Annals of Coloproctology

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Colorectal cancer

Prognostic significance of carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) change during immediate postoperative periods in patients with stage I–III colorectal cancer: Wooram Choi, Yongjung Park, Jeonghyun Kang; Ann Coloproctol. 2025;41(5):400-408. Published online October 23, 2025; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2025.00528.0075

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material: Purpose
Although carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) may exhibit low sensitivity in tumor screening, its prognostic significance has been highlighted. This study assessed the significance of preoperative CA19-9 and early postoperative CA19-9 levels in patients with nonmetastatic colorectal cancer (CRC).
Methods
Patients diagnosed with stage I–III CRC between January 2004 and April 2014 were included. Preoperative CA19-9 was assessed within 2 months of operation, whereas postoperative CA19-9 was measured 4 to 7 days after operation. The optimal cutoff values for preoperative and postoperative CA19-9 were established to maximize the differences in overall survival. Patients were categorized into 3 groups based on the CA19-9 change (CA19-9 trend): group 1, low preoperative CA19-9; group 2, high preoperative and low postoperative CA19-9; and group 3, high preoperative and postoperative CA19-9. The discriminatory powers of all variables were compared using the concordance index.
Results
A total of 816 patients were included. The determined cutoff values for preoperative and postoperative CA19-9 were 18.9 and 21.4 U/mL, respectively. Subgroup dichotomization revealed associations of preoperative CA19-9, postoperative CA19-9, and CA19-9 trend with overall survival in univariable analysis. The CA19-9 trend emerged as an independent prognostic factor in the multivariable analysis (group 1 vs. group 2: hazard ratio, 1.682 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.043–2.710], P=0.032; group 1 vs. group 3: hazard ratio, 2.882 [95% CI, 1.899–4.371], P<0.001). The concordance index value of the CA19-9 trend (0.636; 95% CI, 0.509–0.682) surpassed those of preoperative and postoperative CA19-9.
Conclusion
The amalgamation of preoperative and postoperative CA19-9 levels demonstrated enhanced prognostic stratification, allowing for a more detailed classification of patients with nonmetastatic CRC.

Colorectal cancer

Long-term clinical outcomes after high and low ligations with lymph node dissection around the root of the inferior mesenteric artery in patients with rectal cancer: Min Wan Lee, Sung Sil Park, Kiho You, Dong Eun Lee, Dong Woon Lee, Sung Chan Park, Kyung Su Han, Dae Kyung Sohn, Chang Won Hong, Bun Kim, Byung Chang Kim, Hee Jin Chang, Dae Yong Kim, Jae Hwan Oh; Ann Coloproctol. 2024;40(1):62-73. Published online February 26, 2024; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2023.00094.0013

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Graphical Abstract Abstract PDF

Purpose
This study aimed to evaluate the long-term clinical outcomes based on the ligation level of the inferior mesenteric artery (IMA) in patients with rectal cancer.
Methods
This was a retrospective analysis of a prospectively collected database that included all patients who underwent elective low anterior resection for rectal cancer between January 2013 and December 2019. The clinical outcomes included oncological outcomes, postoperative complications, and functional outcomes. The oncological outcomes included overall survival (OS) and relapse-free survival (RFS). The functional outcomes, including defecatory and urogenital functions, were analyzed using the Fecal Incontinence Severity Index, International Prostate Symptom Score, and International Index of Erectile Function questionnaires.
Results
In total, 545 patients were included in the analysis. Of these, 244 patients underwent high ligation (HL), whereas 301 underwent low ligation (LL). The tumor size was larger in the HL group than in the LL group. The number of harvested lymph nodes (LNs) was higher in the HL group than in the LL group. There were no significant differences in complication rates and recurrence patterns between the groups. There were no significant differences in 5-year RFS and OS between the groups. Cox regression analysis revealed that the ligation level (HL vs. LL) was not a significant risk factor for oncological outcomes. Regarding functional outcomes, the LL group showed a significant recovery in defecatory function 1 year postoperatively compared with the HL group.
Conclusion
LL with LNs dissection around the root of the IMA might not affect the oncologic outcomes comparing to HL; however, it has minimal benefit for defecatory function.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Left colic artery–preserving radical rectal cancer surgery: a literature review
Xiyin Yang, Yuanshui Sun, Qiang Hu
Frontiers in Surgery.2026;[Epub] CrossRef
Meeting report on the 8th Asian Science Editors’ Conference and Workshop 2024
Eun Jung Park
Science Editing.2025; 12(1): 66. CrossRef
Early detection of anastomotic leakage in colon cancer surgery: the role of early warning score and C-reactive protein
Gyung Mo Son
Annals of Coloproctology.2024; 40(5): 415. CrossRef

Colorectal cancer

Partial mesorectal excision can be a primary option for middle rectal cancer: a propensity score–matched retrospective analysis: Ee Jin Kim, Chan Wook Kim, Jong Lyul Lee, Yong Sik Yoon, In Ja Park, Seok-Byung Lim, Chang Sik Yu, Jin Cheon Kim; Ann Coloproctol. 2024;40(3):253-267. Published online March 31, 2023; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2022.00689.0098

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Abstract PDF

Purpose
Although partial mesorectal excision (PME) and total mesorectal excision (TME) is primarily indicated for the upper and lower rectal cancer, respectively, few studies have evaluated whether PME or TME is more optimal for middle rectal cancer.
Methods
This study included 671 patients with middle and upper rectal cancer who underwent robot-assisted PME or TME. The 2 groups were optimized by propensity score matching of sex, age, clinical stage, tumor location, and neoadjuvant treatment.
Results
Complete mesorectal excision was achieved in 617 of 671 patients (92.0%), without showing a difference between the PME and TME groups. Local recurrence rate (5.3% vs. 4.3%, P>0.999) and systemic recurrence rate (8.5% vs. 16.0%, P=0.181) also did not differ between the 2 groups, in patients with middle and upper rectal cancer. The 5-year disease-free survival (81.4% vs. 74.0%, P=0.537) and overall survival (88.0% vs. 81.1%, P=0.847) also did not differ between the PME and TME groups, confined to middle rectal cancer. Moreover, 5-year recurrence and survival rates were not affected by distal resection margins of 2 cm (P=0.112) to 4 cm (P>0.999), regardless of pathological stages. Postoperative complication rate was higher in the TME than in the PME group (21.4% vs. 14.5%, P=0.027). Incontinence was independently associated with TME (odds ratio [OR], 2.009; 95% confidence interval, 1.015–3.975; P=0.045), along with older age (OR, 4.366, P<0.001) and prolonged operation time (OR, 2.196; P=0.500).
Conclusion
PME can be primarily recommended for patients with middle rectal cancer with lower margin of >5 cm from the anal verge.

Citations

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Review of definition and treatment of upper rectal cancer
Elias Karam, Fabien Fredon, Yassine Eid, Olivier Muller, Marie Besson, Nicolas Michot, Urs Giger-Pabst, Arnaud Alves, Mehdi Ouaissi
Surgical Oncology.2024; 57: 102145. CrossRef
Tumour-specific mesorectal excision for rectal cancer: Systematic review and meta-analysis of oncological and functional outcomes
Fabio Carbone, Wanda Petz, Simona Borin, Emilio Bertani, Stefano de Pascale, Maria Giulia Zampino, Uberto Fumagalli Romario
European Journal of Surgical Oncology.2023; 49(11): 107069. CrossRef

Colorectal cancer

Efficacy of preoperative chemoradiotherapy in patients with cT2N0 distal rectal cancer: Min Young Park, Chang Sik Yu, Tae Won Kim, Jong Hoon Kim, Jin-hong Park, Jong Lyul Lee, Yong Sik Yoon, In Ja Park, Seok-Byung Lim, Jin Cheon Kim; Ann Coloproctol. 2023;39(3):250-259. Published online April 4, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2022.00066.0009

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Graphical Abstract Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

Purpose
This study was designed to determine the feasibility of preoperative chemoradiotherapy (PCRT) in patients with clinical T2N0 distal rectal cancer.
Methods
Patients who underwent surgery for clinical T2N0 distal rectal cancer between January 2008 and December 2016 were included. Patients were divided into PCRT and non-PCRT groups. Non-PCRT patients underwent radical resection or local excision (LE) according to the surgeon’s decision, and PCRT patients underwent surgery according to the response to PCRT. Patients received 50.0 to 50.4 gray of preoperative radiotherapy with concurrent chemotherapy.
Results
Of 127 patients enrolled, 46 underwent PCRT and 81 did not. The mean distance of lesions from the anal verge was lower in the PCRT group (P=0.004). The most frequent operation was transanal excision and ultralow anterior resection in the PCRT and non-PCRT groups, respectively. Of the 46 patients who underwent PCRT, 21 (45.7%) achieved pathologic complete response, including 15 of the 24 (62.5%) who underwent LE. Rectal sparing rate was significantly higher in the PCRT group (11.1% vs. 52.2%, P<0.001). There were no significant differences in 3- and 5-year overall survival and recurrence-free survival regardless of PCRT or surgical procedures.
Conclusion
PCRT in clinical T2N0 distal rectal cancer patients increased the rectal sparing rate via LE and showed acceptable oncologic outcomes. PCRT may be a feasible therapeutic option to avoid abdominoperineal resection in clinical T2N0 distal rectal cancer.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Lymph node metastasis following chemoradiotherapy in advanced rectal cancer: ypT2-focused analyses of total mesorectal excision specimens
A. N. Singhi, T.-G. Lee, H.-M. Ahn, H.-R. Shin, M. J. Choi, M. H. Jo, H.-K. Oh, D.-W. Kim, S.-B. Kang
Techniques in Coloproctology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Is there a role for total neoadjuvant treatment in early-stage rectal cancer?
Kamil Erozkan, Metincan Erkaya, Jacob A. Miller, Ali Alipouriani, David Liska, Hermann Kessler, Scott R. Steele, Emre Gorgun
Langenbeck's Archives of Surgery.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Effects of clinical information on the treatment decisions for good responders to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy among rectal cancer patients
Eon Bin Kim, In Ja Park, Hwa Jung Kim, Jong Keon Jang, Seong Ho Park, Young Il Kim, Min Hyun Kim, Jong Lyul Lee, Chan Wook Kim, Yong Sik Yoon, Seok-Byung Lim, Chang Sik Yu
Annals of Coloproctology.2025; 41(5): 473. CrossRef
Performance reporting design in artificial intelligence studies using image-based TNM staging and prognostic parameters in rectal cancer: a systematic review
Minsung Kim, Taeyong Park, Bo Young Oh, Min Jeong Kim, Bum-Joo Cho, Il Tae Son
Annals of Coloproctology.2024; 40(1): 13. CrossRef
Comparative analysis of organ preservation attempt and radical surgery in clinical T2N0 mid to low rectal cancer
Hyeung-min Park, Jaram Lee, Soo Young Lee, Chang Hyun Kim, Hyeong Rok Kim
International Journal of Colorectal Disease.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Organ preservation for early rectal cancer using preoperative chemoradiotherapy
Gyung Mo Son
Annals of Coloproctology.2023; 39(3): 191. CrossRef
Unveiling the profound advantages of total neoadjuvant therapy in rectal cancer: a trailblazing exploration
Kyung Uk Jung, Hyung Ook Kim, Hungdai Kim, Donghyoun Lee, Chinock Cheong
Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research.2023; 105(6): 341. CrossRef

An investigation into tumor regression grade as a parameter for locally advanced rectal cancer and 5-year overall survival rate: Supparerk Laohawiriyakamol, Wongsakorn Chaochankit, Worawit Wanichsuwan, Kanet Kanjanapradit, Teeranan Laohawiriyakamol; Ann Coloproctol. 2023;39(1):59-70. Published online March 18, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2021.01011.0144

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Abstract PDF

Purpose
The standard treatment for locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) is neoadjuvant chemoradiation (nCRT) followed by surgery. Several parameters are associated with patient survival in LARC. One of these parameters is tumor regression grade (TRG); however, the significance of TRG remains controversial. In this study, we aimed to examine the correlations of TRG with 5-year overall (OS) and relapse-free survival (RFS) and identify other factors that influence the survival rates in LARC after nCRT followed by surgery.
Methods
This retrospective study included 104 patients diagnosed with LARC who underwent nCRT followed by surgery at Songklanagarind Hospital from January 2010 to December 2015. All patients received fluoropyrimidine-based chemotherapy at a total dose of 45.0 to 50.4 Gy in 25 daily fractions. Tumor response was evaluated using the 5-tier Mandard TRG classification. TRG was categorized into good (TRG 1–2) and poor (TRG 3–5) responses.
Results
TRG (classified by either the 5-tier classification system or the 2-group classification system) was not correlated with 5-year OS or RFS. The 5-year OS rates were 80.0%, 54.5%, 80.8%, and 67.4% in patients with TRG 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively (P=0.22). Poorly differentiated rectal cancer and systemic metastasis were associated with poor 5-year OS. Intraoperative tumor perforation, poor differentiation, and perineural invasion were correlated with inferior 5-year RFS.
Conclusion
TRG was probably not associated with either 5-year OS or RFS; however, poor differentiation and systemic metastasis were strongly associated with poor 5-year OS.

Citations

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Is Mandard tumor regression grade scoring sufficient for locally advanced rectal cancer?
Buket Şahin Çelik, Aslı Geçgel, Erdem Göker
Medical Science and Discovery.2025; 12(1): 1. CrossRef
Risk score model for predicting local control and survival in patients with rectal cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy
Tuba Kurt Catal, Günay Can, İsmai̇l Demi̇rel, Sefi̇ka Ergen, Di̇dem Öksüz
Oncology Letters.2025; 29(5): 1. CrossRef
Evaluation of pre-treatment F-18 FDG PET/CT according to Mandard classification in locally advanced rectal cancer patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy
Feray Aras, Murtaza Parvizi, Olcay Ak Nalbant, Volkan Ozkol, Engin Kut
BMC Cancer.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Prognostic Value of Mandard Tumor Regression Grade in Rectal Cancer: Association with Histopathological Parameters and Survival Following Neoadjuvant Therapy
Ömer Atmış, Hanife Seda Mavili
OSMANGAZİ JOURNAL OF MEDICINE.2025; 47(6): 975. CrossRef
Radiopathological Correlation in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer After Neoadjuvant Treatment
Mario Martín-Sánchez, Pedro Villarejo Campos, Víctor Domínguez-Prieto, Eva Ruiz-Hispán, Begoña López-Botet Zulueta, Carlos Pastor, Miguel León-Arellano, Héctor Guadalajara, Damián García-Olmo, Siyuan Qian-Zhang
Cancers.2025; 17(24): 3937. CrossRef
Performance reporting design in artificial intelligence studies using image-based TNM staging and prognostic parameters in rectal cancer: a systematic review
Minsung Kim, Taeyong Park, Bo Young Oh, Min Jeong Kim, Bum-Joo Cho, Il Tae Son
Annals of Coloproctology.2024; 40(1): 13. CrossRef
Risk-factors for locally advanced rectal cancer relapse after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy: A single center experience
Dragana Stupar, Saša Jungić, Zdenka Gojković, Jelena Berendika, Živojin Janičić
Medicine.2023; 102(44): e35519. CrossRef

Malignant disease, Rectal cancer,Prognosis,Biomarker & risk factor

Can pretreatment platelet-to-lymphocyte and neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratios predict long-term oncologic outcomes after preoperative chemoradiation followed by surgery for locally advanced rectal cancer?: Sang Hyun An, Ik Yong Kim; Ann Coloproctol. 2022;38(3):253-261. Published online March 7, 2022; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2021.00633.0090

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Abstract PDF

Purpose
Systemic inflammation is associated with various malignancies, including colorectal cancer, as possible prognostic predictors. We aimed to evaluate the correlation of pretreatment the platelet-to-lymphocyte (PLR) and the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte (NLR) ratio with long-term oncologic outcomes and pathologic complete response (pCR) in locally ad vanced rectal cancer patients who received neoadjuvant concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CRT) followed by curative resection.
Methods
Between October 1996 and December 2015, 168 rectal cancer patients treated with preoperative CRT followed by surgery were enrolled. The set cut-off/mean PLR and NLR were 170 and 2.8. We analyzed the relationship between PLR, NLR, and the 5-year overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), and pCR rate.
Results
The 5-year OS rates were 75.9% and 59.8% in the highand low-PLR groups. The 5-year DFS rates were 62.9% and 50.8% in the high- and low-PLR groups, with no significant difference. In addition, the 5-year OS rates were 75.7% and 58.4%, and the 5-year DFS rates were 62.5% and 50.0% in the high- and low-NLR groups, respectively, both without any significant difference. Multivariate analysis showed only pretreatment PLR as an independent prognostic factor for OS (hazard ratio, 1.850; 95% confidence interval, 1.041–3.287; P=0.036), and both serologic markers were not independent prognostic factors for 5-year DFS.
Conclusion
Neither PLR nor NLR was associated with 5-year DFS nor pCR to neoadjuvant CRT. Only pretreatment PLR can be used in predicting OS in locally advanced rectal cancer patients who received neoadjuvant CRT followed by curative resection.

