer on Outcomes in Patients with Synchronous Colorectal Liver Metastases
Jung Wook Huh, Chol Kyoon Cho, Hyeong Rok Kim, Young Jin Kim
Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery.2010; 14(8): 1258. CrossRef

Prognostic Significance of p27(kip1) Expression in Node Negative Colorectal Carcinoma.: Song, Sang Hyun , Bae, Byung Noe , Lee, Woo Yong , Yang, Keun Ho , Kim, Ki Hwan , Han, Se Hwan , Kim, Hong Ju , Kim, Young Duk , Kim, Hong Yong , Kim, Jung Yeon; J Korean Soc Coloproctol. 2007;23(1):34-40.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/jksc.2007.23.1.34

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Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
Dukes' A & B colorectal cancer patients are often excluded from adjuvant chemotherapy following potentially curative surgery because they are expected to have good long-term survival. However, actually 20 ~ 30% of these patients suffer from recurrent disease, so it would be helpful for these patients of recurrent disease to be able to select a high risk group.
METHODS
In 78 Dukes' A & B colorectal cancers, we investigated by immunohistochemistry the role of molecular markers, such as p27(kip1), p53, Ki-67, and Skp2, in identifying high-risk patients.
RESULTS
Patients with low p27(kip1) expression showed poor overall survival compared to those with high p27(kip1) expressions (55.3 versus 66.7 months, P=0.018). The only significant factor associated with p27(kip1) expression was p53 expression. The low p27(kip1) expression and positive p53 expression group had poor overall survival (54.3 months, P=0.036). CONCLISIONS: In a node-negative colorectal carcinoma, the molecular marker p27(kip1) does not play an independent prognostic role, but it may have prognostic significance in correlation with other markers such as p53, Ki-67, and Skp2. The assessment of molecular alterations may be useful to node-negative colorectal patients in identifying the high risk group that may benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy.

Clinical Significance of Lateral Resection Margin Involvement for Colon Cancer.: Lee, Nan Joo , Ha, Tae Geun , Shin, Jin Yong , Jeong, Su Jin , Hong, Kwan Hee; J Korean Soc Coloproctol. 2006;22(5):322-329.

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Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
The clinical significance of the lateral resection margin for rectal cancer has been widely investigated. The ascending and the descending colon do not have a peritoneal covering posteriorly. Therefore, colon cancers located on their posterior side can penetrate the entire bowel wall, which is similar to mesorectal invasion in rectal cancer. However, the prognostic significance of the retroperitoneal resection margin involvement is unknown. The aim of this study is to evaluate the prognostic significance of the lateral resection margin in ascending and descending colon cancer.
METHODS
A retrospective study was performed and involved 92 patients who had undergone a curative resection for right or left colon cancer with TNM stage II and III. The patients were assigned to either a lateral margin negative group (LMNG, n=73) or a lateral margin positive group (LMPG, n=19) according to the presence of a tumor or a metastatic lymph node within 1 mm of the lateral resection margin. The oncological outcomes of the LMPG were compared with those of the LMNG.
RESULTS
The LMPG was younger and had higher incidences of tumors positive vascular or neural invasion and advanced T and N stages. The overall recurrence rate of the LMPG was higher than that of the LMNG (36.8% versus 16.4%) and the cumulative survival rate of the LMPG was significantly lower than that of the LMNG (35.0% versus 76.2%). High preoperative CEA, lymphatic invasion, lateral margin involvement of the tumor, N2 in nodal status were significant factors in the univariate analysis for evaluation of the prognosis, but lateral margin involvement was not a significant factor in the multivariate analysis. In the lymph-node-positive group and the CEA non-elevation group, lateral margin involvement of the tumor was revealed as a prognostic factor.
CONCLUSIONS
Lateral margin involvement of ascending and descending colon cancer affects tumor recurrence and overall survival, but it is not a significant prognostic factor.

Expression of Survivin and Its Correlation with Prognosis in Colorectal Cancer.: Baek, Moo Jun , Lee, Eung Min , Kim, Chang Jin , Park, Nae Kyung , Shin, Eung Jin , Jang, Yong Seog , Kim, Jae Jun , Kim, Sung Yong , Lee, Moon Soo , Kim, Chang Ho , Song, Ok Pyung; J Korean Soc Coloproctol. 2006;22(2):125-131.