Citations

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Development of clinical inflammatory models to predict the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and survival in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer: a retrospective study
Min Yang, Ruoyu Zhang, Yao Li, Fuhai Ma, Wenzhuo Jia, Tao Yu
International Journal of Colorectal Disease.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Correlation between neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio with prognosis in gastric cancer patients undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy: a meta-analysis
Shuang Yang, Zhuoyang Li, Tianhong Wang, Congcong Zou, Siman Wang, Shuang Deng, Yusi Hua
BMC Gastroenterology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Prognostic Value of Dynamic Changes in Immune-Inflammatory and Tumor Biomarkers Following Chemoradiotherapy in Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer
Mahmoud Al-Masri, Yasmin Safi, Mohammad Almasri, Ramiz Kardan, Daliana Mustafa, Osama Alayyan, Bilal Kahalah, Rama AlMasri
Cancers.2025; 17(20): 3383. CrossRef
Immunomarkers could predict overall survival and disease-free survival after neoadjuvant therapy and surgery due to locally advanced rectal cancer
Miguel A. Bonilla-Cozar, Anabel Garcia-Leon, Carlos J. Garcia-Sanchez, M. Luisa Reyes-Diaz, Irene Ramallo-Solis, Fernando De la Portilla, Javier Padillo, Rosa M. Jimenez-Rodriguez
Cirugía Española (English Edition).2025; 103(10): 800199. CrossRef
Prognostic value of platelet to lymphocyte ratio in patients with colorectal cancer undergoing chemotherapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Yanfang Li, Juan Zhou, Hui Luo, Shaohua Li, Yanru Shi, Di Chen, Xuehui Hu
Frontiers in Immunology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Immunomarkers could predict overall survival and disease-free survival after neoadjuvant therapy and surgery due to locally advanced rectal cancer
Miguel A. Bonilla-Cozar, Anabel Garcia-Leon, Carlos J. Garcia-Sanchez, M. Luisa Reyes-Diaz, Irene Ramallo-Solis, Fernando De la Portilla, Javier Padillo, Rosa M. Jimenez-Rodriguez
Cirugía Española.2025; 103(10): 800199. CrossRef
Prognostic value of the platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio in colorectal cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Hongmei Yu, Youfu He, Tingting Lv, Xiaofeng Lu, Yan Shu, Hongying Pan
BMC Gastroenterology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Effect of preoperative pan-immune-inflammation value on clinical and oncologic outcomes after colorectal cancer surgery: a retrospective study
Yun Ju Seo, Kyeong Eui Kim, Woon Kyung Jeong, Seong Kyu Baek, Sung Uk Bae
Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research.2024; 106(3): 169. CrossRef
Systemic Inflammatory Response Following Preoperative Chemoradiotherapy Can Affect Oncologic Outcomes in MSI-H/dMMR Rectal Cancer
Hyukjin Choi, Jin Ho Baek, An Na Seo, Su Yeon Park, Hye Jin Kim, Jun Seok Park, Gyu Seog Choi, Jong Gwang Kim, Byung Woog Kang
Chonnam Medical Journal.2024; 60(2): 105. CrossRef
Prognostic role of platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio in patients with rectal cancer undergoing resection: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Lijuan Ma, Fei Yang, Wentao Guo, Shufang Tang, Yarui Ling
Frontiers in Oncology.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Predictive and prognostic value of inflammatory markers in locally advanced rectal cancer (PILLAR) – A multicentric analysis by the Italian Association of Radiotherapy and Clinical Oncology (AIRO) Gastrointestinal Study Group
Giuditta Chiloiro, Angela Romano, Silvia Mariani, Gabriella Macchia, Diana Giannarelli, Luciana Caravatta, Pierfrancesco Franco, Luca Boldrini, Alessandra Arcelli, Almalina Bacigalupo, Liliana Belgioia, Antonella Fontana, Elisa Meldolesi, Giampaolo Montes
Clinical and Translational Radiation Oncology.2023; 39: 100579. CrossRef
Prognostic role of platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte, and lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio in operated rectal cancer patients: systematic review and meta-analysis
Giuseppe Portale, Patrizia Bartolotta, Danila Azzolina, Dario Gregori, Valentino Fiscon
Langenbeck's Archives of Surgery.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio predicts survival of patients with rectal cancer receiving neo-adjuvant chemoradiation followed by radical resection: a meta-analysis
Giuseppe Colloca, Antonella Venturino, Domenico Guarneri
Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy.2023; 23(4): 421. CrossRef
Prognostic prediction of colorectal cancer using the C-reactive protein to albumin ratio: the importance of inflammatory biomarkers and their association with long-term outcomes
Chul Seung Lee
Annals of Coloproctology.2023; 39(4): 287. CrossRef
Impact of Postoperative Naples Prognostic Score to Predict Survival in Patients with Stage II–III Colorectal Cancer
Su Hyeong Park, Hye Seung Woo, In Kyung Hong, Eun Jung Park
Cancers.2023; 15(20): 5098. CrossRef
Body composition parameters combined with blood biomarkers and magnetic resonance imaging predict responses to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced rectal cancer
Jianguo Yang, Qican Deng, Zhenzhou Chen, Yajun Chen, Zhongxue Fu
Frontiers in Oncology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Inflammatory Response Markers as Predictors of Colorectal Cancer Prognosis
Minsung Kim, Il Tae Son, Bo Young Oh
The Ewha Medical Journal.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
How Can We Improve the Tumor Response to Preoperative Chemoradiotherapy for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer?
Jeonghee Han
The Ewha Medical Journal.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy determines the prognostic impact of anastomotic leakage in advanced rectal cancer
Bo Young Oh, Yoon Ah Park, Jung Wook Huh, Yong Beom Cho, Seong Hyeon Yun, Hee Cheol Kim, Woo Yong Lee
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Study on the Relationship between NEUT, NLR, PLR and the Severity of Coronary Artery Disease in Patients with ACS
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Review

Malignant disease, Rectal cancer,Colorectal cancer

Extended lymphadenectomy in locally advanced rectal cancers: a systematic review: Balaji Mahendran, Supriya Balasubramanya, Simone Sebastiani, Sebastian Smolarek; Ann Coloproctol. 2022;38(1):3-12. Published online November 17, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2021.00703.0100

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Abstract PDF

Purpose
The surgical treatment of advanced low rectal cancer remains controversial. Extended lymphadenectomy (EL) is the preferred option in the East, especially in Japan, while neoadjuvant radiotherapy is the treatment of choice in the West. This review was undertaken to review available evidence supporting each of the therapies.
Methods
All studies looking at EL were included in this review. A comprehensive search was conducted as per PRISMA guidelines. Primary outcome was defined as 5-year overall survival, with secondary outcomes including 3-year overall survival, 3- and 5-year disease-free survival, length of operation, and number of complications.
Results
Thirty-one studies met the inclusion criteria. There was no significant publication bias. There was statistically significant difference in 5-year survival for patient who underwent EL (odds ratio, 1.34; 95 confidence interval, 0.09–0.5; P=0.006). There were no differences noted in secondary outcomes except for length of the operations.
Conclusion
There is evidence supporting EL in rectal cancer; however, it is difficult to interpret and not easily transferable to a Western population. Further research is necessary on this important topic.

Citations

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Extended pelvic lymphadenectomy and rectal cancer: An umbrella review
Valentina Villanova, Alessandro Martinino, Emilia Stanzani, Paola Pastena, Laura Lorenzon, Francesco Giovinazzo
Surgical Oncology.2025; 60: 102215. CrossRef
Non-invasive multi-phase CT artificial intelligence for predicting pre-treatment enlarged lymph node status in colorectal cancer: a prospective validation study
Kui Sun, Junwei Wang, Bingyan Wang, Ying Wang, Siyi Lu, Zhihan Jiang, Wei Fu, Xin Zhou
European Radiology.2025; 35(12): 7845. CrossRef
Clinical implications of radiologic criteria and prognostic factors for lateral lymph node metastasis in low rectal cancer
Gyung Mo Son
Annals of Coloproctology.2025; 41(6): 489. CrossRef
Cytoreductive surgery plus hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy versus R0 resection for resectable colorectal cancer with peritoneal metastases and low peritoneal cancer index scores: a collaborative observational study from Korea and Japan
Daichi Kitaguchi, Eun Jung Park, Seung Hyuk Baik, Shoma Sasaki, Yuichiro Tsukada, Masaaki Ito
International Journal of Surgery.2024; 110(1): 45. CrossRef
Performance reporting design in artificial intelligence studies using image-based TNM staging and prognostic parameters in rectal cancer: a systematic review
Minsung Kim, Taeyong Park, Bo Young Oh, Min Jeong Kim, Bum-Joo Cho, Il Tae Son
Annals of Coloproctology.2024; 40(1): 13. CrossRef
Rectal Cancer: Are 12 Lymph Nodes the Limit?
Paweł Mroczkowski, Łukasz Dziki, Tereza Vosikova, Ronny Otto, Anna Merecz-Sadowska, Radosław Zajdel, Karolina Zajdel, Hans Lippert, Olof Jannasch
Cancers.2023; 15(13): 3447. CrossRef
Fluorescence-guided colorectal surgery: applications, clinical results, and protocols
Jin-Min Jung, In Ja Park, Eun Jung Park, Gyung Mo Son
Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research.2023; 105(5): 252. CrossRef
Advances in the Treatment of Colorectal Cancer with Peritoneal Metastases: A Focus on Cytoreductive Surgery and Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy
Youngbae Jeon, Eun Jung Park
The Ewha Medical Journal.2023;[Epub] CrossRef

Original Articles

Malignant disease,Colorectal cancer,Prognosis,Epidemiology & etiology

Clinicopathologic characteristics and survival of patients with double primary malignancies: breast and colorectal cancer: Hyundo Lee, Hae Won Lee, Eun Jung Park, Jeonghyun Kang, Seung Hyuk Baik; Ann Coloproctol. 2022;38(3):197-206. Published online October 18, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2021.00640.0091

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

Purpose
This study aimed to investigate the clinicopathologic features and survival in patients with both breast cancer (BrC) and colorectal cancer (CRC).
Methods
Between 1996 and 2019, patients who were diagnosed with both BrC and CRC were evaluated retrospectively. Patients with distant metastasis, palliative resection, and previous cancer histories except for BrCs or CRCs were excluded. Altogether, 105 patients were divided into the B=C group (n=21), B-first group (n=40), and C-first group (n=44) according to the definition of synchronous and metachronous cancers. The clinicopathologic features and overall survival were evaluated.
Results
TNM stages and histologic types were comparable among the 3 groups (P=0.434). The interval of diagnosis was 67.1±40.4 and 59.3±47.2 months in the B- and C-first groups, respectively. The incidence of adjuvant chemotherapy in the B-first group was 57.5%, which was higher than the B=C and C-first groups (P<0.001). The estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, Ki-67, and HER-2 molecular markers were not significantly different among the groups. The overall survival of the B-first group showed lower survival rates than the C-first group (P=0.039). In the logistic regression, HER-2 status (hazard ratio [HR], 11.9; P=0.032) and lymph node metastasis of CRC (HR, 5.8; P=0.036) were prognostic factors affecting overall survival.
Conclusion
B-first group had poorer survival outcomes than the C-first group in patients with the metachronous BrC and CRC. HER2 positivity and CRC lymph node metastasis may be prognostic factors that affect overall survival in these patients. The findings support that a colorectal cancer screening program should be included during BrC surveillance.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Synchronous or metachronous breast and colorectal cancers in younger-than-average-age patients: a case series
Jordyn Silverstein, Francis Wright, Dalila Stanfield, Amy Jo Chien, Jasmine M Wong, John W Park, Amie Blanco, Katherine Van Loon, Chloe E Atreya
The Oncologist.2024; 29(9): e1159. CrossRef
Synchronous Breast and Colorectal Malignant Tumors—A Systematic Review
Cristian Iorga, Cristina Raluca Iorga, Alexandru Grigorescu, Iustinian Bengulescu, Traian Constantin, Victor Strambu
Life.2024; 14(8): 1008. CrossRef

Malignant disease,Rectal cancer, Prognosis and adjuvant therapy,Colorectal cancer

Effect of Adjuvant Chemotherapy on Elderly Stage II High-Risk Colorectal Cancer Patients: Yujin Lee, Inseok Park, Hyunjin Cho, Geumhee Gwak, Keunho Yang, Byung-Noe Bae; Ann Coloproctol. 2021;37(5):298-305. Published online July 6, 2021; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2020.00829.0118

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Abstract PDF

Purpose
Adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) is recommended for patients with stage II colorectal cancer with adverse features. However, the effect of adjuvant treatment in elderly patients with high-risk stage II colorectal cancer remains controversial. This study aimed to investigate the oncologic outcomes in elderly high-risk stage II colorectal cancer patients who underwent curative resection with or without AC.
Methods
Patients aged over 70 years having stage II colorectal adenocarcinoma with at least 1 adverse feature who underwent radical surgery between 2008 and 2017 at a single center were included. We compared recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) between patients who received more than 80% of the planned AC cycle (the AC+ group) and those who did not receive it (the AC− group).
Results
The AC+ and AC– group contained 46 patients and 50 patients, respectively. The log-rank test revealed no significant intergroup differences in RFS (P = 0.083) and OS (P = 0.122). In the subgroup of 27 patients with more than 2 adverse features, the AC+ group (n = 16) showed better RFS (P = 0.006) and OS (P = 0.025) than the AC− group. In this subgroup, AC was the only significant factor affecting RFS in the multivariate analysis (P = 0.023). AC was significantly associated with OS (P = 0.033) in the univariate analysis, but not in the multivariate analysis (P = 0.332).
Conclusion
Among elderly patients with stage II high-risk colorectal cancer, the AC+ group did not show better RFS or OS than the AC− group. However, selected patients with more than 2 adverse features might benefit from AC.

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Oncologic outcomes of multivisceral resection for locally advanced colorectal cancer: a single-center retrospective cohort study
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Complete Obstruction, a Real Risk Factor: A Comprehensive Study on Obstruction in Stage IIA Colon Cancer With Propensity Score Matching Analysis
Soo Young Oh, Chan Wook Kim, Seonok Kim, Min Hyun Kim, Young Il Kim, Jong Lyul Lee, Yong Sik Yoon, In Ja Park, Seok-Byung Lim, Chang Sik Yu
Clinical Colorectal Cancer.2024; 23(2): 135. CrossRef
Clinical implication of tissue carcinoembryonic antigen expression in association with serum carcinoembryonic antigen in colorectal cancer
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Jianbing Chen, Chengda Zhang, Yajuan Wu
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Takuki Yagyu, Manabu Yamamoto, Akimitsu Tanio, Kazushi Hara, Ken Sugezawa, Chihiro Uejima, Kyoichi Kihara, Shigeru Tatebe, Yasuro Kurisu, Shunsuke Shibata, Toshio Yamamoto, Hiroshi Nishie, Setsujo Shiota, Hiroaki Saito, Takuji Naka, Kenji Sugamura, Kuniyu
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Elderly High-Risk Stage II Colorectal Cancer Patients: Candidates for Improving Outcome?
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Malignant disease

Colorectal Cancer in Octogenarian and Nonagenarian Patients: Clinicopathological Features and Survivals: Soo Min Lee, Jun Sang Shin; Ann Coloproctol. 2020;36(5):323-329. Published online October 31, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2020.01.19.2

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20 Citations

Abstract PDF

Purpose
Elderly population will comprise a substantial proportion of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. We examined patients older than 80 years according to their clinical and pathological characteristics to fully understand the elderly patients.
Methods
CRC patients, 60 years or older at diagnosis, admitted between 2009 and 2014 at our hospital were enrolled. The patients were divided into 2 groups: elderly (aged > 80 years, n = 133), and controls (aged 60 to 79 years, n = 596). Patient’s demographics, risk factors for prognosis of CRC, Clinicopathological parameters, treatment, and survival rates were compared.
Results
The mean ages were 83.9 and 64.8 years, respectively. Male-to-female ratio and tumor sidedness were comparable in both groups. Prognostic factors found in univariate analysis; differentiation, stage, lymphovascular invasion, and carcinoembryonic antigen showed no statistical difference. The microsatellite instability status and number of retrieved lymph nodes were also similar (17.2 vs 21.6, P = 0.505). A significant difference was found in the treatment approach for chemotherapy as the elderly patients with stage III and IV tend to have omitted adjuvant (43.6% vs. 92.8%, P < 0.001) or palliative (35.8% vs. 89.4%, P = 0.016) chemotherapy. Except in stage I, elderly patients showed significantly lower overall survival rates.
Conclusion
Current study shows far-elderly patients with CRC were less likely to receive standard treatments, which might have resulted in an inferior outcome. As the number of elderly patients with CRC increase, our results provide a basis for further clinical and molecular investigations of elderly CRC patients.

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Surgical risk and cause of death among octogenarian and nonagenarian patients with colorectal cancer: a Japanese multicenter study
Shintaro Hashimoto, Takashi Nonaka, Tetsuro Tominaga, Toshio Shiraishi, Keisuke Noda, Rika Ono, Makoto Hisanaga, Hiroaki Takeshita, Hidetoshi Fukuoka, Kazuo To Fukuoka, Kenji Tanaka, Masaki Kunizaki, Terumitsu Sawai, Keitaro Matsumoto
Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology.2025; 55(4): 341. CrossRef
Characteristics, Treatment and Outcomes of Stage I to III Colorectal Cancer in Patients Aged over 80 Years Old
Melissa R. Yeo, Ioannis A. Voutsadakis
Cancers.2025; 17(2): 247. CrossRef
Characteristics, Therapeutic Approaches and Outcomes of Patients Older than 80 Years Old with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Compared with Younger Patients
Melissa R. Yeo, Ioannis A. Voutsadakis
Journal of Clinical Medicine.2025; 14(4): 1099. CrossRef
Oncologic outcomes of surgically treated colorectal cancer in octogenarians: a comparative study using inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW)
Soo Young Oh, Jung Yun Park, Kwan Mo Yang, Seong-A Jeong, Yong Jae Kwon, Yun Tae Jung, Chung Hyeun Ma, Keong Won Yun, Kwang Hyun Yoon, Jae Young Kwak, Chang Sik Yu
BMC Gastroenterology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Oncologic outcomes and associated factors of colon cancer patients aged 70 years and older
Byeo Lee Lim, In Ja Park, Jun-Soo Ro, Young Il Kim, Seok-Byung Lim, Chang Sik Yu
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Carina E. Riediger, Steffen Löck, Laura Frohneberg, Raphael Hoffmann, Christoph Kahlert, Jürgen Weitz
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In Ja Park
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Kyung Uk Jung, Hyung Ook Kim, Hungdai Kim
Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2022; 65(9): 549. CrossRef
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Kyung Uk Jung, Hyung Ook Kim, Hungdai Kim
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Chan Wook Kim
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Comprehensive Approach for Older Cancer Patients: New Challenge in an Aging Society
Do Young Lee, Jung-Myun Kwak
Annals of Coloproctology.2020; 36(5): 289. CrossRef

Malignant disease,Prognosis and adjuvant therapy,Colorectal cancer,Biomarker & risk factor

Prognostic Factor and Survival Benefit of Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Stage IIA Colon Cancer: Mok-Won Lee, Jin-Su Kim, Ji-Yeon Kim, Kyung-ha Lee; Ann Coloproctol. 2021;37(1):35-43. Published online September 18, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2020.09.03

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9 Citations

Abstract PDF

Purpose
There is no clear evidence of the benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) in stage IIA colon cancer. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate the prognostic factors and survival benefit of AC in this disease.
Methods
A retrospective data collection for patients who underwent radical surgery for colon cancer between January 2008 and December 2015 was undertaken. The cohort was divided into the no-AC and AC groups.
Results
We included 227 patients with stage IIA colon cancer in our study cohort, including 67 and 160 patients in the no-AC and AC groups, respectively. The number of retrieved lymph nodes and the presence of tumor complications as obstruction or perforation were independent risk factors for survival. In the no-AC group, there was a significant difference in survival according to the number of retrieved lymph nodes. In the AC group, there were significant differences in survival according to sidedness and preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). There was no significant difference in survival between the no-AC and the AC groups.
Conclusion
The number of retrieved lymph nodes and the presence of tumor complications were prognostic factors for stage IIA colon cancer but lymphovascular and perineural invasion were not. Sidedness and preoperative CEA could be used as factors to predict the benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy. Currently, it is believed that there is no benefit of AC for stage IIA colon cancer. Further studies are needed to determine the survival benefit of adjuvant chemotherapy in stage IIA colon cancer.

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Oncologic outcomes of multivisceral resection for locally advanced colorectal cancer: a single-center retrospective cohort study
Jaram Lee, Hyeung-min Park, Soo Young Lee, Chang Hyun Kim, Hyeong Rok Kim
BMC Surgery.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Can clinicopathologic high-risk features in T3N0 colon cancer be reliable prognostic factors?
Hyun Gu Lee, Young IL Kim, In Ja Park, Seok-Byung Lim, Chang Sik Yu
Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research.2023; 104(2): 109. CrossRef
Clinical Effectiveness of Fluorescence Lymph Node Mapping Using ICG for Laparoscopic Right Hemicolectomy: A Prospective Case–Control Study
Gyung Mo Son, Mi Sook Yun, In Young Lee, Sun Bin Im, Kyung Hee Kim, Su Bum Park, Tae Un Kim, Dong-Hoon Shin, Armaan M. Nazir, Gi Won Ha
Cancers.2023; 15(20): 4927. CrossRef
Impact of Postoperative Naples Prognostic Score to Predict Survival in Patients with Stage II–III Colorectal Cancer
Su Hyeong Park, Hye Seung Woo, In Kyung Hong, Eun Jung Park
Cancers.2023; 15(20): 5098. CrossRef
The Prognostic Reliability of Lymphovascular Invasion for Patients with T3N0 Colorectal Cancer in Adjuvant Chemotherapy Decision Making
Hayoung Lee, Seung-Yeon Yoo, In Ja Park, Seung-Mo Hong, Seok-Byung Lim, Chang Sik Yu, Jin Cheon Kim
Cancers.2022; 14(12): 2833. CrossRef
Molecular Analyses in Peritoneal Metastasis from Colorectal Cancer: A Review-An English Version
Chang Hyun Kim
Journal of the Anus, Rectum and Colon.2022; 6(4): 197. CrossRef
Adjuvant chemotherapy benefits on patients with elevated carcinoembryonic antigen in stage IIA colon cancer: a SEER-based analysis
Huabin Zhou, Songsheng Wang, Zhai Cai, Enming Qiu, Qianyun Chen, Xi Rao, Shuai Han, Zhou Li
International Journal of Colorectal Disease.2022; 37(12): 2481. CrossRef
Molecular analyses of peritoneal metastasis from colorectal cancer
Chang Hyun Kim
Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2022; 65(9): 586. CrossRef
Direction of diagnosis and treatment improvement in colorectal cancer
In Ja Park
Journal of the Korean Medical Association.2022; 65(9): 540. CrossRef

Malignant disease

Long-term Oncologic Outcome and Its Relevant Factors in Anal Cancer in Korea: A Nationwide Data Analysis: Hyuk Hur, Kyu-Won Jung, Byung-Woo Kim, Chang-Mo Oh, Young-Joo Won, Jae Hwan Oh, Nam Kyu Kim; Ann Coloproctol. 2020;36(1):35-40. Published online February 29, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2019.07.17

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

Purpose
Anal cancer is a rare disease in Korea, and thus survival analyses are limited by small sample sizes. This study used the Korea Central Cancer Registry (KCCR) for a survival analysis and for assessing characteristics of anal cancer in a large sample of Koreans.
Methods
From the KCCR, data on 3,615 patients who were diagnosed and treated for anal cancer from 1993 to 2015 were retrieved. Clinicopathologic variables including age, sex, histological type, and Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) stage were reviewed, and a survival analysis was performed according to these variables.
Results
The 5-year relative survival rate improved from 39.7% in 1993–1995 to 66.5% in 2011–2015. Squamous cell carcinoma was the most common and showed the highest survival rate. Males and older patients (≥40 years and ≥70 years) showed poor prognoses.
Conclusion
The survival rate for anal cancer in Korea has improved steadily over time. The characteristics related to survival were the histological type, sex, and age. These statistics will be fundamental for future Korean anal cancer research.

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Risk of Anorectal Cancer Associated with Benign Anal Inflammatory Diseases: A Retrospective Matched Cohort Study
Wonjeong Chae, Seung Yeon Kang, Sung-In Jang, Yoon Dae Han
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K. C. Wilson, M. P. Flood, D. Oh, N. Calvin, M. Michael, R. G. Ramsay, A. G. Heriot
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Jung-Myun Kwak
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Long-term Transanal Excision Outcomes in Patients With T1 Rectal Cancer: Comparative Analysis of Radical Resection: Yunghuyn Hwang, Yong Sik Yoon, Jun Woo Bong, Hye Yun Choi, In Ho Song, Jong Lyul Lee, Chan Wook Kim, In Ja Park, Seok-Byung Lim, Chang Sik Yu, Jin Cheon Kim; Ann Coloproctol. 2019;35(4):194-201. Published online August 31, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2018.10.18.2

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Abstract PDF

Purpose
Transanal excision (TAE) is an alternative surgical procedure for early rectal cancer. This study compared long-term TAE outcomes, in terms of survival and local recurrence (LR), with total mesorectal excision (TME) in patients with pathologically confirmed T1 rectal cancer.
Methods
T1 rectal adenocarcinoma patients who underwent surgery from 1990 to 2011 were retrospectively reviewed. Patients that were suspected to have preoperative lymph node metastasis were excluded. Demographics, recurrence, and survival were analyzed based on TAE and TME surgery.
Results
Of 268 individuals, 61 patients (26%) underwent TAE, which was characterized by proximity to the anus, submucosal invasion depth, and lesion infiltration, compared with TME patients (P < 0.001–0.033). During a median follow-up of 10.4 years, 12 patients had systemic and/or LR. Ten-year cancer-specific survival in the TAE and TME groups was not significantly different (98% vs. 100%). However, the 10-year LR rate in the TAE group was greater than that of TME group (10% vs. 0%, P < 0.001). Although 5 of the 6 TAE patients with LR underwent salvage surgery, one of the patients eventually died. The TAE surgical procedure (hazard ratio, 19.066; P = 0.007) was the only independent risk factor for LR.
Conclusion
Although long-term survival after TAE was comparable to that after TME, TAE had a greater recurrence risk than TME. Thus, TAE should only be considered as an alternative surgical option for early rectal cancer in selected patients.

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Review

Clinical Implications of Lymph Node Metastasis in Colorectal Cancer: Current Status and Future Perspectives: Hye Jin Kim, Gyu–Seog Choi; Ann Coloproctol. 2019;35(3):109-117. Published online June 30, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2019.06.12

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Abstract PDF

Lymph node metastasis is regarded as an indubitable prognostic factor for predicting disease recurrence and survival in patients with colorectal cancer. Lymph node status based on examination of a resected specimen is a key element of the current staging system and is also a crucial factor to determine use of adjuvant chemotherapy after surgical resection. However, the current tumor-node-metastasis (TNM) staging system only incorporates the number of metastatic lymph nodes in the N category. Numerous attempts have been made to supplement this simplified N staging including lymph node ratio, distribution of metastatic lymph nodes, tumor deposits, or extracapsular invasion. In addition, several attempts have been made to identify more specific prognostic factors in resected colorectal specimens than lymph node status. In this review, we will discuss controversies in lymph node staging and factors that may influence survival beyond lymph node status.

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Original Article

Oncologic Outcomes in Patients Who Undergo Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy and Total Mesorectal Excision for Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer: A 14-Year Experience in a Single Institution: Min Jung Kim, Seung-Yong Jeong, Ji Won Park, Seung-Bum Ryoo, Sang Sik Cho, Ki Young Lee, Kyu Joo Park; Ann Coloproctol. 2019;35(2):83-93. Published online April 30, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2019.04.22.1

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Abstract PDF

Purpose
This study evaluated the oncologic outcomes of locally advanced rectal cancer patients who underwent preoperative neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) followed by surgery and determined the prognostic significance of pathologic complete response (pCR).
Methods
Between January 2002 and December 2015, 580 patients with rectal cancer who underwent surgery after neoadjuvant CRT were identified. Survival according to tumor response to CRT and pathologic stage was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method, and the Cox proportional hazard model was used to identify factors associated with survival outcomes.
Results
A total of 111 patients (23.7%) achieved pCR while the other 469 patients showed residual disease. Patients with pCR had a lower pretreatment carcinoembryonic antigen level and earlier cT classification than those with residual disease. With a median follow-up of 78 months, disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) were significantly better in the pCR group than in the residual disease group. The 5-year DFS and 5-year OS for patients with ypStage 0, I, II, or III were 92.5%, 85.1%, 72.2%, 54.3% (P < 0.001) and 94.5%, 91.0%, 83.1%, 69.3%, respectively (P < 0.001). Pathologic AJCC stage after CRT was the most statistically significant independent predictor of OS (HR, 6.97 [95% confidence interval, 3.16–15.39] for stage III vs. stage 0) and DFS (HR, 7.30 [95% confidence interval, 3.63–14.67] for stage III vs. stage 0).
Conclusion
Rectal cancer patients who achieved pCR showed improved survival compared to those with residual disease after preoperative CRT. Moreover, pCR was an independent indicator of OS and DFS, and pathologic AJCC stage was correlated with survival after preoperative CRT.

Citations

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Review

How to Achieve a Higher Pathologic Complete Response in Patients With Locally Advanced Rectal Cancer Who Receive Preoperative Chemoradiation Therapy: Suk-Hwan Lee; Ann Coloproctol. 2019;35(1):3-8. Published online February 28, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2019.02.17

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Abstract PDF

The current standard of care for treating patients with locally advanced rectal cancer includes preoperative chemoradiation therapy (PCRT) followed by a total mesorectal excision and postoperative adjuvant chemotherapy. A subset of these patients has achieved a pathologic complete response (pCR) and they have shown improved disease-free and overall survival compared to non-pCR patients. Thus, many efforts have been made to achieve a higher pCR through PCRT. In this review, results from various ongoing and recently completed clinical trials that are being or have been conducted with an aim to improve tumor response by modifying therapy will be discussed.

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Original Articles

Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts and Desmoplastic Reactions Related to Cancer Invasiveness in Patients With Colorectal Cancer: Nari Shin, Gyung Mo Son, Dong-Hoon Shin, Myeong-Sook Kwon, Byung-Soo Park, Hyun-Sung Kim, Dongryeol Ryu, Chi-Dug Kang; Ann Coloproctol. 2019;35(1):36-46. Published online February 28, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2018.09.10

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Abstract PDF

Purpose
We evaluated the relationship of cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) and desmoplastic reactions with cancer invasiveness and long-term outcomes in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC).
Methods
Histologic evaluation of mature CAFs and desmoplasia was performed by observing the collagen fiber structure and fibroblast cytomorphology in the intratumoral stroma and invasive front of CRC tissues. Cancer-cell invasiveness was evaluated using lymphatic invasion, vascular invasion, perineural invasion, tumor budding, and tumor growth patterns. Overall survival and systemic recurrence were analyzed. A network analysis was performed between CAF maturation, desmoplastic reaction, and cancer invasiveness.
Results
The proportions of mature CAFs in the intratumoral stroma and the invasive front were 57.6% and 60.3%, respectively. Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) overexpression was significantly higher in the mature CAFs in the invasive front as compared to immature CAFs. Lymphatic invasion increased as the number of mature fibroblasts in the intratumoral stroma increased. Tumor budding was observed in almost half of both mature and immature stroma samples and occurred more frequently in infiltrating tumors. On network analysis, well-connected islands were identified that was associated with EGFR overexpression, CAF maturation, and infiltrating tumor growth patterns leading to tumor budding.
Conclusion
The maturity of CAFs and desmoplastic reactions were associated with cancer invasion. However, the cytomorphologic characteristics of CAFs were insufficient as an independent prognostic factor for patients with CRC.

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Does the Different Locations of Colon Cancer Affect the Oncologic Outcome? A Propensity-Score Matched Analysis: Kwan Mo Yang, In Ja Park, Jong Lyul Lee, Yong Sik Yoon, Chan Wook Kim, Seok-Byung Lim, Na Young Kim, Shinae Hong, Chang Sik Yu, Jin Cheon Kim; Ann Coloproctol. 2019;35(1):15-23. Published online February 28, 2019; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2018.07.25

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Abstract PDF

Purpose
We evaluate the prognostic value of primary tumor location for oncologic outcomes in patients with colon cancer (CC).
Methods
CC patients treated with curative surgery between 2009 and 2012 were classified into 2 groups: right-sided colon cancer (RCC) and left-sided colon cancer (LCC). Recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) were examined based on tumor stage. Propensity scores were created using eight variables (age, sex, T stage, N stage, histologic grade, presence of lymphovascular invasion/perineural invasion, and microsatellite instability status).
Results
Overall, 2,329 patients were identified. The 5-year RFSs for RCC and LCC patients were 89.7% and 88.4% (P = 0.328), respectively, and their 5-year OSs were 90.9% and 93.4% (P = 0.062). Multivariate survival analyses were carried out by using the Cox regression proportional hazard model. In the unadjusted analysis, a marginal increase in overall mortality was seen in RCC patients (hazard ratio [HR], 1.297; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.987–1.704, P = 0.062); however, after multivariable adjustment, similar OSs were observed in those patients (HR, 1.219; 95% CI, 0.91–1.633; P = 0.183). After propensity-score matching with a total of 1,560 patients, no significant difference was identified (P = 0.183). A slightly worse OS was seen for stage III RCC patients (HR, 1.561; 95% CI, 0.967–2.522; P = 0.068) than for stage III LCC patients. The 5-year OSs for patients with stage III RCC and stage III LCC were 85.5% and 90.5%, respectively (P = 0.133).
Conclusion
Although the results are inconclusive, tumor location tended to be associated with OS in CC patients with lymph node metastasis, but it was not related to oncologic outcome.

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Left colon as a novel high-risk factor for postoperative recurrence of stage II colon cancer
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Chemotherapeutic Response and Survival for Patients With an Anal Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Low Hemoglobin Levels: Ali Zain Naqvi, Esther Platt, Maki Jitsumura, Martyn Evans, Mark Coleman, Sebastian Smolarek; Ann Coloproctol. 2018;34(6):312-316. Published online December 31, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2017.10.12

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Abstract PDF

Purpose
Anemia is associated with poor treatment results for a variety of cancers. The effect of low hemoglobin levels on long-term outcomes after the treatment of patients with an anal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) remains unclear. For that reason, this study aimed to investigate the effect of anemia on treatment outcomes following chemoradiation for an anal SCC.
Methods
This was a retrospective study of all patients who underwent curative treatment for an anal SCC between 2009 and 2015 at 2 trusts in the United Kingdom. Data were collated from prospectively collected cancer databases and were cross-checked with operating-room records and records in the hospitals’ patient management systems.
Results
We identified 103 patients with a median age of 63 years (range, 36–84 years). The median overall survival was 39 months (range, 9–90 months), and the disease-free survival was 36 months (range, 2–90 months). During the follow-up period, 16.5% patients died and 13.6% patients developed recurrence. Twenty-two people were anemic prior to treatment, with a female preponderance (20 of 22). No differences in disease-free survival (P = 0.74) and overall survival (P = 0.12) were noted between patients with anemia and those with normal hemoglobin levels. On regression the analysis, the combination of anemia, the presence of a defunctioning colostomy, lymph-node involvement and higher tumor stage correlated with poor overall survival.
Conclusion
In this study, anemia did not influence disease-free survival or overall survival. We suggest that the interaction between anemia and survival is more complex than previously demonstrated and potentially reliant on other coexisting factors.

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Shivani Sud, Ashley A. Weiner, Andrew Z. Wang, Gaorav P. Gupta, Colette J. Shen
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Characteristics and Survival of Korean Patients With Colorectal Cancer Based on Data From the Korea Central Cancer Registry Data: Hyuk Hur, Chang-Mo Oh, Young-Joo Won, Jae Hwan Oh, Nam Kyu Kim; Ann Coloproctol. 2018;34(4):212-221. Published online August 31, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2018.08.02.1

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Abstract PDF

Purpose
The incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) in Korea has increased remarkably during the past few decades. The present study investigated the characteristics and survival of patients with CRC in Korea as a function of time, tumor distribution, stage, sex, and age.
Methods
We retrieved clinical data on 326,712 CRC patients diagnosed between 1996 and 2015 from the Korea Central Cancer Registry. The incidence and the 5-year relative survival rates were compared across time period, tumor distribution, stage, sex, and age group.
Results
The percentage of patients with colon cancer increased from 49.5% in 1996–2000 to 66.4% in 2011–2015 while the percentage of patients with rectal cancer decreased from 50.5% to 33.6%. The 5-year relative survival rates for all CRCs improved from 58.7% in 1996–2000 to 75.0% in 2011–2015. For 1996–2000, survival rates were highest for patients with left-sided colon cancers, followed by those with right-sided, transverse, rectal, rectosigmoid cancers. For 2011–2015, the survival rates for patients with left-sided cancers were highest, followed by those with rectosigmoid, rectal, transverse, and right-sided colon cancers. Patients with local and regional, but not distant, SEER (Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results) stage tumors experienced significantly increased survival rates for 2006–2010 and 2011–2015. The proportion of CRC patients by age decreased in the order ≥70, 60–69, 50–59, 40–49, ≤39 years whereas survival rates decreased in the order 50–59, 60–69, 40–49, ≤39, ≥70 years.
Conclusion
Korean CRC has some distinct characteristics and survival patterns in terms of tumor distribution, stage, sex, and age. With time, survival outcomes have improved for both local and regional, but not distant, stage tumors.

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Impact of Adjuvant Therapy Type on Survival in Stage II/III Rectal Cancer Without Preoperative Chemoradiation: A Korean Multicenter Retrospective Study: Byung Mo Kang, Jeong-Heum Baek, Sun Jin Park, Seong Kyu Baek, Ki-Jae Park, Hong-Jo Choi, Byung-Noe Bae, Sun Keun Choi, Kap Tae Kim, Jin-Su Kim, Suk-Hwan Lee; Ann Coloproctol. 2018;34(3):144-151. Published online June 30, 2018; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2017.09.26.1

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Abstract PDF

Purpose
This study compared the oncologic impact of postoperative chemotherapy and chemoradiotherapy on patients with rectal cancer without preoperative chemoradiation.
Methods
This retrospective study analyzed 713 patients with a mean follow-up of 58 months who had undergone radical resection for stage II/III rectal cancer without preoperative treatment in nine hospitals from January 2004 to December 2009. The study population was categorized a chemotherapy group (CG, n = 460) and a chemoradiotherapy group (CRG, n = 253). Five-year overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were analyzed, and independent factors predicting survival were identified.
Results
The patients in the CRG were significantly younger (P < 0.001) and had greater incidences of low rectal cancer (P < 0.001) and stage III disease (P < 0.001). Five-year OS (P = 0.024) and DFS (P = 0.012) were significantly higher in the CG for stage II disease; however, they were not significantly different for stage III disease. In the multivariate analysis, independent predictive factors were male sex, low rectal cancer and stage III disease for OS and male sex, abdominoperineal resection, stage III disease and tumor-positive circumferential margin for DFS. However, adjuvant therapy type did not independently affect OS (hazard ratio [HR], 1.243; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.794–1.945; P = 0.341) and DFS (HR, 1.091; 95% CI, 0.810–1.470; P = 0.566).
Conclusion
Adjuvant therapy type did not affect survival of stage II/III rectal cancer patients without neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy. These results suggest that adjuvant therapy can be chosen based on the patient’s condition and the policies of the surgeons and hospital facilities.

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Efficacies of radiotherapy in rectal cancer patients treated with total mesorectal excision or other types of surgery: an updated meta-analysis
Wenshu Wang, Runyuan Zhao, Xi Liang, Manjun Liu, Haiyan Bai, Jianli Ge, Binxi Yao, Zheng Zhi, Jianming He
Oncology Reviews.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Management and Outcomes of Pathologic Upstaging of Clinical Stage I Rectal Cancers: An Exploratory Analysis
Alisha Lussiez, Samantha J. Rivard, Kamren Hollingsworth, Sherif R.Z. Abdel-Misih, Philip S. Bauer, Katherine A. Hrebinko, Glen C. Balch, Lillias H. Maguire
Diseases of the Colon & Rectum.2023; 66(4): 543. CrossRef
The oncological outcomes of postoperative radiotherapy in patients with stage II and III upper rectal cancer
Ilknur ALSAN CETIN, Sıtkı Utku AKAY
Marmara Medical Journal.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Selection of Adjuvant Treatment Without Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy for Patients With Rectal Cancer: Room for Further Investigation
In Ja Park
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Is the Location of the Tumor Another Prognostic Factor for Patients With Colon Cancer?: Myung-Kyu Jung, Ui Sup Shin, Young-Jun Ki, Yong-Bae Kim, Sun-Mi Moon, Se-Jin Sung; Ann Coloproctol. 2017;33(6):210-218. Published online December 31, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2017.33.6.210

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Abstract PDF

Purpose

In this study, we investigated both the characteristics of right colon cancer (RTCC) in comparison with those of left colon cancer (LTCC) and the impact of the location of the colon cancer on the prognosis.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed the cases of 974 patients with nonmetastatic colon cancer who had undergone surgery with a curative intent from January 2001 to December 2011. RTCC was defined as a tumor located proximal to the splenic flexure. The characteristics of RTCC cancer were investigated by using descriptive analyses, and their impacts on the prognosis were assessed by using a Cox multivariate regression.