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Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
Survivin is involved in both the control of cell division and the inhibition of apoptosis. Specifically, its anti-apoptotic function is related to the ability to inhibit caspases directly or indirectly. This study examined the expression patterns of survivin in normal colorectal tissues and in colorectal cancer tissues to determine whether the expression of survivin is associated with either the colorectal cancer characteristics or the prognosis.
METHODS
4micrometer sections of the formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples of colorectal cancer tissues were the immunostained using antibodies for survivin. The immunostain was recorded as 0~3 depending on the stain intensity distribution in the cytoplasm and the nucleus.
RESULTS
Survivin was localized in the nucleus and/or cytoplasm of tumor cells. We could differentiate between cytoplasmic and nuclear localization of survivin protein expression. Among the cancer expressions, 35.8% demonstrated nuclear staining, and 51.9% demonstrated cytoplasm staining. Statistical analysis revealed that cytoplasmic survivin expression was correlated with lymph-node metastasis, tumor stage, and patient survival.
CONCLUSIONS
Survivin expression was correlated with clinicopathologic prognostic parameters and with the outcome. Thus, it can be both a useful diagnostic marker for colorectal carcinomas and an important source of prognostic information for patients with a colorectal carcinoma. Survivin will become a potential new target in anti-cancer therapy in near future.

Impact of the Number of Lymph Nodes Retrieved on Reliability of Nodal Staging of Stage II Colorectal Carcinomas.: Lee, Tae Mu , Choi, Hong Jo , Park, Ki Jae , Kim, Jung Min , Roh, Young Hoon , Roh, Mee Sook; J Korean Soc Coloproctol. 2005;21(3):167-173.

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Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
The variety of outcomes in patients with stage II colorectal carcinomas might be due to understaging caused by an inadequate number of lymph nodes (LNs) being examined. The aim of this study was to determine if any number of examined LNs reflects a reliable node-negative staging for colorectal carcinomas (CRCs).
METHODS
Data on 241 patients (132 males) who underwent potentially curative resections for pT3 and pT4 CRC were reviewed. The patients ranged in age from 21 to 87 (mean: 58.2) years with a median follow-up of 43 (range: 7~96) months. The relationship between the number of LNs harvested and both the 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) and the overall survival (OS) rates were assessed for stage II CRCs.
RESULTS
A median of 15 LNs (range: 3~104) was harvested per tumor specimen, and lymph-node metastases were present in 107 cases (44.4%). The proportion of lymph-node metastases increased as a function of the number of LNs harvested (P=0.0002; 95% confidence interval, 0.3333~0.8138). The number of LNs revealed to be the best number for dividing stage II patients into subgroups with different DFS and OS rates was ten. The 5-year DFS and OS rates of the 48 patients (35.8%) with nine or fewer LNs harvested were 68.6% and 76.8%, respectively, whereas those of the 86 patients (64.2%) with ten or more LNs harvested were 87.2% and 91.9%, respectively (DFS, P=0.0082; OS, P=0.0303). Moreover, there were no statistical differences between the node-negative patients with nine or fewer LNs harvested and the 67 stage III patients with N1 in respect to the DFS (68.6% vs. 56.7%; P= 0.2031) and the OS (76.8% vs. 68.3%; P=0.2772) rates.
CONCLUSIONS
This study suggests that examining a greater number of lymph nodes increases the likelihood of accurate nodal staging and that a minimum of ten LNs per surgical specimen should be harvested and examined to label a pT3 or pT4 CRC as node-negative.

Local Pelvic Recurrence after Curative Resection of the Rectal Cancer: Classification and Prognosis.: Park, Jea Kun , Kim, Nam Kyu , Baik, Seung Hyuk , Lee, Kang Young , Sohn, Seung Kook , Cho, Chang Hwan; J Korean Soc Coloproctol. 2005;21(2):82-88.