Results

Compared to LTCC, RTCC showed a female-dominant feature, and an undifferentiated pathology was more frequently observed. The number of lymph nodes retrieved from patients with RTCC was significantly higher than that retrieved from patients with LTCC. During 75 months of follow-up, peritoneal recurrence was more common in patients with RTCC than it was in patients with LTCC, and among the patients with stage III colon cancer, the disease-free and the overall survival rates were significantly worse in patients with RTCC. After adjustments with the other prognostic factors associated with colon cancer had been made, a tumor located at the right colon was found to be independently associated with poor prognosis.

Conclusion

RTCC showed unique clinicopathologic features and was associated with a poorer prognosis.

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Tuğçe Binen, Etem Akbaş, Tahsin Çolak, Tuba Kara, Aslıhan Bakır, Badel İnce
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Bediz Kurt İnci, Fatih Gürler, Osman Sütcüoğlu, Gözde Tahtacı, Aytuğ Üner, Ahmet Özet, Nazan Günel, Ozan Yazıcı
Indian Journal of Cancer.2024; 61(3): 440. CrossRef
Splenic flexure cancer survival: a 25‐year experience and implications for complete mesocolic excision (CME) and central vascular ligation (CVL)
Krishanth Naidu, Pierre H. Chapuis, Kilian G. M. Brown, Charles Chan, Matthew J. F. X. Rickard, Kheng‐Seong Ng
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Prognostic Significance of MRE11 Overexpression in Colorectal Cancer Patients
Vincent Ho, Liping Chung, Kate Wilkinson, Vivienne Lea, Stephanie H. Lim, Askar Abubakar, Weng Ng, Mark Lee, Tara L. Roberts, Wei Chua, Cheok Soon Lee
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The First Year After Colorectal Surgery in the Elderly: Verena N.N. Kornmann, Jeroen L.A. van Vugt, Anke B. Smits, Bert van Ramshorst, Djamila Boerma; Ann Coloproctol. 2017;33(4):134-138. Published online August 31, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2017.33.4.134

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Abstract PDF

Purpose

Surgery for colorectal malignancy is increasingly being performed in the elderly. Little is known about the impact of complications on late mortality. This study aimed to analyze whether a complicated postoperative course affects the 1-year survival in elderly patients.

Methods

All consecutive patients older than 75 years of age who underwent colorectal cancer surgery between January 2009 and April 2013 were included in this study. The main outcome was mortality at 1 year after surgery. Logistic regression analyses were performed to determine risk factors for a poor outcome (mortality) after survival of the early postoperative course of surgery at 1-year follow-up. Patients who died within 30 days postoperatively were excluded from analysis.

Results

The early mortality rate was 6.3% (n = 15), and 2 patients died during follow-up as a result of complications after a second surgery. A total of 223 patients survived the perioperative period and were included in this study. Twenty-two patients (9.9%) died during the first year of follow-up. Stage IV disease (P = 0.002), complications of primary surgery (P = 0.016), and comorbidity (P = 0.050) were risk factors for 1-year mortality. Intensive care unit stay, reoperation and readmission were not associated with a worse 1-year outcome.

Conclusion

Elderly patients with stage IV disease at the time of surgery, comorbidity, and postoperative complications are at risk for mortality during the first year after surgery. A patient-tailored approach with special attention to perioperative care should be considered in the elderly.

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Derek Mao, Therese Rey‐Conde, John B. North, Raymond P. Lancashire, Sanjeev Naidu, Terence Chua
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Factors associated with one-year mortality after curative surgery for primary clinical T4 and locally recurrent rectal cancer in elderly patients
Nikki C.M. van Ham, Sofie Glazemakers, Mirjam van der Ende-van Loon, Grard A.P. Nieuwenhuijzen, Harm J.T. Rutten, Jip L. Tolenaar, Anne Jacobs, Jacobus W.A. Burger, Stijn H.J. Ketelaers, Johanne G. Bloemen
European Journal of Surgical Oncology.2024; 50(6): 108259. CrossRef
Outcomes of Robot-Assisted Versus Laparoscopic Surgery for Colorectal Cancer in Adults Aged 75 Years and Older: A Propensity Score–Matched Analysis of the US Nationwide Inpatient Sample
Kuan-Chih Chung, Kuen-Lin Wu, Yu-Li Su, Kung-Chuan Cheng, Chien-En Tang, Ling-Chiao Song, Hong-Hwa Chen, Ko-Chao Lee
Diseases of the Colon & Rectum.2024; 67(9): 1121. CrossRef
Robot-assisted vs. laparoscopic right hemicolectomy in octogenarians and nonagenarians: an analysis of the US nationwide inpatient sample 2005–2018
Chien-Chang Lu, Chi-Tung Lu, Kai-Yen Chang, Wang Chun-Li, Chien-Ying Wu
Aging Clinical and Experimental Research.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Robotic surgery in elderly patients with colorectal cancer: Review of the current literature
Nan Zun Teo, James Chi Yong Ngu
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Andrea J. Cross, Pauline Kornfält, Jacqueline Lidin, Pamela Buchwald, Frank A. Frizelle, Timothy W. Eglinton
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M. Fahim, R. A. Visser, L. M. Dijksman, D. H. Biesma, P. G. Noordzij, A. B. Smits
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Marco Vacante, Erika Cristaldi, Francesco Basile, Antonio Maria Borzì, Antonio Biondi
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Nicola de'Angelis, Solafah Abdalla, Giorgio Bianchi, Riccardo Memeo, Cecile Charpy, Niccolo Petrucciani, Iradj Sobhani, Francesco Brunetti
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Eiji Hidaka, Chiyo Maeda, Kenta Nakahara, Kunihiko Wakamura, Yasuhiro Ishiyama, Shoji Shimada, Junichi Seki, Yojiro Takano, Sonoko Oae, Yuta Enami, Naruhiko Sawada, Fumio Ishida, Shin-ei Kudo
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Prognostic Significance of Mucinous Histologic Subtype on Oncologic Outcomes in Patients With Colorectal Cancer: Sare Hosseini, Ali Mohammad Bananzadeh, Roham Salek, Mohammad Zare-Bandamiri, Ali Taghizadeh Kermani, Mohammad Mohammadianpanah; Ann Coloproctol. 2017;33(2):57-63. Published online April 28, 2017; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2017.33.2.57

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Abstract PDF

Purpose

Mucinous adenocarcinomas account for about 10% of all colorectal cancers. This study aimed to investigate the prognostic impact of mucinous histologic subtype on oncologic outcomes in patients with colorectal cancer.

Methods

This retrospective study was performed at two large tertiary university hospitals. We analyzed the characteristics, prognostic factors, and survival of patients with colorectal cancer who were treated and followed up between 2000 and 2013.

Results

Totally, 144 of 1,268 patients with a colorectal adenocarcinoma (11.4%) had mucinous histologic subtype. Statistically significant results found in this research are as follows: Mucinous histologic subtype tended to present in younger patients and to have larger tumor size, higher histologic grade, higher node stage, larger number of positive nodes, and higher rate of perineural invasion compared to nonmucinous histologic subtype. On the univariate analysis, mucinous subtype was a prognostic factor for disease-free and overall survival. On the multivariate analysis, primary tumor location, node stage and lymphatic-vascular invasion were independent prognostic factors for the local control rate. Rectal tumor location, higher disease stage, tumor grade II, and presence of lymphatic-vascular invasion had negative influences on disease-free survival, as did rectal tumor location, higher disease stage and presence of lymphatic-vascular invasion on overall survival.

Conclusion

Mucinous histologic subtype was associated with some adverse pathologic features in patients with colorectal cancer; however, it was not an independent prognostic factor for oncologic outcome.

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Jane Nnanemere, Akinyele Oladimeji, Sarah Waseem, Ifelunwa M Osanakpo, Aminat D Lawal , Moses C Odoeke, Joshua T Green
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Mihaela Berar, Andra Ciocan, Emil Moiș, Luminița Furcea, Călin Popa, Răzvan Alexandru Ciocan, Florin Zaharie, Cosmin Puia, Nadim Al Hajjar, Cosmin Caraiani, Ioana Rusu, Florin Graur
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2025; 26(2): 432. CrossRef
Clinicopathological and prognostic features of colorectal mucinous adenocarcinomas: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Xiao Wang, Haoran Wang, Haoqing He, Kai Lv, Wenguang Yuan, Jingbo Chen, Hui Yang
BMC Cancer.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Multi gene mutation signatures in colorectal cancer patients: predict for the diagnosis, pathological classification, staging and prognosis
Yan Zhuang, Hailong Wang, Da Jiang, Ying Li, Lixia Feng, Caijuan Tian, Mingyu Pu, Xiaowei Wang, Jiangyan Zhang, Yuanjing Hu, Pengfei Liu
BMC Cancer.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Clinicopathological Features and Survival of Signet-Ring Cell Carcinoma and Mucinous Adenocarcinoma of Right Colon, Left Colon, and Rectum
Lili Zhu, Chunrun Ling, Tao Xu, Jinglin Zhang, Yujie Zhang, Yingjie Liu, Chao Fang, Lie Yang, Wen Zhuang, Rui Wang, Jie Ping, Mojin Wang
Pathology and Oncology Research.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Identification of Potential Biomarkers and Biological Pathways for Poor Clinical Outcome in Mucinous Colorectal Adenocarcinoma
Chang Woo Kim, Jae Myung Cha, Min Seob Kwak
Cancers.2021; 13(13): 3280. CrossRef
Clinical significance of mucinous component in colorectal adenocarcinoma: a propensity score-matched study
Chuanwang Yan, Hui Yang, Lili Chen, Ran Liu, Wei Shang, Wenguang Yuan, Fei Yang, Qing Sun, Lijian Xia
BMC Cancer.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Incidence and prognosis of pulmonary metastasis in colorectal cancer: a population-based study
Yizhi Ge, Shijun Lei, Bo Cai, Xiang Gao, Guobin Wang, Lin Wang, Zheng Wang
International Journal of Colorectal Disease.2020; 35(2): 223. CrossRef
Association between aberrant dynein cytoplasmic�1 light intermediate chain�1 expression levels, mucins and chemosensitivity in colorectal cancer
Chun‑Chao Chang, Kuo‑Ching Chao, Chi‑Jung Huang, Chih‑Sheng Hung, Yen‑Chieh Wang
Molecular Medicine Reports.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Clinical impact of non-predominant histopathological subtypes on the long-term prognosis of colorectal cancer patients in Japan
Heita Ozawa, Shinichi Yamauchi, Hiroki Nakanishi, Junichi Sakamoto, Shin Fujita, Kenichi Sugihara
International Journal of Colorectal Disease.2020; 35(12): 2257. CrossRef
Predictive Significance of Mucinous Histology on Pathologic Complete Response Rate Following Capecitabine-Based Neoadjuvant Chemoradiation in Rectal Cancer: a Comparative Study
Sare Hosseini, NamPhong Nguyen, Mohammad Mohammadianpanah, Sepideh Mirzaei, Ali Mohammad Bananzadeh
Journal of Gastrointestinal Cancer.2019; 50(4): 716. CrossRef
Impact of histological subtype on the prognosis of patients undergoing surgery for colon cancer
Fabio Bagante, Gaya Spolverato, Eliza Beal, Katiuscha Merath, Qinyu Chen, Ozgür Akgül, Robert A. Anders, Timothy M. Pawlik
Journal of Surgical Oncology.2018; 117(7): 1355. CrossRef
SCF/c-KIT Signaling Increased Mucin2 Production by Maintaining Atoh1 Expression in Mucinous Colorectal Adenocarcinoma
Ping Shen, Shu Yang, Haimei Sun, Guilan Li, Bo Wu, Fengqing Ji, Tingyi Sun, Deshan Zhou
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2018; 19(5): 1541. CrossRef
Mucinous Subtype in Patients With Colorectal Cancer
Hyung Jin Kim
Annals of Coloproctology.2017; 33(2): 44. CrossRef

Efficacy of Dose-Escalated Radiotherapy for Recurrent Colorectal Cancer: Sunmi Jo, Yunseon Choi, Sung-Kwang Park, Jin-Young Kim, Hyun Jung Kim, Yun-Han Lee, Won Yong Oh, Heunglae Cho, Ki Jung Ahn; Ann Coloproctol. 2016;32(2):66-72. Published online April 30, 2016; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2016.32.2.66

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Abstract PDF

Purpose

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of radiotherapy (RT) on progression-free survival (PFS) for patients with recurrent colorectal cancer.

Methods

We reviewed the records of 22 patients with recurrent colorectal cancer treated with RT between 2008 and 2014. The median radiation dose for recurrent disease was 57.6 Gy (range, 45–75.6 Gy). Patients were divided into 2 groups according to the type of RT: patients underwent RT without previous history of irradiation (n = 14) and those treated with secondary RT (reirradiation: n = 8) at the time of recurrence.

Results

The median follow-up period was 24.9 months (range, 4.5–66.6 months). Progression was observed in 14 patients (including 8 with loco-regional failure and 9 with distant metastases). Distant metastases were related to the RT dose (<70 Gy, P = 0.031). The 2-year loco-regional control (LRC), PFS, and overall survival (OS) rates were 74.6%, 45.1%, and 82.0%, respectively. The LRC rate was not different between the patients treated with RT for the first time and those treated with reirradiation (P = 0.101, 2-year LRC 79.5% vs. 41.7%). However, reirradiation was related to poor PFS (P = 0.022) and OS (P = 0.002). An escalated RT dose (≥70 Gy) was associated with a higher PFS (P = 0.014, 2-year PFS 63.5% vs. 20.8%).

Conclusion

Salvage RT for locally recurrent colorectal cancer can be offered when surgery is impossible. Dose-escalated RT shows a possible benefit in reducing the risk of progression.

Citations

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Carbon-ion Radiotherapy for Colorectal Cancer
Shigeru Yamada, Hirotoshi Takiyama, Yuka Isozaki, Makoto Shinoto, Hirokazu Makishima, Naoyoshi Yamamoto, Hiroshi Tsuji
Journal of the Anus, Rectum and Colon.2021; 5(2): 113. CrossRef
LncRNA TTN‐AS1/miR‐134‐5p/PAK3 axis regulates the radiosensitivity of human large intestine cancer cells through the P21 pathway and AKT/GSK‐3β/β‐catenin pathway
Zhenkui Zuo, Shuling Ji, Lulu He, Yage Zhang, Zining Peng, Jiarui Han
Cell Biology International.2020; 44(11): 2284. CrossRef
A Review on the Special Radiotherapy Techniques of Colorectal Cancer
Shing Yau Tam, Vincent W. C. Wu
Frontiers in Oncology.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
Comparison of overall survival and quality of life between patients undergoing anal reconstruction and patients undergoing traditional lower abdominal stoma after radical resection
P. Du, S.-Y. Wang, P.-F. Zheng, J. Mao, H. Hu, Z.-B. Cheng
Clinical and Translational Oncology.2019; 21(10): 1390. CrossRef
Prospective Observational Study of High-Dose Carbon-Ion Radiotherapy for Pelvic Recurrence of Rectal Cancer (GUNMA 0801)
Shintaro Shiba, Masahiko Okamoto, Hiroki Kiyohara, Tatsuya Ohno, Takuya Kaminuma, Takayuki Asao, Hitoshi Ojima, Ken Shirabe, Hiroyuki Kuwano, Takashi Nakano
Frontiers in Oncology.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
Effects of varying radiation dosages on MMP1 expression, and MMP1 knockdown on the viability and migration of SW620 cells
Fang Ju, Na Li, Wenming Wang, Haicheng Yuan
Molecular Medicine Reports.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
Dose-Escalated Radiotherapy for the Treatment of Patients With Recurrent Colorectal Cancer
Hyung Jin Kim, Seong Taek Oh
Annals of Coloproctology.2016; 32(2): 47. CrossRef

Prognostic Significance of Tissue Leptin Expression in Colorectal Cancer Patients: Woon Kyung Jeong, Seong Kyu Baek, Mi Kyung Kim, Sun Young Kwon, Hye Soon Kim; Ann Coloproctol. 2015;31(6):222-227. Published online December 31, 2015; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2015.31.6.222

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Abstract PDF

Purpose

Leptin is encoded by the ob gene and is involved in the control of food intake and energy expenditure. Recent studies have implicated leptin expression to be an indicator of tumor features and prognosis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association of tissue expression of leptin with the clinicopathological characteristics and clinical outcomes in colorectal cancer patients.

Methods

Patients who had undergone a curative surgical resection for a colorectal adenocarcinoma from 2000 to 2004 were included in the study. Immunohistochemical analyses of leptin expression were performed, and clinicopathological parameters were evaluated.

Results

Clinical data and tumor tissues of 146 patients were evaluated. The mean age was 68.6 ± 11.3 years, and 61.0% were men. Immunohistochemically, the rates of negative, weak, moderate, and strong leptin expression were 2.7% (4 of 146), 5.5% (8 of 146), 43.2% (63 of 146), and 48.6% (71 of 146), respectively. We compared the negative, weak, and moderate expression group (group A) with the strong expression group (group B). Leptin expression was inversely associated with nodal stage (P = 0.007) between the two groups. Leptin expression was not significantly associated with differentiation (P = 0.37), T stage (P = 0.16), and American Joint Committee on Cancer stage (P = 0.49), and no significant differences in the disease-free and the overall survivals (P = 0.78 and P = 0.61) were observed.

Conclusion

Results demonstrated an inverse association of nodal stage with high leptin expression. Higher leptin expression level might predict better oncologic outcome. However, further studies are warranted to identify the exact role of leptin expression in colorectal cancer.

Citations

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Leptin in colorectal cancer: literature review
Dhouha Bacha, Khouloud Ayed, Rahma Boughriba, Rym Akrout, Marwa Weslati, Asma Gati
Hormone Molecular Biology and Clinical Investigation.2025; 46(3): 103. CrossRef
CORRELATION OF LEPTIN AND ADIPONECTIN RECEPTOR EXPRESSION WITH CLINICOPATHOLOGICAL PARAMETERS IN COLORECTAL CARCINOMA - A CROSS-SECTIONAL PROSPECTIVE STUDY
Priyanka PARMESH, Udupi Shastri DINESH, Ajay S KHANDAGALE, Anil Bargale BAPU, Roshni SADASHIV, Pradnya REDDY
Arquivos de Gastroenterologia.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
The Effect of Serum Leptin Concentration and Leptin Receptor Expression on Colorectal Cancer
Sylwia Chludzińska-Kasperuk, Jolanta Lewko, Regina Sierżantowicz, Elżbieta Krajewska-Kułak, Joanna Reszeć-Giełażyn
International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health.2023; 20(6): 4951. CrossRef
Decoding the role of leptin and adiponectin in obesity-related gastrointestinal cancer
Vanda Marques, Fabiola Arella, Marta B. Afonso, André A. Santos, Cecília M.P. Rodrigues
Clinical Science.2023; 137(15): 1095. CrossRef
Effects of conjugated linoleic acid supplementation on serum leptin levels, oxidative stress factors and tumor marker in rectal cancer patients undergoing preoperative chemoradiotherapy
Elnaz Faramarzi, Mohammad Mohammadzadeh, Sarvin Sanaie, Vibeke Andersen, Reza Mahdavi
Mediterranean Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism.2021; 14(3): 245. CrossRef
Leptin expression is substantially correlated with prognosis of urinary bladder carcinoma
Mohamad Nidal Khabaz, Imtiaz Ahmad Qureshi, Jaudah Ahmad Al-Maghrabi
Libyan Journal of Medicine.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Leptin Overexpression as a Poor Prognostic Factor for Colorectal Cancer
Chunxiang Li, Jichuan Quan, Ran Wei, Zhixun Zhao, Xu Guan, Zheng Liu, Shuangmei Zou, Xishan Wang, Zheng Jiang, Jialiang Yang
BioMed Research International.2020;[Epub] CrossRef
Adipocytokines: Are they the Theory of Everything?
Pierre S. Maximus, Zeina Al Achkar, Pousette F. Hamid, Syeda S. Hasnain, Cesar A. Peralta
Cytokine.2020; 133: 155144. CrossRef
The prognostic and therapeutic role of hormones in colorectal cancer: a review
Stella Nikolaou, Shengyang Qiu, Francesca Fiorentino, Shahnawaz Rasheed, Paris Tekkis, Christos Kontovounisios
Molecular Biology Reports.2019; 46(1): 1477. CrossRef
Expression of leptin and leptin receptors in colorectal cancer—an immunohistochemical study
Saad M. Al-Shibli, Norra Harun, Abdelkader E. Ashour, Mohd Hanif B. Mohd Kasmuri, Shaikh Mizan
PeerJ.2019; 7: e7624. CrossRef
Expression of leptin in colorectal adenocarcinoma showed significant different survival patterns associated with tumor size, lymphovascular invasion, distant metastasis, local recurrence, and relapse of disease in the western province of Saudi Arabia
Jaudah Ahmed Al-Maghrabi, Imtiaz Ahmad Qureshi, Mohamad Nidal Khabaz
Medicine.2018; 97(34): e12052. CrossRef
Obesity-Related Colorectal Cancer: The Role of Leptin
Hyeong Rok Kim
Annals of Coloproctology.2015; 31(6): 209. CrossRef

Role of Peritoneal Lavage Cytology and Prediction of Prognosis and Peritoneal Recurrence After Curative Surgery for Colorectal Cancer: Sung Joon Bae, Ui Sup Shin, Young-Jun Ki, Sang Sik Cho, Sun Mi Moon, Sun Hoo Park; Ann Coloproctol. 2014;30(6):266-273. Published online December 31, 2014; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2014.30.6.266

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Abstract PDF

Purpose

In colorectal cancer, the role of detecting free malignant cells from peritoneal lavage is currently unclear. In this study, we investigated the positive rate of free malignant cells in peritoneal lavage fluid and their predictive value for prognosis and peritoneal recurrence after a curative resection.

Methods

From October 2009 to December 2011, in a prospective manner, we performed cytologic examinations of peritoneal lavage fluid obtained just after the abdominal incision from 145 patients who underwent curative surgery for colorectal cancer. We used proportional hazard regression models to analyze the predictive role of positive cytology for peritoneal recurrence and survival.

Results

Among total 145 patients, six patients (4.1%) showed positive cytology. During the median follow-up of 32 months (range, 8-49 months), 27 patients (18.6%) developed recurrence. Among them, 5 patients (3.4%) showed peritoneal carcinomatosis. In the multivariate analysis, positive cytology was an independent predictive factor for peritoneal recurrence (hazard ratio [HR], 136.5; 95% confidence interval [CI], 12.2-1,531.9; P < 0.0001) and an independent poor prognostic factor for overall survival (HR, 11.4; 95% CI, 1.8-72.0; P = 0.009) and for disease-free survival (HR, 11.1; 95% CI, 3.4-35.8; P < 0.0001).

Conclusion

Positive cytology of peritoneal fluid was significantly associated with peritoneal recurrence and worse survival in patients undergoing curative surgery for colorectal cancer. Peritoneal cytology might be a useful tool for selecting patients who need intraperitoneal or systemic chemotherapy.

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Intraoperative flow cytometry in detecting free carcinoma cells in peritoneal lavage fluid of gastric carcinoma cases
Thulasi Raman Ramalingam, Bharaneedharan Marimuthu, Harsha N. Rasheed, Archana Lakshmanan, Swetha Lakshmi Narla, Lakshman Vaidhyanathan, Ajit Pai
Cytometry Part B: Clinical Cytometry.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Peritoneal Lavage Cytology Predicts Peritoneal Metastasis and is Associated with Poor Prognosis in Patients with Stage II–III Colorectal Cancer
Dewei Kong, Yingjie Li, Shenyi Yin, Yunfei Tan, Boyang Qu, Lei Huang, Jianzhong Jeff Xi, Aiwen Wu
Annals of Surgical Oncology.2025; 32(13): 9712. CrossRef
Risk Factors for Positive Peritoneal Lavage Cytology in Stage I to III Colon Cancer: A Prospective Observational Study
Radha Raman Mondal, Subrata Sahu, Sudip Haldar, Samir Bhattacharyya, Arnab Gupta
Indian Journal of Surgical Oncology.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Development and validation of a nomogram to predict overall survival in patients with incidental gallbladder cancer: A retrospective cohort study
Zhi-Hua Xie, Xuebing Shi, Ming-Qi Liu, Jinghan Wang, Yong Yu, Ji-Xiang Zhang, Kai-Jian Chu, Wei Li, Rui-Liang Ge, Qing-Bao Cheng, Xiao-Qing Jiang
Frontiers in Oncology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Effect of Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy with Regorafenib on IL-6 and TNF-α Levels and Peritoneal Cytology: Experimental Study in Rats with Colorectal Peritoneal Carcinomatosis
Stefanos Bitsianis, Ioannis Mantzoros, Elissavet Anestiadou, Panagiotis Christidis, Christos Chatzakis, Konstantinos Zapsalis, Savvas Symeonidis, Georgios Ntampakis, Kalliopi Domvri, Anastasia Tsakona, Chryssa Bekiari, Orestis Ioannidis, Stamatios Aggelop
Journal of Clinical Medicine.2023; 12(23): 7267. CrossRef
Conventional peritoneal cytology lacks the prognostic significance of detecting local or peritoneal recurrence in colorectal cancer: An Egyptian experience
Mohamed Shalaby, Tarek S El Baradie, Mohamed Salama, Hebat A M Shaaban, Rasha M Allam, Ehab O.A. Hafiz, Mohamed Aly Abdelhamed, Amr Attia
JGH Open.2021; 5(2): 264. CrossRef
Interleukin 10 level in the peritoneal cavity is a prognostic marker for peritoneal recurrence of T4 colorectal cancer
Seung-Yong Jeong, Byeong Geon Jeon, Ji-Eun Kim, Rumi Shin, Hye Seong Ahn, Heejin Jin, Seung Chul Heo
Scientific Reports.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Risk factors for developing peritoneal metastases after curative surgery for colorectal cancer: A systematic review and meta‐analysis
Yuanxin Zhang, Xiusen Qin, Wenle Chen, Duo Liu, Jian Luo, Huaiming Wang, Hui Wang
Colorectal Disease.2021; 23(11): 2846. CrossRef
Treatment for Peritoneal Metastasis of Patients With Colorectal Cancer
Young Jin Kim, Chang Hyun Kim
Annals of Coloproctology.2021; 37(6): 425. CrossRef
Pathophysiology of colorectal peritoneal carcinomatosis: Role of the peritoneum
Lieselotte Lemoine, Paul Sugarbaker, Kurt Van der Speeten
World Journal of Gastroenterology.2016; 22(34): 7692. CrossRef
The preoperative platelet to lymphocyte ratio is a prognostic marker in patients with stage II colorectal cancer
Tsuyoshi Ozawa, Soichiro Ishihara, Takeshi Nishikawa, Toshiaki Tanaka, Junichiro Tanaka, Tomomichi Kiyomatsu, Keisuke Hata, Kazushige Kawai, Hiroaki Nozawa, Shinsuke Kazama, Hironori Yamaguchi, Eiji Sunami, Joji Kitayama, Toshiaki Watanabe
International Journal of Colorectal Disease.2015; 30(9): 1165. CrossRef
Intraoperative Peritoneal Lavage: Limitations of Current Evidence for Clinical Implementation
Duck-Woo Kim
Annals of Coloproctology.2014; 30(6): 248. CrossRef

Characteristics and Survival of Korean Anal Cancer From the Korea Central Cancer Registry Data: Hyoung-Chul Park, Kyu-Won Jung, Byung-Woo Kim, Aesun Shin, Young-Joo Won, Jae Hwan Oh, Seung-Yong Jeong, Chang Sik Yu, Bong Hwa Lee; Ann Coloproctol. 2013;29(5):182-185. Published online October 31, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2013.29.5.182

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Abstract PDF

Purpose

In Korea, anal cancer is rare disease entity with specific clinical characteristics. Therefore, no survival analysis with a sufficient patient population has been performed. The aim of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of Korean anal cancer, focusing on the survival according to tumor histologies, sex, and a specific age group, using the nationwide cancer registry.

Methods

Using the Korea Central Cancer Registry, we analyzed a total of 2,552 cases from 1993 to 2010. We assessed the 5-year relative survival by using tumor histology. In addition, survival differences of Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) stage were analyzed for both sexes and for young-age cancer (younger than 40 years) and advanced-age cancer (older than 70 years).

Results

The 5-year relative survival among anal cancer patients increased from 38.9% for the period 1993-1995 to 65.6% for the period 2006-2010. The anal squamous cell carcinoma was the most common histology and showed better survival than other types of cancer. Females demonstrated better survival than males in all SEER stages. The 5-year survivals for patients in whom anal cancer developed before the age of 40 and at or after the age of 40 were 62.4% and 51.6%, respectively. The 5-year survival for patients in whom cancer developed at or after the age of 70 was much worse than that for patients in whom the cancer had developed prior to that age.

Conclusion

Korean anal cancer has certain distinctive characteristics of survival according to tumor histology, sex, and age. Despite limitations on available data, this study used the nationwide database to provide important information on the survival of Korean patients with anal cancer.

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Evaluating cost-effectiveness of 9-valent HPV vaccination for men who have sex with men by HIV status in Hong Kong
Dijing You, Jianchao Quan, David Bishai, Wendy Wing Tak Lam, Karen Ann Grépin, Linda Chan, Diana Dan Wu, David Ka Ki Wong, William Chi Wai Wong, Jiandong Zhou
Vaccine.2025; 63: 127625. CrossRef
Post-marketing surveillance study of the safety of the HPV-16/18 vaccine in Korea (2017–2021)
Byung-Wook Eun, Enas Bahar, Stebin Xavier, Hyungwoo Kim, Dorota Borys
Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Long-term Oncologic Outcome and Its Relevant Factors in Anal Cancer in Korea: A Nationwide Data Analysis
Hyuk Hur, Kyu-Won Jung, Byung-Woo Kim, Chang-Mo Oh, Young-Joo Won, Jae Hwan Oh, Nam Kyu Kim
Annals of Coloproctology.2020; 36(1): 35. CrossRef
Burden of Human papillomavirus (HPV)-related disease and potential impact of HPV vaccines in the Republic of Korea
Young-Tak Kim, Beatriz Serrano, Jae-Kwan Lee, Hyunju Lee, Shin-Wha Lee, Crystal Freeman, Jin-Kyoung Oh, Laia Alemany, Francesc-Xavier Bosch, Laia Bruni
Papillomavirus Research.2019; 7: 26. CrossRef
Oncologic outcomes of squamous cell carcinoma of the anal canal after chemoradiation therapy
Dae Ro Lim, Hyuk Hur, Byung Soh Min, Seung Hyuk Baik, Kang Young Lee, Nam Kyu Kim
Korean Journal of Clinical Oncology.2016; 12(1): 41. CrossRef
Trends and Analysis of Cancer Incidence for Common Male and Female Cancers in the Population of Punjab Province of Pakistan during 1984 to 2014
Khalid Masood, Andleeb Masood, Junaid Zafar, Abubaker Shahid, Mujahid Kamran, Sohail Murad, Misbah Masood, Zafar Alluddin, Masooma Riaz, Naseem Akhter, Munir Ahmad, Fayyaz Ahmad, Javaid Akhtar, Muhammad Naeem
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention.2015; 16(13): 5297. CrossRef
Reply on "Characteristics and Survival of Korean Anal Cancer From the Korea Central Cancer Registry Data"
Hyoung-Chul Park, Bong Hwa Lee
Annals of Coloproctology.2014; 30(1): 56. CrossRef
Patterns and Trends with Cancer Incidence and Mortality Rates Reported by the China National Cancer Registry
Peng-Lai Chen, Ting Zhao, Rui Feng, Jing Chai, Gui-Xian Tong, De-Bin Wang
Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention.2014; 15(15): 6327. CrossRef
Commentary on "Characteristics and Survival of Korean Anal Cancer From the Korea Central Cancer Registry Data"
Mohammad Mohammadianpanah
Annals of Coloproctology.2014; 30(1): 54. CrossRef
Anal Cancer Study Based on Korea Central Cancer Registry Data: One Step Forward in Clinical Research
Nam Kyu Kim
Annals of Coloproctology.2013; 29(5): 177. CrossRef

Data on the Characteristics and the Survival of Korean Patients With Colorectal Cancer From the Korea Central Cancer Registry: Hyoung-Chul Park, Aesun Shin, Byung-Woo Kim, Kyu-Won Jung, Young-Joo Won, Jae Hwan Oh, Seung-Yong Jeong, Chang Sik Yu, Bong Hwa Lee; Ann Coloproctol. 2013;29(4):144-149. Published online August 29, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2013.29.4.144

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Abstract PDF

Purpose

The incidence rates of colorectal cancer (CRC) in Korea have been increasing during the past decade. Therefore, it is important to understand the characteristics, including survival, of Korean CRC patients. The aim of this study was to use the nationwide cancer registry to evaluate the characteristics of Korean CRC, focusing on the survival, according to tumor location, sex, and specific age groups.

Methods

Using the Korea Central Cancer Registry (KCCR), we analyzed a total of 226,352 CRC cases diagnosed from 1993 to 2010. The five-year relative survivals were compared for the proximal colon, the distal colon, and the rectum. Survival rates were compared between men and women and between patients of young age (less than 40 years old) and patients of advanced age (70 years old or older).

Results

The 5-year survival rates were improved in all subsites between 1993 and 2010. Distal colon cancer showed favorable survival compared to proximal colon or rectal cancer. Females demonstrated worse survival for local or regional cancers, and this difference was significant in for patients in their seventies. Young patients (<40 years old) showed better survival rates for overall and proximal colon cancer comparable to those for older patients (≥40 years old), but advanced age patients (≥70 years old) had worse survivals for all tumor subsites compared to their younger counterparts (<70 years old). These trends were similar in distant CRC.

Conclusion

Korean CRC has certain distinct characteristics of survival according to tumor location, sex, and age. Despite the limitations of available data, this study contributes to a better understanding of survival differences in Korean CRC.

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Hyuk Hur, Chang-Mo Oh, Young-Joo Won, Jae Hwan Oh, Nam Kyu Kim
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Jung Ho Park, Hyoung-Chul Park, Sung Chan Park, Jae Hwan Oh, Duck-Woo Kim, Sung-Bum Kang, Seung Chul Heo, Min Jung Kim, Ji Won Park, Seung-Yong Jeong, Kyu Joo Park
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Qiong Qin, Lin Yang, Yong‐Kun Sun, Jian‐Ming Ying, Yan Song, Wen Zhang, Jin‐Wan Wang, Ai‐Ping Zhou
Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine.2017; 3(1): 51. CrossRef
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Hyun-Chul Kim, Junghwa Chang, Hannah S Lee, Ho Jeong Kwon
Experimental & Molecular Medicine.2017; 49(11): e391. CrossRef
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Yong Sik Yoon
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Ho-Su Lee, Jae Seung Soh, Seohyun Lee, Jung Ho Bae, Kyung-Jo Kim, Byong Duk Ye, Jeong-Sik Byeon, Seung-Jae Myung, Suk-Kyun Yang, Sun A Kim, Young Soo Park, Seok-Byung Lim, Jin Cheon Kim, Chang Sik Yu, Dong-Hoon Yang
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Kuantkan Zhabagin, Nurbek Igissinov, Zukhra Manambayeva, Tasbolat Adylkhanov, Marat Sandybayev, Murat Nurgazin, Adilzhan Massadykov, Sayat Tanatarov, Daniyar Aldyngurov, Nailya Urazalina, Aizhan Abiltayeva, Ainoor Baissalbayeva, Almagul Zhabagina, Dinara
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SOO KYUNG LEE, JI WOOK MOON, YONG WOO LEE, JUNG OK LEE, SU JIN KIM, NAMI KIM, JIN KIM, HYEON SOO KIM, SUN-HWA PARK
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Digestive Diseases and Sciences.2015; 60(6): 1579. CrossRef
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Sung-Eun Kim
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Jae Myung Cha
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Gender-specific Colorectal Cancer: Epidemiologic Difference and Role of Estrogen
Hee Man Kim, Hyun-Soo Kim
The Korean Journal of Gastroenterology.2014; 63(4): 201. CrossRef
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Reply on "Data on the Characteristics and the Survival of Korean Patients With Colorectal Cancer From the Korea Central Cancer Registry"
Hyoung-Chul Park, Bong Hwa Lee
Annals of Coloproctology.2014; 30(3): 153. CrossRef
Commentary on "Data on the Characteristics and the Survival of Korean Patients With Colorectal Cancer From the Korea Central Cancer Registry"
Mohammad Mohammadianpanah
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Prognostic Impact of the Metastatic Lymph Node Ratio on Survival in Rectal Cancer: Wafi Attaallah, Omer Gunal, Manuk Manukyan, Gulden Ozden, Cumhur Yegen; Ann Coloproctol. 2013;29(3):100-105. Published online June 30, 2013; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/ac.2013.29.3.100

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Abstract PDF

Purpose

Lymph-node metastasis is the most important predictor of survival in stage III rectal cancer. The number of metastatic lymph nodes may vary depending on the level of specimen dissection and the total number of lymph nodes harvested. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the lymph node ratio (LNR) is a prognostic parameter for patients with rectal cancer.

Methods

A retrospective review of a database of rectal cancer patients was performed to determine the effect of the LNR on the disease-free survival (DFS) and the overall survival. Of the total 228 patients with rectal cancer, 55 patients with stage III cancer were eligible for analysis. Survival curves were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method. Cox regression analyses, after adjustments for potential confounders, were used to evaluate the relationship between the LNR and survival.