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Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
The management of local recurrence after curative surgery of the rectal cancer remains difficult clinical problems to surgeons. This study was performed to analyze the outcomes of patients with local pelvic recurrence according to its recurrence type.
METHODS
A total 109 patients with local recurrence were evaluated. Among the 109 patients 62 were local recurrence alone and 47 were both local and systemic recurrence. The recurrence type was classified as Central, Anterior, Posterior, Lateral and Perineal recurrence according to the relation of the tumor location and either intra pelvic organ and/or fixed pelvic structure.
RESULTS
Only 26 (23.9%) of the 109 patients had curative resection and the remaining 83 (76.1%) patients had palliative exploration or nonsurgical procedure. The resectability according to the recurrence type showed that the Central and Anterior type was higher than other type of recurrences (P=0.001). When the primary operation was Abdominoperineal Resection (APR) the resectability was poorer than Low Anterior Resection (LAR) (P=0.0001). When comparing the patients with local recurrence alone, the 5 year survival rate was significantly higher patients treated by curative resection than palliative or non-resection group (P=0.002). Mean follow up period was 44.2+/-30.0 months and mean recurrence time between primary operation and recurrence was 26.0+/-22.7 months.
CONCLUSIONS
Resection for central type of the recurrent is potentially curative, however treatment failure was common when the recurrence invaded fixed pelvic structure. Our data suggest that local pelvic recurrence should be treated with radical resection as can as possible.

The Characteristics and Prognosis of Patients with Obstructing Carcinoma of the Left Colon and Rectum: A Case-Control Study.: Lee, In Taek , Choi, Gyu Seog , Lee, Jong Ho; J Korean Soc Coloproctol. 2004;20(5):303-310.

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Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
Many reports have described significantly lower survival rates for patients with obstructing colorectal cancer than for patients with non-obstructing colorectal cancer. The aim of this retrospective study was to assess the long-term prognosis of patients with obstructing carcinomas of the left colon and rectum and to identify the clinical and pathologic characteristics that affect the prognosis.
METHODS
From June 1996 to October 2003, 46 patients with obstructing left colon and rectal cancer underwent curative surgery (case group), and from the patients with non- obstructing left colon and rectal cancer who had curative surgery, 48 patients with clinicopathologic characteristics similar to those of the case group were selected and matched as a control group. A comparative analysis of demographic, clinical, and pathologic characteristics, the recurrence rate, and the long-term survival rate between these two groups was done.
RESULTS
Emergency operations were done more frequently for obstructing cancer than for non-obstructing cancer (P=0.0001), and more patients with obstructing cancer presented to non-specialists (P=0.0001). The overall recurrence rate was significantly higher in obstructing cancer patients than in non-obstructing cancer patients. Further, the 5-year overall and the disease-free survival rates were significantly lower in obstructing cancer patients when examining either overall patient outcome or stage-III patients outcome.
CONCLUSIONS
The long-term prognosis of patients with obstructing carcinomas of the left colon and rectum is poor. We suggest that the poor general condition of patients with obstructing cancer, the increased number of emergency operations involving those patients, and more patients with obstructing cancer presenting to non-specialists may contribute to poor long-term prognosis for obstructing cancer patients.

Cyclooxygenase-2 Expression in Colorectal Cancer.: Kang, Won Kyung , Cheon, Joon Sung , Chang, Seh Jin , Cho, Hyun Min , Chun, Sung Won , An, Chang Hyeok , Oh, Seong Taek; J Korean Soc Coloproctol. 2004;20(2):112-117.

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Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
Cyclooxygenase (COX) is an important enzyme that transforms arachidonic acid into prostaglandins and exists as two types of isoenzyme, COX-1 and COX-2. Recently, the expression of COX-2 was presented as an important factor in determining the prognosis in colorectal cancer, and the expressed COX-2 was related with recurrence and liver metastasis after an operation for colorectal cancer. Thus this study was to investigate the relationship between COX-2 expression and the prognosis for colorectal cancer.
METHODS
We studied colorectal cancer patients who received operations at the Catholic University of Korea from Jan. 1993 through Dec. 2000, by reviewing their medical records and pathological reports. We used immunohistochemistry to determine the expression rate of COX-2 and to study its relationship with other clinical variables, the disease-free survival rat, and the recurrence rate.
RESULTS
Among the 217 cases, 171 cases (78.8%) showed positive COX-2 expression. The COX-2 expression increased with the differentiation and was lower in cases with lymph-node metastasis. However, no statistically significant difference in age, sex, location of lesion, invasiveness, stage, organ of metastasis, disease-free survival rate, and recurrence existed between patients with positive COX-2 expression and those with negative COX-2 expression.
CONCLUSIONS
There is no evidence that COX-2 expression is associated with a poor prognosis for colorectal cancer.

Characteristic Clinical Behaviors of and Prognosis for Mucinous Adenocarcinomas in the Colon and Rectum.: Yu, Yeun Sik , Kim, Hee Cheol , Park, Sang Jun , Yu, Jang Hak , Kim, Jung Sun , Lee, Gang Hong , Yu, Chang Sik , Kim, Jin Cheon; J Korean Soc Coloproctol. 2003;19(6):379-385.

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Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
The clinical significance of a mucinous-type colorectal adenocarcinoma is still controversial. Mucinous colorectal adenocarcinomas have been suggested to have distinct clinicopathologic features, i.e., early-onset, right-side dominancy, and poor prognosis. We aimed to verify the biological behaviors of and survivals for mucinous adenocarcinomas compared with non-mucinous adenocarcinomas.
METHODS
Using a database of colorectal cancers at Asan Medical Center between 1989 and 2000, we enrolled 121 mucinous adenocarcinoma and 2,289 non-mucinous adenocarcinoma patients in this study. Clinical, pathological characteristics of and prognoses for mucinous adenocarcinomas were analyzed and compared with those for non-mucinous adenocarcinomas, retrospectively. The median follow-up period was 24 (0~113) months for mucinous adenocarcinomas and 32 (0~130) months for non-mucinous adenocarcinoma.
RESULTS
Compared to non-mucinous adenocarcinomas, mucinous adenocarcinomas showed distinctive clinicopathologic features of early-onset (P<0.001), frequent family history (P<0.001), right-side dominancy (P=0.010), advanced stage at diagnosis (P<0.001), and common peritoneal seeding at diagnosis (P<0.001). The recurrence rate in the mucinous adenocarcinoma group was 45.2% during the follow-up period: 21.6% distant metastasis, 14.3% peritoneal dissemination, 5.7% local recurrence, and 3.6% simultaneous local recurrence and distant metastasis. The five-year survival rates in stages II and III were 70% and 48.7%, respectively, for mucinous adenocarcinomas and 92% and 50.2%, respectively, for non-mucinous adenocarcinomas. This difference was statistically significant.
CONCLUSIONS
Mucinous adenocarcinomas seem to have distinct biologic behaviors with different clinicopathologic features and poor prognosis. A surgical approach with a follow-up schedule considering the characteristics of mucinous adenocarcinomas is needed.

The Clinical Features and Charateristics of anal Cancer Arising from Chronic Fistula-in-ano.: Son, Byung Ho , Han, Won Kon , Kim, Heung Dae , Kim, Kwang Yun; J Korean Soc Coloproctol. 2002;18(6):373-378.

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Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
The incidence of unhealed chronic fistula is about 7% and the cancer can occur in the longstanding unhealed fistula. The most of the cancer is mucinous adenocarcinoma. The report is diverse about treatment, adjuvant chemotherapy and prognosis. The purpose of this study is review of the clinical characteristics and survival of the anal cancer arising from chronic fistula-in-ano.
METHODS
The number of patients was 10. The diagnosis is made under pathological examination at the Kanbuk Samsung Hospital from 1983 to 2000. The retrograde study was done with patients' records and telephone questionnaire. The survival rate was calculated with Kaplan-Meier method.
RESULTS
All patients were male. The patients had symptoms of anal discharge and anal swelling suggesting the anal fistula. The patients had history of anal surgery. The external openings were multiple. Seven patients had mucinous adenocarcinoma. The prognosis was poor. Among 8 patients' follow-up data, except one patient, 7 patients died within 43 months.
CONCLUSIONS
The anal cancer can occur in longstanding unhealed fistula. In our series, all patients were male, and they had multiple opening fistula. The patient who had small size tumor have only survived. Through meticulous exploring and deep biopsy of the fistula, early detection is best method to treat the anal cancer arising from chronic fistula-in-ano.

Case Report

Natural Killer (NK) Cell Lymphoma of the Cecum with Perforation:A case of report.: Kim, Ik Yong , Ju, Man Ki , Kim, Jong Seok , Jung, Soon Hee , Kim, Dae Sung , Rhoe, Byoung Seon; J Korean Soc Coloproctol. 2001;17(5):277-282.

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Abstract PDF: Natural Killer cell lymphoma pursued a highly aggressive clinical course, with the aggressiveness and poor prognosis in this biologically distinct primary gastrointestinal lymphoma, a more vigorous systemic therapy should be considered in the addition to surgery. We report an unusual case of aggressive primary Natural Killer cell (NK cell) lymphoma of the cecum. A 38-year old man admitted for intractable fever, diarrhea, and hematochezia. The patient diagnosed as primary NK cell cecal lymphoma with perforation after surgical resection. The primary lesion was deep ulceration with perforation and it revealed metastasis to liver. The immunophenotype of the tumor cell were CD56+, CD3+, UCHL-1+, CD45RO+, polyclonal IGH, TCRr, so confirmed NK cell type lymphoma.