Results

According to the cutoff point 0.15 (15%), the 2-year DFS was 95.2% among patients with a LNR < 0.15 compared with 67.6% for those with LNR ≥ 0.15 (P = 0.02). In stratified and multivariate analyses adjusted for age, gender, histology and tumor status, a higher LNR was independently associated with worse DFS.

Conclusion

This study showed the prognostic significance of ratio-based staging for rectal cancer and may help in developing better staging systems. LNR 0.15 (15%) was shown to be a cutoff point for determining survival and prognosis in rectal cancer cases.

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Impact of Metastatic Lymph Node Ratio on Survival and Prognosis in Rectal Carcinoma: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Bahadır Kartal, Mehmet Berksun Tutan
Cureus.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Progress in the diagnosis of lymph node metastasis in rectal cancer: a review
Wei Peng, Huimin Qiao, Linfeng Mo, You Guo
Frontiers in Oncology.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
The Role of Nonmetastatic Lymph Nodes in the Survival of Colorectal Cancer: A Systematic Review
Alexander J. Pennings, Brecht A. van der Velden, Maximilian Kloft, Loes F. S. Kooreman, Jos M. P. Kleijnen, Stephanie O. Breukink, Geerard L. Beets, Heike I. Grabsch, Jarno Melenhorst
Annals of Surgery Open.2023; 4(4): e336. CrossRef
Value of intravoxel incoherent motion for assessment of lymph node status and tumor response after chemoradiation therapy in locally advanced rectal cancer
Hang Li, Yi Yuan, Xiao-li Chen, Guang-wen Chen, Hao Liu, Yi-Sha Liu, Ming-hui Pang, Si-yun Liu, Hong Pu, Zhen-lin Li
European Journal of Radiology.2022; 146: 110106. CrossRef
Prognostic Factors of Recurrence and Survival in Operated Patients with Colorectal Cancer
Alimohammad Bananzadeh, Ali Daneshvar Jahromi, Amirhossein Emami Meybodi, Seyed Mohammad Kazem Tadayon, Mohammad Rezazadehkermani
Middle East Journal of Digestive Diseases.2022; 14(1): 44. CrossRef
Radiomics Based on T2-Weighted Imaging and Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Images for Preoperative Evaluation of Lymph Node Metastasis in Rectal Cancer Patients
Chunli Li, Jiandong Yin
Frontiers in Oncology.2021;[Epub] CrossRef
Modified Gastric Cancer AJCC Staging with a Classification Based on the Ratio of Regional Lymph Node Involvement: A Population-Based Cohort Study
Zeping Huang, Yutong Chen, Wenjun Zhang, Haipeng Liu, Zixian Wang, Youcheng Zhang
Annals of Surgical Oncology.2020; 27(5): 1480. CrossRef
Oncologic Outcomes of Postoperative Chemoradiotherapy Versus Chemotherapy Alone in Stage II and III Upper Rectal Cancer
Ji Eun Yoon, Soo Young Lee, Han Duk Kwak, Seung Seop Yeom, Chang Hyun Kim, Jae Kyun Joo, Hyeong Rok Kim, Young Jin Kim
Annals of Coloproctology.2019; 35(3): 137. CrossRef
Clinical Implications of Lymph Node Metastasis in Colorectal Cancer: Current Status and Future Perspectives
Hye Jin Kim, Gyu–Seog Choi
Annals of Coloproctology.2019; 35(3): 109. CrossRef
Proposal of a modified American Joint Committee on Cancer staging scheme for resectable pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma with a lymph node ratio-based N classification
Huan-Jun Li, Yu-Tong Chen, Shu-Qiang Yuan
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A systematic review of the prognostic value of lymph node ratio, number of positive nodes and total nodes examined in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
M Elshaer, G Gravante, M Kosmin, A Riaz, A Al-Bahrani
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Medicine.2016; 95(14): e3149. CrossRef
Prognostic Impact of the Metastatic Lymph Node Ratio on Survival in Gastric Cancer
Wafi Attaallah, Kivilcim Uprak, Omer Gunal, Cumhur Yegen
Indian Journal of Surgical Oncology.2016; 7(1): 67. CrossRef
Lymph node density in oral cavity cancer: results of the International Consortium for Outcomes Research
S G Patel, M Amit, T C Yen, C T Liao, P Chaturvedi, J P Agarwal, L P Kowalski, A Ebrahimi, J R Clark, C R Cernea, S J Brandao, M Kreppel, J Zöller, D Fliss, E Fridman, G Bachar, T Shpitzer, V A Bolzoni, P R Patel, S Jonnalagadda, K T Robbins, J P Shah, Z
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Clinical Significance of the Metastatic Lymph-Node Ratio in Rectal Cancer
Hyoung Chul Park
Annals of Coloproctology.2013; 29(3): 89. CrossRef

Oncologic Outcomes of a Laparoscopic Right Hemicolectomy for Colon Cancer: Results of a 3-Year Follow-up: Jung Hoon Cho, Dae Ro Lim, Hyuk Hur, Byung Soh Min, Seung Hyuk Baik, Kang Young Lee, Nam Kyu Kim; J Korean Soc Coloproctol. 2012;28(1):42-48. Published online February 29, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/jksc.2012.28.1.42

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Abstract PDF

Purpose

The purpose of the study is to evaluate the oncologic outcomes of a laparoscopic-assisted right hemicolectomy for the treatment of colon cancer and compare the results with those of previous randomized trials.

Methods

From June 2006, to December 2008, 156 consecutive patients who underwent a laparoscopic right hemicolectomy with a curative intent for colon cancer were evaluated. The clinicopatholgic outcomes and the oncologic outcomes were evaluated retrospectively by using electronic medical records.

Results

There were 84 male patients and 72 female patients. The mean possible length of stay was 7.0 ± 1.5 days (range, 4 to 12 days). The conversion rate was 3.2%. The total number of complications was 30 (19.2%). Anastomotic leakage was not noted. There was no mortality within 30 days. The 3-year overall survival rate of all stages was 93.3%. The 3-year overall survival rates according to stages were 100% in stage I, 97.3% in stage II, and 84.8% in stage III. The 3-year disease-free survival rate of all stages was 86.1%. The 3-year disease-free survival rates according to stage were 96.2% in stage I, 90.3% in stage II, and 75.6% in stage III. The mean follow-up period was 36.3 (3 to 60) months.

Conclusion

A laparoscopic right hemicolectomy for the treatment of colon cancer is technically feasible and safe to perform in terms of oncologic outcomes. The present data support previously reported randomized trials.

Citations

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Short-term outcomes and the learning curve for laparoscopic right hemicolectomy using the ArtiSential: a multicenter pooled analysis
Seijong Kim, Jaeim Lee, Heung-Kwon Oh, Dae Hee Pyo, Yoon Suk Lee, Yong Sik Yoon, Dong Hwan Bae, Byung Soh Min, Chang Hyun Kim, Jung Wook Huh
Surgical Endoscopy.2025; 39(5): 2931. CrossRef
Comparison of outcome and costs of robotic and laparoscopic right hemicolectomies
Nima Ahmadi, Isabella Mor, Ross Warner
Journal of Robotic Surgery.2022; 16(2): 429. CrossRef
Is Laparoscopic Complete Mesocolic Excision and Central Vascular Ligation Really Necessary for All Patients With Right-Sided Colon Cancer?
Gyung Mo Son, In Young Lee, Yoon Suk Lee, Bong-Hyeon Kye, Hyeon-Min Cho, Je-Ho Jang, Chang-Nam Kim, Kil Yeon Lee, Suk-Hwan Lee, Jun-Gi Kim
Annals of Coloproctology.2021; 37(6): 434. CrossRef
Oncologic Outcomes of Self-Expandable Metallic Stent as a Bridge to Surgery and Safety and Feasibility of Minimally Invasive Surgery for Acute Malignant Colonic Obstruction
Seung Yoon Yang, Youn Young Park, Yoon Dae Han, Min Soo Cho, Hyuk Hur, Byung Soh Min, Kang Young Lee, Nam Kyu Kim
Annals of Surgical Oncology.2019; 26(9): 2787. CrossRef
Comparison of open, laparoscopic, and robotic approaches for total abdominal colectomy
Zhobin Moghadamyeghaneh, Mark H. Hanna, Joseph C. Carmichael, Alessio Pigazzi, Michael J. Stamos, Steven Mills
Surgical Endoscopy.2016; 30(7): 2792. CrossRef
Preoperative prediction of conversion from laparoscopic rectal resection to open surgery: a clinical study of conversion scoring of laparoscopic rectal resection to open surgery
Guang-Dong Zhang, Xu-Ting Zhi, Jian-Li Zhang, Guang-Bo Bu, Gang Ma, Kai-Lei Wang
International Journal of Colorectal Disease.2015; 30(9): 1209. CrossRef
Feasibility and safety of laparoscopic resection following stent insertion for obstructing left-sided colon cancer
Seoung Yoon Rho, Sung Uk Bae, Se Jin Baek, Hyuk Hur, Byung Soh Min, Seung Hyuk Baik, Kang Young Lee, Nam Kyu Kim
Journal of the Korean Surgical Society.2013; 85(6): 290. CrossRef
Totally Laparoscopic Right Hemicolectomy with Intracorporeal Anastomosis is a Technically and Oncologically Safe Procedure
V. N. N. Kornmann, J. Hagendoorn, S.van Koeverden, B.van Ramshorst, A. B. Smits
Acta Chirurgica Belgica.2013; 113(6): 439. CrossRef

Stromal-cell-derived Factor 1-α Promotes Tumor Progression in Colorectal Cancer: Se Jun Park, Tae Sung Ahn, Sung Woo Cho, Chang Jin Kim, Dong Jun Jung, Myung Won Son, Sang Ho Bae, Eung Jin Shin, Moon Soo Lee, Chang Ho Kim, Moo Jun Baek; J Korean Soc Coloproctol. 2012;28(1):27-34. Published online February 29, 2012; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/jksc.2012.28.1.27

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Abstract PDF

Purpose

Although stromal-cell-derived factor (SDF)-1α is suggested to be involved in tumorigenicity and tumor angiogenesis, the clinicopathological significance of its expression in colorectal cancers is not fully understood. We examined SDF-1α expression in colorectal cancers and investigated its relationship to clinicopathological features such as tumor staging, lymph-node metastasis, vascular invasion (VI), lymphatic invasion (LI) and neural invasion (NI).

Methods

Specimens of 83 primary colorectal cancers were examined immunohistochemically, and the relationships between clinicopathological features and SDF-1α expression were analyzed. To compare the expressions between the normal colon tissue and colorectal cancer tissues, we performed Western blot analyses.

Results

According to the Western blot analyses, SDF-1α was more highly expressed in colorectal carcinoma tissues than in normal colonic mucosa (20/21). According to the immunohistochemical stain, SDF-1α was associated with nodal status, distant metastasis, tumor staging, VI and LI. SDF-1α expression had a significant prognostic value for overall survival. Kaplan-Meier plots of survival in patients with high SDF-1α showed that high SDF-1α expression was associated with a shorter overall survival. However, no association was found between SDF-1α expression and other pathologic or clinical variables, including age, gender, degree of differentiation, and presence of perineural invasion.

Conclusion

The expression of SDF-1α might be associated with tumor progression in colorectal cancer. Inhibition of SDF-1α could be a therapeutic option in colorectal cancer patients.

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Human CD133-positive hematopoietic progenitor cells initiate growth and metastasis of colorectal cancer cells
Chao Zhang, Chang Zhou, Xiao-Jin Wu, Min Yang, Zhao-hui Yang, Han-zhen Xiong, Chun-ping Zhou, Yan-xia Lu, Yuan Li, Xue-nong Li
Carcinogenesis.2014; 35(12): 2771. CrossRef

Effectiveness of Adjuvant Chemotherapy with 5-FU/Leucovorin and Prognosis in Stage II Colon Cancer: Sun Hee Jee, Sun Mi Moon, Ui Sup Shin, Hoe Min Yang, Dae-Yong Hwang; J Korean Soc Coloproctol. 2011;27(6):322-328. Published online December 31, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/jksc.2011.27.6.322

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Abstract PDF

Purpose

The aims of this study were to investigate the survival results and the prognostic factors of adjuvant chemotherapy in stage II colon cancer in the sparsity of Korean data.

Methods

From 1993 to 2006, 363 curatively resected pathologic stage II colon cancer patients were enrolled. Six cycles of adjuvant chemotherapy was performed: intravenous bolus 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) 500 mg/m² with leucovorin 20 mg/m2 for 2 hours daily for 5 days, followed by a 3-week resting period (n = 308). Fifty-five patients received only curative surgery. A high risk of recurrence was defined as the presence of one or more of the following factors: T4 tumor, lympho-vascular invasion, perineural invasion, perforation, obstruction, retrieved lymph node < 12, and poorly differention. The median follow-up period was 68 months (1 to 205 months).

Results

The five-year overall survival (OS) rate was 90.1%, and the five-year disease-free survival (DFS) rate was 84.7%. Among high-risk patients, the OS and the DFS rates of the treatment group were significantly higher than those of the non-treatment group (OS: 90.6% vs. 69.1%, P < 0.0001; DFS: 85.9% vs. 54.1%, P < 0.0001). Among low-risk patients, the survival results of the treatment group were also significantly superior (OS: 97.7% vs. 88.2%, P < 0.0001; DFS: 93.0% vs. 80.0%, P = 0.001). In the multivariate analysis, adjuvant chemotherapy was a significantly favorable prognostic factor for overall survival (hazard ratio, 0.41; 95% confidence interval, 0.22 to 0.75; P = 0.004).

Conclusion

In our population, adjuvant chemotherapy showed superior survival to curative surgery alone and significantly reduced the risk of death. A nationwide multicenter randomized trial is needed.

Citations

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Novel Drug Combinations in Lung Cancer: New Potential Synergies Between 5-FU and Repurposed Drugs
Eduarda Ribeiro, Nuno Vale
Applied Sciences.2024; 14(21): 9658. CrossRef
Ulva pertusa Modulated Colonic Oxidative Stress Markers and Clinical Parameters: A Potential Adjuvant Therapy to Manage Side Effects During 5-FU Regimen
Alberto Repici, Anna Paola Capra, Ahmed Hasan, Rossella Basilotta, Sarah Adriana Scuderi, Michela Campolo, Irene Paterniti, Emanuela Esposito, Alessio Ardizzone
International Journal of Molecular Sciences.2024; 25(23): 12988. CrossRef
Using zebrafish to assess the effect of chronic, early developmental exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of 5-fluorouracil and leucovorin
M. Ng, K. DeCicco-Skinner, V.P. Connaughton
Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology.2020; 76: 103356. CrossRef
Postoperative chemotherapy improves survival in patients with resected high‐risk Stage II colorectal cancer: results of a systematic review and meta‐analysis
C. Simillis, H. K. S. I. Singh, T. Afxentiou, S. Mills, O. J. Warren, J. J. Smith, P. Riddle, M. Adamina, D. Cunningham, P. P. Tekkis
Colorectal Disease.2020; 22(10): 1231. CrossRef
Patient Selection for Adjuvant Chemotherapy in High-Risk Stage II Colon Cancer
Chao Zhang, Songcheng Yin, Yuen Tan, Jinyu Huang, Pengliang Wang, Wenbin Hou, Zhe Zhang, Huimian Xu
American Journal of Clinical Oncology.2020; 43(4): 279. CrossRef
Scoulerine promotes cell viability reduction and apoptosis by activating ROS-dependent endoplasmic reticulum stress in colorectal cancer cells
Jiaxun Tian, Jiamei Mo, Lan Xu, Rui Zhang, Yun Qiao, Bin Liu, Lei Jiang, Siyang Ma, Gang Shi
Chemico-Biological Interactions.2020; 327: 109184. CrossRef
Effectiveness of adjuvant chemotherapy in patients with Stage II colorectal cancer: A multicenter retrospective study
Hasan Jalaeikhoo, Mohammad Zokaasadi, Ahmad Khajeh-Mehrizi, Mohsen Rajaeinejad, Seied Asadollah Mousavi, Mohammad Vaezi, Hosein Kmranzadeh Fumani, Manoutchehr Keyhani, Kamran Alimoghaddam, Ardeshir Ghavamzadeh
Journal of Research in Medical Sciences.2019;[Epub] CrossRef
Colorectal obstruction is a potential prognostic factor for stage II colorectal cancer
Yusuke Okuda, Takaya Shimura, Tomonori Yamada, Yoshikazu Hirata, Ryuzo Yamaguchi, Eiji Sakamoto, Hiromi Kataoka
International Journal of Clinical Oncology.2018; 23(6): 1101. CrossRef
Effect of Adjuvant Chemotherapy on Stage II Colon Cancer: Analysis of Korean National Data
Min Ki Kim, Daeyoun David Won, Sun Min Park, Taejung Kim, Sung Ryong Kim, Seong Taek Oh, Seung Kook Sohn, Mi Yeon Kang, In Kyu Lee
Cancer Research and Treatment.2018; 50(4): 1149. CrossRef
Perineural Invasion Is a Strong Prognostic Factor in Colorectal Cancer
Nikki Knijn, Stephanie C. Mogk, Steven Teerenstra, Femke Simmer, Iris D. Nagtegaal
American Journal of Surgical Pathology.2016; 40(1): 103. CrossRef
Prognostic Value of Perineural Invasion in Colorectal Cancer: A Meta-Analysis
Yuchong Yang, Xuanzhang Huang, Jingxu Sun, Peng Gao, Yongxi Song, Xiaowan Chen, Junhua Zhao, Zhenning Wang
Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery.2015; 19(6): 1113. CrossRef
Colchicine induces apoptosis in HT-29 human colon cancer cells via the AKT and c-Jun N-terminal kinase signaling pathways
ZHEN HUANG, YE XU, WEI PENG
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Ui Sup Shin, Sang Sik Cho, Sun Mi Moon, Sun Hoo Park, Sun Hee Jee, Eun-Joo Jung, Dae-Yong Hwang
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The Sirtuin 3 Expression Profile Is Associated with Pathological and Clinical Outcomes in Colon Cancer Patients
Chunyuan Liu, Zonghai Huang, Hong Jiang, Fujun Shi
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Do High-risk Features Support the Use of Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Stage II Colon Cancer? A Turkish Oncology Group Study
Mehmet Artac, Nazim Serdar Turhal, Murat Kocer, Bulent Karabulut, Hakan Bozcuk, Suayip Yalcin, Mustafa Karaagac, Seyda Gündüz, Nalan Isik, Kazim Uygun
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Laparoscopic Colectomy Decreases the Time to Administration of Chemotherapy Compared with Open Colectomy
Vitaliy Poylin, Thomas Curran, Eliza Lee, Deborah Nagle
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Identification of the Risk Factors for Recurrence of Stage II Rectal Cancer
Sho Sawazaki, Manabu Shiozawa, Teni Godai, Yusuke Katayama, Koji Numata, Akio Higuchi, Yasushi Rino, Munetaka Masuda, Makoto Akaike
Nippon Daicho Komonbyo Gakkai Zasshi.2014; 67(5): 305. CrossRef
Current Controversies in the Management of Colon Cancer
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Clinical Applications of Radio-Frequency Ablation in Liver Metastasis of Colorectal Cancer: Ji Hun Gwak, Bo-Young Oh, Ryung Ah Lee, Soon Sup Chung, Kwang Ho Kim; J Korean Soc Coloproctol. 2011;27(4):202-210. Published online August 31, 2011; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/jksc.2011.27.4.202

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Abstract PDF

Purpose

The aim of this study is to evaluate long-term survival and prognostic factors for radio-frequency ablation (RFA) in colorectal liver metastases.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed 35 colorectal liver metastases patients who underwent RFA between 2004 and 2008. We analyzed survival after RFA and prognostic factors for survival.

Results

Of the 35 patients, 23 patients were male and 12 were female. Their mean age was 62.40 ± 12.52 years. Mean overall survival was 38.8 ± 4.6 months, and mean progression free survival was 19.9 ± 3.4 months. Three- and 5-year overall survival rates were 42.7 ± 0.1% and 26.0 ± 0.1%, respectively. Three- and 5-year progression-free survival rates were 19.6 ± 0.1% and 4.9 ± 0.04%, respectively. Overall survival and progression-free survival were significantly improved in male and in patients with carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) ≤ 100 ng/mL, carbohydrate antigen (CA) 19-9 ≤ 100 ng/mL, absence of extrahepatic disease, and a unilobar hepatic lesion. In addition, progression-free survival was improved in patients with a solitary hepatic lesion. On the multivariate analysis, significant survival factors were the absence of extrahepatic disease and the presence of a unilobar hepatic lesion.

Conclusion

RFA for colorectal liver metastases is an effective treatment option in male patients and in patients with CEA or CA19-9 ≤ 100, absence of extrahepatic disease, a solitary hepatic lesion, and a unilobar hepatic lesion.

Citations

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Ling-Zhen Gong, Qian-Wen Wang, Jie-Wen Zhu
World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery.2024; 16(7): 2073. CrossRef
Microwave Ablation, Radiofrequency Ablation, Irreversible Electroporation, and Stereotactic Ablative Body Radiotherapy for Intermediate Size (3–5 cm) Unresectable Colorectal Liver Metastases: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Sanne Nieuwenhuizen, Madelon Dijkstra, Robbert S. Puijk, Bart Geboers, Alette H. Ruarus, Evelien A. Schouten, Karin Nielsen, Jan J. J. de Vries, Anna M. E. Bruynzeel, Hester J. Scheffer, M. Petrousjka van den Tol, Cornelis J. A. Haasbeek, Martijn R. Meije
Current Oncology Reports.2022; 24(6): 793. CrossRef
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Cancers.2021; 13(11): 2617. CrossRef
Combined CT-guided radiofrequency ablation with systemic chemotherapy improves the survival for nasopharyngeal carcinoma with oligometastasis in liver: Propensity score matching analysis
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Oncotarget.2017; 8(32): 52132. CrossRef
Radiofrequency ablation in combined treatment of metastatic colorectal liver cancer
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Khirurgiya. Zhurnal im. N.I. Pirogova.2016; (12): 4. CrossRef
Systematic review of 12 years of thermal ablative therapies of non-resectable colorectal cancer liver metastases
Sameh Saif, Ania Z, Kielar, Matthew McInnes
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Oncology Letters.2014; 8(1): 323. CrossRef
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Gastric perforation following stereotactic body radiation therapy of hepatic metastasis from colon cancer
Matthew J. Furman, Giles F. Whalen, Shimul A. Shah, Sidney P. Kadish
Practical Radiation Oncology.2013; 3(1): 40. CrossRef

Effect of Diabetes Mellitus on Outcomes of Colorectal Cancer: Geum Youb Noh, Dae-Yong Hwang, Yoon Hee Choi, Yun Yong Lee; J Korean Soc Coloproctol. 2010;26(6):424-428. Published online December 31, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/jksc.2010.26.6.424

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Abstract PDF

Purpose

Many studies have revealed that diabetes mellitus (DM) increases a person's lifetime risk of colorectal cancer and that DM is associated with a worse outcome of colon cancer, but this association is controversial. In this study, we intended to examine the relationship between DM and the long-term outcomes of colorectal cancer.

Methods

A retrospective analysis was conducted on 657 patients who underwent surgery due to colorectal cancer between 1997 and 2004 at Korea Cancer Center Hospital. The operations were done by a single surgeon. With a median follow-up of 4.7 years, we analyzed differences in recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) between patients with DM and those without DM.

Results

Of the 657 patients, 374 (57%) were males and 67 (10%) had DM. There was no difference in age at diagnosis, sex and pathologic stage of colorectal cancer according to the presence of DM. There were no difference in the RFS and the OS of colon cancer between the patients with DM and those without DM. At 5 years, the RFS was 71.3% in diabetic patients vs. 70.4% in non-diabetic patients (P = 0.480), and the OS was 68.8% in diabetic patients vs. 75.0% in non-diabetic patients (P = 0.498). There was no difference in the median survival between the groups (9.6 years in the diabetic group vs. 10.6 years in the non-diabetic group; P = 0.495).

Conclusion

In this study, we did not find any relation between the presence of DM and either the recurrence or the survival in cases of colorectal cancer. More studies to elucidate whether the influence of DM is directly related to a higher rate of cancer recurrence or survival are needed.

Citations

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Nalinie Joharatnam‐Hogan, Daniel L. Morganstein
Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics.2023; 36(2): 504. CrossRef
The impact of the incidence of diabetic complications on mortality in colorectal cancer patients with diabetes: A nationwide study
Woo-Ri Lee, Kyu-Tae Han, Yoon Jung Chang, Seojin Park, Woorim Kim
International Journal of Colorectal Disease.2023;[Epub] CrossRef
Effect of diabetes mellitus comorbidity on outcomes in stages II and III colorectal cancer
Cheng‐Yao Lin, Chien‐Liang Lin, Wen‐Tsung Huang, Cheau‐Jane Peng, Shih‐Bin Su, How‐Ran Guo
Asia-Pacific Journal of Clinical Oncology.2022;[Epub] CrossRef
Effects of diabetes type 2 and metformin treatment in Swedish patients with colorectal cancer
Jan Dimberg, Levar Shamoun, Kalle Landerholm, Dick Wågsäter
World Journal of Gastroenterology.2022; 28(19): 2148. CrossRef
Diabetes mellitus and colorectal carcinoma outcomes: a meta-analysis
Daniel J. Becker, Arjun D. Iyengar, Salman R. Punekar, Dalia Kaakour, Megan Griffin, Joseph Nicholson, Heather T. Gold
International Journal of Colorectal Disease.2020; 35(11): 1989. CrossRef
Socioclinical profile of patients seeking treatment for cancer in a Teaching hospital in east Delhi, India
Utsav Gupta, MadhuKumari Upadhyay, Rahul Sharma
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Postoperative serum carcinoembryonic antigen levels cannot predict survival in colorectal cancer patients with type II diabetes
Chih-Sheng Huang, Chin-Yau Chen, Li-Kuo Huang, Wei-Shu Wang, Shung-Haur Yang
Journal of the Chinese Medical Association.2020; 83(10): 911. CrossRef
Utility of KRAS Gene and Clinicopathological Features in the Assessment of the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes in the Etiology of Colon Cancer
Wedad Saeed Al-Qahtani, Ebtesam Al-Olayan, Fatimah Gh. Albani, Rania Saad Suliman, Nada Hamad Aljarba, E.M. Al-Humaidhi, Alanood S. Almurshedi, Dalia Mostafa Domiaty, Manal Abdullah Alduwish, Aljohara M. Al-Otaibi, Abdelbaset Mohamed Elasbali, Hussain Gad
Global Medical Genetics.2020; 07(02): 035. CrossRef
Survival and Glycemic Control in Patients With Colorectal Cancer and Diabetes Mellitus
Nina J Karlin, Shailja B Amin, Heidi E Kosiorek, Matthew R Buras, Patricia M Verona, Curtiss B Cook
Future Science OA.2018;[Epub] CrossRef
Risk of colon cancer recurrence in relation to diabetes
Jessica Chubak, Onchee Yu, Rebecca A. Ziebell, Erin J. Aiello Bowles, Andrew T. Sterrett, Monica M. Fujii, Jennifer M. Boggs, Andrea N. Burnett-Hartman, Denise M. Boudreau, Lu Chen, James S. Floyd, Debra P. Ritzwoller, Rebecca A. Hubbard
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High glucose induces epithelial‑mesenchymal transition and results in the migration and invasion of colorectal cancer cells
Jiayan Wu, Jiayi Chen, Yang Xi, Fuyan Wang, Hongcun Sha, Lin Luo, Yabin Zhu, Xiaoming Hong, Shizhong Bu
Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine.2018;[Epub] CrossRef
Optimal glycemic target level for colon cancer patients with diabetes
Shin Jun Lee, Jae Hyun Kim, Seun Ja Park, So Young Ock, Su Kyoung Kwon, Young Sik Choi, Bu Kyung Kim
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Bo Zhu, Xiaomei Wu, Bo Wu, Dan Pei, Lu Zhang, Lixuan Wei, Masaru Katoh
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Increased mortality for colorectal cancer patients with preexisting diabetes mellitus: an updated meta-analysis
Jingtao Li, Jixi Liu, Chun Gao, Fang Liu, Hongchuan Zhao
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Mohammad Aziz Rasouli, Ghobad Moradi, Daem Roshani, Bahram Nikkhoo, Ebrahim Ghaderi, Bahman Ghaytasi
Medicine.2017; 96(6): e5941. CrossRef
Impact of Hyperglycemia on Survival and Infection-Related Adverse Events in Patients with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer Who Were Receiving Palliative Chemotherapy
Yong Joo Hong, Hye-Suk Han, Yusook Jeong, Jiwon Jeong, Sung-Nam Lim, Hyung Jin Choi, Hyun-Jung Jeon, Tae-Keun Oh, Sang-Jeon Lee, Ki Hyeong Lee
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High Glucose Modulates Antiproliferative Effect and Cytotoxicity of 5-Fluorouracil in Human Colon Cancer Cells
Yi-Shing Ma, I-Ping Yang, Hsiang-Lin Tsai, Ching-Wen Huang, Suh-Hang Hank Juo, Jaw-Yuan Wang
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Diabetes and prognosis in older persons with colorectal cancer
J Luo, H-C Lin, K He, M Hendryx
British Journal of Cancer.2014; 110(7): 1847. CrossRef
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Is Associated With Increased Mortality in Chinese Patients Receiving Curative Surgery for Colon Cancer
Kuo-Hsing Chen, Yu-Yun Shao, Zhong-Zhe Lin, Yi-Chun Yeh, Wen-Yi Shau, Raymond Nienchen Kuo, Ho-Min Chen, Chiu-Ling Lai, Kun-Huei Yeh, Ann-Lii Cheng, Mei-Shu Lai
The Oncologist.2014; 19(9): 951. CrossRef
Impact of Diabetes on Oncologic Outcome of Colorectal Cancer Patients: Colon vs. Rectal Cancer
Justin Y. Jeon, Duck Hyoun Jeong, Min Geun Park, Ji-Won Lee, Sang Hui Chu, Ji-Hye Park, Mi Kyung Lee, Kaori Sato, Jennifer A. Ligibel, Jeffrey A. Meyerhardt, Nam Kyu Kim, Antonio Moschetta
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Katherine T. Mills, Charles F. Bellows, Aaron E. Hoffman, Tanika N. Kelly, Giuseppe Gagliardi
Diseases of the Colon & Rectum.2013; 56(11): 1304. CrossRef
The Role of Diabetes and Diabetes Treatments in Colorectal Cancer Mortality, Incidence, and Survival
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Current Nutrition Reports.2013; 2(1): 37. CrossRef
Pre-existing type-2 diabetes is not an adverse prognostic factor in patients with renal cell carcinoma: A single-center retrospective study
Alessandro Antonelli, Nicola Arrighi, Serena Corti, Tiziano Zanotelli, Alberto Cozzoli, Sergio Cosciani Cunico, Claudio Simeone
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The impact on clinical outcome of high prevalence of diabetes mellitus in Taiwanese patients with colorectal cancer
Ching-Wen Huang, Li-Chu Sun, Ying-Ling Shih, Hsiang-Lin Tsai, Chao-Wen Chen, Yung-Sung Yeh, Cheng-Jen Ma, Che-Jen Huang, Jaw-Yuan Wang
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The Association between Obesity and Colorectal Cancer
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Gastroenterology Research and Practice.2012; 2012: 1. CrossRef

Oncologic Outcome after Cessation or Dose Reduction of Capecitabine in Patients with Colon Cancer: Jung-A Yun, Hee Cheol Kim, Hyun-Sook Son, Hyoung Ran Kim, Hae Ran Yun, Yong Beom Cho, Seong Hyeon Yun, Woo Yong Lee, Ho-Kyung Chun; J Korean Soc Coloproctol. 2010;26(4):287-292. Published online August 31, 2010; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/jksc.2010.26.4.287

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Abstract PDF

Purpose

Oral capecitabine has been used as adjuvant therapy for colorectal cancer patients since the 1990s. Patient-initiated cessation or reduced use of capecitabine occurs widely for various reasons, yet the consequences of these actions are unclear. The present study sought to clarify treatment outcomes in such patients.

Methods

The study included 173 patients who had been diagnosed with stage II or III colon cancer according to the pathologic report after radical surgery at Samsung Medical Center from May 2005 to June 2007 and who had received capecitabine as adjuvant therapy. The patients were divided into groups according to whether the dose was reduced (I, dose maintenance; II, dose reduction) or stopped (A, cycle completion; B, cycle cessation). Recurrence and disease-free survival rates between the two groups each were analyzed.

Results

Of the 173 patients, 128 (74.6%) experienced complications, most frequently hand-foot syndrome (n = 114). Reduction (n = 35) or cessation (n = 18) of medication was most commonly due to complications. Concerning reduced dosage, both groups displayed no statistically significant differences in recurrence rate and 3-year disease-free survival rate. Concerning discontinued medication use, the cycle completion group showed an improved recurrence rate (P = 0.048) and 3-year disease-free survival rate (P = 0.028).

Conclusion

The results demonstrate that maintaining compliance with capecitabine as an adjuvant treatment for colon cancer to preventing complications positively affects patient prognosis.

Citations

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Medication perceptions mediate the association between illness perceptions and adherence to oral anticancer agents among patients with gastrointestinal tract cancer: A cross-sectional study
Yongfeng Chen, Marques Shek Nam Ng, Xulian Wei, LiYuan Zhang, Kai Chow Choi, Yan Ma, Fang Wang, Carmen Wing Han Chan
European Journal of Oncology Nursing.2025; 76: 102720. CrossRef
Adherence to Oral Anticancer Agents Among Adults With Gastrointestinal Tract Cancer
Yongfeng Chen, Marques Shek Nam Ng, Mengyue Zhang, Carmen Wing Han Chan
Cancer Nursing.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
Feasibility and Preliminary Outcomes of an Education Program to Promote Self-regulation Among Patients With Gastrointestinal Tract Cancer Newly Taking Oral Anticancer Agents
Yongfeng Chen, Marques Shek Nam Ng, MeiMei Shang, Carmen Wing Han Chan
Cancer Nursing.2025;[Epub] CrossRef
The Value of Pharmacogenetics to Reduce Drug-Related Toxicity in Cancer Patients
Doreen Z. Mhandire, Andrew K. L. Goey
Molecular Diagnosis & Therapy.2022; 26(2): 137. CrossRef
Global Cancer Burden and Natural Disasters: A Focus on Asia’s Vulnerability, Resilience Building, and Impact on Cancer Care
Roselle De Guzman, Monica Malik
Journal of Global Oncology.2019; (5): 1. CrossRef
Association Between Adjuvant Chemotherapy Duration and Survival Among Patients With Stage II and III Colon Cancer
Devon J. Boyne, Colleen A. Cuthbert, Dylan E. O’Sullivan, Tolulope T. Sajobi, Robert J. Hilsden, Christine M. Friedenreich, Winson Y. Cheung, Darren R. Brenner
JAMA Network Open.2019; 2(5): e194154. CrossRef
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Jan Hartinger, Pavel Veselý, Martin Šíma, Irena Netíková, Eva Matoušková, Luboš Petruželka
Prague Medical Report.2017; 118(4): 128. CrossRef
An exploratory study to identify risk factors for the development of capecitabine‐induced Palmar Plantar Erythrodysesthesia (PPE)
Annie Law, Sue Dyson, Denis Anthony
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Survival Rate and Prognostic Factors in Perforated Colorectal Cancer Patients: A Case-Control Study.: Kim, Min Sang , Lim, Seung Woo , Park, Sung Jin , Gwak, Geumhee , Yang, Keun Ho , Bae, Byung Noe , Kim, Ki Hwan , Han, Sewhan , Kim, Hong Joo , Kim, Young Duck , Kim, Hong Yong; J Korean Soc Coloproctol. 2010;26(1):69-75.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/jksc.2010.26.1.69

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Abstract PDF

PURPOSE
Perforations are rare but serious complications in colorectal cancer. Controversy exists over whether to perform a radical operation because colorectal cancer perforation is considered as an advanced stage disease, and septic complications of peritonitis have been identified as being responsible for a poor prognosis. The aim of this study was to assess the correlation between the survival rate and the clinicopathological parameters that might be used as predictive factors of the prognosis for perforated colorectal cancer.
METHODS
The analysis was based on 24 cases of perforated colorectal cancer (the case group), 48 cases of matching uncomplicated colorectal cancer (the control group), and 72 cases of the case and the control groups combined together (the combined group), all of which were identified during a 10-yr period in a single institution.
RESULTS
The five-year survival rates of the perforated colorectal cancer patients and their matching controls were similar (P=0.484). No significant differences in the locations of the cancer, the pre-operative carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) levels, the tumor sizes, the resection margins, or the numbers of the lymph nodes harvested were found between the two groups. A univariate analysis of the prognostic factors that influenced the case group revealed that adjuvant chemotherapy (P=0.004) was significantly correlated to a better five-year survival rate. A univariate analysis of the prognostic factors that influenced the five-year survival rate of the combined group revealed that the stage (P<0.001), the pre-op CEA level (P=0.018), the angio invasion (P=0.019), the perineural invasion (P=0.019), the number of harvested lymph nodes (P=0.004), and adjuvant chemotherapy (P=0.001) were significantly correlated to the five-year survival rate. The identified independent prognostic factors in the combined group were the stage (hazard ratio, 5.20), angio-invasion (hazard ratio, 2.81), and adjuvant chemotherapy (hazard ratio, 0.17).
CONCLUSION
The clinical pathway of perforated colorectal cancer is similar to that of uncomplicated colorectal cancer. Therefore, perforated colorectal cancer patients should be recommended for treatment with the appropriate radical operation and adjuvant chemotherapy based on oncologic principles.