Original Articles

Clinical Significance of CEA Level of Peripheral Vein, Inferior Mesenteric Vein, Bile, and Peritoneal Fluid in Sigmoid Colon and Rectal Cancer.: Lee, Ju Young , Kim, Cheong Yong , Kim, Jae Han , Park, Sang Heon , Park, Jung Hi , Byun, Joo Nam; J Korean Soc Coloproctol. 2000;16(4):239-245.

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Abstract PDF: Carcinoembriogenic antigen (CEA) was widely used as a marker for staging and detection of recurrence and metastases, and evaluation of response of radical opertion or chemotherapy in colorectal cancer patients.
METHODS
We examined 50 patients with sigmoid colon and rectal cancer patients who had a radical operation between 1994 May and 1995 April. We checked the level of CEA of peripheral blood preoperatively and postoperatively, and inferior mesenteric vein, bile of gall bladder and peritoneal fluid during surgery. We review clinical characters of the patients, and analyzed the importance of CEA level.
RESULTS
The mean CEA levels of peripheral blood (postoperation), inferior mesenteric vein, bile, peritoneal fluid were 5.35+/-2.65, 13.23+/-2.13, 9.23+/-1.65, 7.42+/-2.34 ng/ml respectlively. The mean CEA level of inferior mesentiric vein (13.23+/-2.13 ng/ml) was significantly higher than that of preoperative peripheral blood (8.13+/-2.34 ng/ml) (p<0.05). Falling of postoperative peripheral blood CEA level was also significantly lower than that of preoperative level (p<0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
Level of postoperative peripheral blood was related to recurrence rate and survival rate, but tumor size, tumor location, tumor differentiation, Dukes' stage were not related to the CEA level. Bile and peritoneal fluid CEA levels were related with the liver metastasis or local recurrence respectively. We suggest that CEA was useful indicator for evaluation, management, and prognosis of colorectal cancer not only preoperatively but also postoperatively.

Expression of Glucose Transporter Gene in Colorectal Cancer.: Lee, Suk Hwan , Park, Jae Hoon , Kim, Yoon Wha , Oh, Soo Myung , Yoon, Choong , Joo, Hoong Zae , Lee, Kee Hyung; J Korean Soc Coloproctol. 2000;16(2):57-66.

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Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
The primary metabolic characteristic of malignant cells is an increased uptake of glucose and its anaerobic glycolysis. Recent studies have demonstrated that facilitative glucose transport across the plasma membrane is mediated by a family of proteins, i.e., glucose transporters. PURPOSE: In order to evaluate the clinicopathologic correlations of glucose transporter genes expressed in colorectal cancer, the author studied the expression of glucose transporter genes in human colorectal cancer and analyzed their expression in normal and malignant colorectal tissues.
METHODS
A reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was applied to quantitatively determine the levels of the glucose transporter genes, GLUT1 and GLUT3, from Crohnes diseases (N=2), adenomatous polyps (N=4), and colorectal cancers (N=40) and their normal counterparts.
RESULTS
The expresssion of the GLUT1 gene was detected in 50% of the inflammatory colonic mucosae and adenomatous polyp tissues, but the levels of expression were not significantly different from their normal counterparts. Among the 40 colorectal cancer patients, 23 patients (57.5%) showed GLUT1 gene expression and the levels of expression were increaed by 1.8 as compared to their normal counterparts (p<0.05). The expression of the GLUT3 gene was detected in almost all tissues examined, and the levels of expression were not significantly different from their normal counterparts. In colorectal cancers, there was correlation between GLUT1 expression, the extent of lymph node involvement and the stage of colorectal cancers (p<0.05). But, the correlation between the expressions of the GLUT3 gene and the clinicopathologic prognostic factors of colorectal cancers could not be determined because almost all tissues showed a GLUT3 gene expression.
CONCLUSIONS
In conclusion, the GLUT1 glucose transporter expression in colorectal cancer was associated with high possibilities of lymph node metastases and poorer prognosis, and the assessment of GLUT1 expression in colorectal cancer would be useful in identifying high risk patients.

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