Citations

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The Metastatic Lymph Node Ratio is a Crucial Criterion in Colorectal Cancer Therapy Management and Prognosis
Gülçin Harman Kamalı, Sedat Kamalı
European Archives of Medical Research.2022; 38(1): 73. CrossRef
Acute Abdomen in the Oncology Patient
Katrina McGinty
Seminars in Roentgenology.2020; 55(4): 400. CrossRef
Nonobstetrical Acute Abdomen during Pregnancy as a Consequence of Colorectal Carcinoma Perforation: Case Report and Review of the Literature
Žana Žegarac, Željko Duić, Sandra Stasenko
Case Reports in Gastrointestinal Medicine.2019; 2019: 1. CrossRef
Prognostic Value of Perineural Invasion in Colorectal Cancer: A Meta-Analysis
Yuchong Yang, Xuanzhang Huang, Jingxu Sun, Peng Gao, Yongxi Song, Xiaowan Chen, Junhua Zhao, Zhenning Wang
Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery.2015; 19(6): 1113. CrossRef
Surgical management of obstructed and perforated colorectal cancer: still debating and unresolved issues
Rudra K Maitra, Charles A Maxwell-Armstrong
Colorectal Cancer.2013; 2(6): 573. CrossRef
Multivariate Analysis of the Survival Rate for Treatment Modalities in Incurable Stage IV Colorectal Cancer
Sung Kang Kim, Chang Ho Lee, Min Ro Lee, Jong Hun Kim
Journal of the Korean Society of Coloproctology.2012; 28(1): 35. CrossRef

The Influence of Age on Survival and Recurrence after a Curative Surgical Resection for Colon Cancer Patients.: Lee, Cho Rok , Kim, Young Wan , Kim, Nam Kyu , Hur, Hyuk , Min, Byung Soh , Lee, Kang Young , Sohn, Seung Kook , Cho, Chang Hwan; J Korean Soc Coloproctol. 2009;25(6):401-409.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/jksc.2009.25.6.401

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Abstract PDF

PURPOSE
This study was performed to evaluate whether age was a factor associated with oncological outcome for colon cancer patients who underwent a curative surgical resection.
METHODS
A retrospective study of 2,125 colon cancer patients who underwent surgery between January 1989 to December 2004 was conducted. RESULTS: Of the 2,125 patients, 1,724 patients underwent a curative resection (R0). The patients with R0 were classified into three groups: group I (n=142) under 40 yr of age, group II (n=1,462) between 40 and 75 yr of age, and group III (n=120) over 75 yr of age. There were no significant differences in gender, tumor diameter, or postoperative complications among the groups. A history of hereditary colon cancer, advanced TNM stage (III, IV), and poorly- differentiated histology were more commonly found in group I. Adjuvant chemotherapy was administered less frequently in group III. In the survival analysis, the cancer-specific survival (CSS) and the disease-free survival (DFS) rates were not different between groups I and II. The CSS and the DFS rates of group III were significantly unfavorable compared with those of groups I and II. On the multivariate analysis, old age (group III), TNM stage, and preoperative CEA level were independent risk factors for CSS and DFS. CONCLUSION: In colon cancer patients, tailored approaches according to age, such as early screening in young adults with family history and proper patients selection for adjuvant treatment in old patients, could be needed.

Citations

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Overweight is Associated with a Favorable Survival in Patients with Colorectal Cancer: A Prospective Cohort Study in an Asian Population
Yang Won Min, Su-A Kim, Jun Hee Lee, Jin Young Kim, Dong Kyung Chang, Poong-Lyul Rhee, Jae J. Kim, Jong Chul Rhee, Young-Ho Kim
Annals of Surgical Oncology.2012; 19(11): 3460. CrossRef
Analysis of the Prognostic Effectiveness of a Multivisceral Resection for Locally Advanced Colorectal Cancer
Sejin Park, Yun Sik Lee
Journal of the Korean Society of Coloproctology.2011; 27(1): 21. CrossRef

Neuroendocrine Carcinoma of the Colon and Rectum.: Kim, Dong Hun , Lee, Woo Yong , Yun, Hae Ran , Choi, Young Cheol , Cho, Yong Beom , Yun, Seong Hyeon , Kim, Hee Chol , Chun, Ho Kyung; J Korean Soc Coloproctol. 2009;25(1):46-51.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/jksc.2009.25.1.46

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Abstract PDF

PURPOSE
The aim of this study was to review our experience with neuroendocrine carcinoma (NEC) of the colon and rectum to highlight the clinical and pathological characteristics in this relatively uncommon malignancy.
METHODS
From December 1995 to December 2006, 11 patients with NEC were identified from our database of 6,143 colorectal cancer patients (0.18%), which does not include carcinoid tumors. The pathology was retrospectively reviewed and the tumors were categorized as pure NEC, including well-differentiated NEC (n=3), poorly-differentiated (n=3) and mixed endocrine/exocrine tumor (n=5) on the basis of the histology and immunohistochemical findings.
RESULTS
The mean age of the patients was 57 yr (range, 37 to 69 yr). The tumors were located as follows: 8 in the colon and 3 in the rectum. The diagnosis of NEC was suggested preoperatively from the tissue biopsy in 2 of 9 patients (22.2%). The tumors were advanced at the time of diagnosis, with American Joint Committee on Cancer Stage III (n=7) and Stage IV disease (n=4). Most tumors stained positive by immunohistochemistry for neuroendocrine markers, including synaptophysin (7/9, 77.8%); however, chromogranin was expressed in 4 of 9 NEC tumors (44.4%). Metastatic disease was detected at the time of diagnosis in 36.4% (4/11) of the patients. The median survival for NEC was 16 mo (3.6-67.4 mo), and for pure NEC and mixed endocrine/exocrine tumor was 4.1 mo and 23.6 mo, respectively.
CONCLUSION
NEC had distinctive cytoarchitectural features and was often immunoreactive for neuroendocrine markers. Our findings showed that pure NEC had aggressive behavior and a poor prognosis.

Citations

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Small-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the rectum — a rare tumor type with poor prognosis: A case report and review of literature
Zhen-Zhou Chen, Wang Huang, Zheng-Qiang Wei
World Journal of Clinical Cases.2020; 8(23): 6095. CrossRef
Small-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma of the rectum - a rare tumor type with poor prognosis: A case report and review of literature
Zhen-Zhou Chen, Wang Huang, Zheng-Qiang Wei
World Journal of Clinical Cases.2020; 8(23): 6089. CrossRef
Four Cases of Carcinoid Tumor in Asymptomatic Thirties
Seung Hwa Lee, Won Ae Lee, Eal Whan Park, Yoo Seock Cheong
Korean Journal of Family Medicine.2011; 32(2): 135. CrossRef

The Prognostic Impact of Obstructed Colorectal Cancer.: Jung, Hwa Kyung , Jung, Sang Hun , Kim, Jae Hwang , Shim, Min Chul; J Korean Soc Coloproctol. 2008;24(6):479-486.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/jksc.2008.24.6.479

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Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
An obstructed colorectal cancer (OB) has a poorer survival than a non-obstructed cancer (NOB). This study examined the prognostic impact of bowel obstruction on colorectal cancer.
METHODS
From December 1999 to December 2005, patients undergoing single stage operation for OB were examined prospectively. OB (n= 193) was compared with a NOB (n=444) used in a primary tumor resection during the same period. 637 colorectal cancers were examined in this study.
RESULTS
The overall operative mortality was 21 (3.3%) and the postoperative mortality was significantly higher in the OB (OB: 16, 8.3%) group than in the NOB (NOB: 5, 1.1%) group. The proportion of OB was higher in the left-colon (52.8%) than in the right colon (16.0%) and rectum (31.1%, P<0.001). However, OB was associated with an older age (P=0.013). The proportion of advanced tumor stage was higher in OB (II: 35.8%, III: 39.5%, IV: 24.7%) than in NOB (II: 53.2%, III: 35.8%, IV: 11.0%, P<0.001). The 5-year cancer-related survival for OB was worse than NOB (OB: 77.3%, NOB: 57.8%, P<0.05). However, in the cases of a colorectal cancer performed curative resection (stage II and III), the survival for OB was not worse than NOB: stage II (OB: 82.8%, NOB: 92.2%, P=0.24), stage III (OB: 65.2%, NOB: 56.9%, P=0.43).
CONCLUSIONS
OB has older and more advanced disease characteristics. However, if an oncologically curative resection is performed, the survival for OB is similar to that of a NOB.

Mid-term Results of Laparoscopic Surgery and Open Surgery for Radical Treatment of Colorectal Cancer.: Lee, Gil Jae , Lee, Jung Nam , Oh, Jae Hwan , Baek, Jeong Heum; J Korean Soc Coloproctol. 2008;24(5):373-379.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/jksc.2008.24.5.373

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Abstract PDF

PURPOSE
The aims of this study were to assess the oncologic safety of laparoscopic colorectal surgery compared to that of conventional open surgery and to compare the disease-free survival (DFS) rates between laparoscopic and open colorectal surgery for radical treatment of colorectal cancer.
METHODS
From January 2001 to December 2005, 583 patients underwent laparoscopic or conventional open surgery. To address only radical treatment of colorectal cancer, we excluded subjects who had undergone emergency or palliative operation. Four hundred ninety patients were identified for this study. The laparoscopic (LG) and open group (OG) had 74 and 166 patients, respectively, for colon cancer, and 92 and 158 patients, respectively, for the rectal cancer.
RESULTS
No difference was noted in the lengths of the distal margins of the resected bowels between the LG and the OG for rectal cancer (P>0.05). In addition, no significant difference was found in DFS rates between the LG and the OG for both colon and rectal cancer (P>0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
The laparoscopic technique does not seem to present any disadvantages and is safe and feasible for the treatment of colorectal cancer. No difference was found between laparoscopic and open surgery in terms of DFS for colorectal cancer.

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Jeong-Eun Lee, Yong-Geul Joh, Sang-hwa Yoo, Geu-Young Jeong, Sung-Han Kim, Choon-Sik Chung, Dong-Gun Lee, Seon Hahn Kim
Journal of the Korean Society of Coloproctology.2011; 27(2): 64. CrossRef
Oncologic Outcomes of Robotic-Assisted Total Mesorectal Excision for the Treatment of Rectal Cancer
Jeong-Heum Baek, Shaun McKenzie, Julio Garcia-Aguilar, Alessio Pigazzi
Annals of Surgery.2010; 251(5): 882. CrossRef
Complications of Robotic Total Mesorectal Excision
Jeong-Heum Baek, Shaun McKenzie, Alessio Pigazzi
Seminars in Colon and Rectal Surgery.2009; 20(4): 190. CrossRef

Clinical Trial

Prognostic Value of Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate in Patients with Colorectal Cancer.: Kim, Young Ki , Hong, Seong Woo , Chun, Jung Woo , Chang, Yeo Goo , Paik, In Wook , Lee, Hyucksang; J Korean Soc Coloproctol. 2008;24(5):351-356.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/jksc.2008.24.5.351

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Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
Prognostic indicators are used increasingly in clinical trials and to guide surveillance for patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). The significance of a preoperative, elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) as a predictive indicator for malignancy and for prognosis in colorectal cancer has not been elucidated. Hence, the current study was conducted to evaluate the ESR as a prognostic indicator in patients with CRC.
METHODS
This study enrolled 232 patients who underwent surgery in our hospital between 1997 and 2004. ESR with clinicopathologic features and overall survival were evaluated retrospectively.
RESULTS
The ESRs of 139 patients were elevated, and those of 93 patients were normal. Elevated ESR was associated with the male gender, decreased hemoglobin, increased platelet count, high preoperative CEA, high preoperative CA19-9, tumor size (> or =5 cm), T stage, and TNM stage. Patients with elevated ESR had poorer survival (P=0.001), but a multivariate analysis did not reveal an elevated ESR as an independent factor for prognosis.
CONCLUSIONS
Preoperative elevation of ESR in patients with CRC suggests the presence of a tumor with aggressive behavior and a poor outcome.

Original Articles

Colorectal Cancer Presenting as an Early Recurrence Within 1 Year after a Curative Resection.: Jung, Sang Hun , Kim, Hee Cheol , Kim, Ah Young , Choi, Pyong Wha , Park, In Ja , Yu, Chang Sik , Kim, Jin Cheon; J Korean Soc Coloproctol. 2008;24(4):265-272.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/jksc.2008.24.4.265

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Abstract PDF

PURPOSE
An individualized surveillance protocol based on stratified prognostic factors is needed for the early detection of recurrent disease. The aim of this study was to determine both the clinicopathological characteristics for early-recurring colorectal cancer and the impact on survival.
METHODS
From January 1996 to September 2000, 1,504 patients with curatively resected colorectal cancer were recruited. The primary goal of this study was to evaluate the time interval until first loco-regional or distant recurrence, and the secondary goal was the last survival status. Early recurrence was defined as recurrence within the first 12 months postoperatively. Clinicopathologic data and preoperative CT records were reviewed. The follow-up period was over 48 months.
RESULTS
The 5-year recurrence rate was 25.4%, and 39.5% of these were detected within the first 12 months postoperatively. In the multivariate analysis, the independent prognostic factors for early recurrence were cell differentiation (PD/MUC/SRC), lymphovascular invasion, and absence of adjuvant chemotherapy in stage III and curatively resected colorectal cancer in stage IV. Inaccurate interpretation by a low-quality CT scan resulted in a stage III cancer being understaged preoperatively. The 5-year overall survival rate according to the recurrent time interval was significantly different (early recurrence: 7.4% vs. late recurrence: 23.6%, P<0.05). The resection rate was similar in both groups (early recurrence: 22.7% vs. late recurrence: 27.6%, P=0.392).
CONCLUSIONS
Colorectal cancer that recurred within 12 months showed more aggressive biologic behaviors and poor survival. Understaging caused by incomplete preoperative evaluation for disease extension may cause treatment failure.

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Predictive factors and the prognosis of recurrence of colorectal cancer within 2 years after curative resection
Jong Pil Ryuk, Gyu-Seog Choi, Jun Seok Park, Hye Jin Kim, Soo Yeun Park, Ghil Suk Yoon, Soo Han Jun, Yong Chul Kwon
Annals of Surgical Treatment and Research.2014; 86(3): 143. CrossRef
Advanced Neoplasm Detection and Its Associated Factors in Colonoscopic Surveillance of Endoscopically Resected Early Colorectal Cancer
Soon Ha Kwon, Jin Woo Choo, Hyun Gun Kim, Seong Ran Jeon, Byung Hoo Lee, Tae Hee Lee, Wan Jung Kim, Bong Min Ko, Jin-Oh Kim, Joo Young Cho, Joon Seong Lee, Moon Sung Lee
The Korean Journal of Gastroenterology.2013; 62(4): 219. CrossRef

Long-term Result for Rectal Cancer in Cases of a Curative Resection after Preoperative Chemoradiotherapy.: Lee, Dong Hyun , Jung, Sang Hun , Kim, Jae Hwang , Shim, Min Chul; J Korean Soc Coloproctol. 2007;23(6):503-510.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/jksc.2007.23.6.503

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Abstract PDF

PURPOSE
Preoperative chemoradiation is the recommended standard therapy for locally advanced rectal cancer and is associated with sphincter preservation and improved survival. Our study was performed to determine the surgical outcomes and the prognostic factors for rectal cancer with preoperative chemoradiotherapy (PCRT) followed by a relative curative resection.
METHODS
We retrospectively reviewed the cases of 251 advanced rectal cancer patients who underwent a PCRT, between Jan 1995 and Dec 2002. All patients a received 25 days RTX (total dose: 4,500~5,040 cGy) and intravenous 5-FU (425 mg/m2/ day) plus leucovorin (20 mg/day) for 24 hrs. Surgery was performed about 4~6 weeks after completion of RTX. The median follow up was 79 months (range 1-142).
RESULTS
All patients were comfortable with PCRT. Postoperative mortality was 1.1%. After PCRT, 92.2% of the patients and, especially, 82.2% of the low rectal cancer patients had sphincter preserving surgery. Complete remission of the tumor was stenin 15.1% of the cases, but was not significantly associated with recurrence. The overall recurrence and the local recurrence rates were 15.1% and 4.4%, respectively. Cell differentiation, circumferential margin, and lymphovascular invasion were independent risk factors for local recurrence in the multivariate analysis. Prognostic factors for overall and disease-free survival were cell differentiation, circumferential margin, lymphovascular invasion, and lymph node metastasis in the multivariate analysis. The 5-year disease-free survival rates for stages I, II, and III, and for no-residual tumor were 96.1%, 83.4%, 69.0%, and 89.1%, respectively (P<0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
Advanced rectal cancer treated using preoperative chemoradiation resulted in excellent sphincter preservation. Our long-term follow-up results showed good local control and improved survival for rectal cancer.

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Long-term Outcomes of Laparoscopic Surgery for Colorectal Cancer
Jeong-Eun Lee, Yong-Geul Joh, Sang-hwa Yoo, Geu-Young Jeong, Sung-Han Kim, Choon-Sik Chung, Dong-Gun Lee, Seon Hahn Kim
Journal of the Korean Society of Coloproctology.2011; 27(2): 64. CrossRef

The Characteristics of Colorectal Cancer in Patients Older than 80 Years.: Lee, Jae Myeong , Kim, Hee Cheol , Park, In Ja , Kim, Dae Dong , Yu, Chang Sik , Kim, Jin Cheon; J Korean Soc Coloproctol. 2007;23(6):490-496.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/jksc.2007.23.6.490

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Abstract PDF

PURPOSE
The frequency of surgery for elderly Koreans with colorectal cancer has increased because of the current life expectancy rates. The purpose of this study is to identify the characteristics of colorectal cancer in very elderly patients, to determine the optimal treatment decision, and to evaluate the patients prognosis.
METHODS
Between 1989~2005, 181 patients (96 men and 85 women, median age 82) over the age of 80 with colorectal cancer underwent surgery at OO hospital, Korea. Medical records with these patients' co-morbidities, symptoms, clinico-pathologic characteristics, complications, survival, and other relevant data were obtained and analyzed retrospectively.
RESULTS
The principal clinical symptoms were bleeding (45.3%) and bowel habit change (40.9%). Of these patients, 126 had at least one preoperative co-morbidity, and hypertension (29.3%), and cardiac disease (16.0%) were common. Curative surgery was performed in 82.9% (n=150). Emergency surgery was performed in 6.1% (n=11), and the principal cause was obstruction. The most common location of the colorectal cancer was the rectum (39.8%). There were postoperative complications in 36.4% of the patients, including voiding difficulty (12.2%) and wound infection (9.9%). The thirty-day mortality rate was 0.6% (n=1). A preoperative, low PaO2 level significantly increased the incidence of postoperative complications (P=0.036). The five-year survival rate of the curative resection group was higher than that in the remaining patients (44.3% vs. 38.8%, P<0.001).
CONCLUSIONS
Although the preoperative morbidity was high in these very elderly patients, it could be lowered with strict patient management. In addition, these patients showed a relatively good survival rate. Therefore, we believe that major, curative, colorectal surgery should be performed in selected very elderly patients.

Citations

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Prediction of early postoperative desaturation in extreme older patients after spinal anesthesia for femur fracture surgery: a retrospective analysis
Youn Yi Jo, Chun Gon Park, Ji Yeon Lee, Sun Koo Kwon, Hyun Jeong Kwak
Korean Journal of Anesthesiology.2019; 72(6): 599. CrossRef
Can Elderly Patients Older than 75 Years with Colorectal Cancer Tolerate Planned Laparoscopic Surgery?
Kang San Lee, Young Wan Kim, Joo Hee Kim, Hyun Jun Kwon, Ik Yong Kim
The Journal of Minimally Invasive Surgery.2012; 15(4): 126. CrossRef
The Outcome and Propriety of Surgical Treatment of Colorectal Cancer in the Elderly
Hye-Won Hwang, Min-Young Koo, Jeong-Eun Lee, Ryung-Ah Lee, Kwang-Ho Kim
Journal of the Korean Surgical Society.2010; 78(2): 93. CrossRef

Multicenter Study

Long-term Follow-up of Patients with Curatively Resected Colorectal Cancer; May Long-term Follow-up of More than 5 Years be Warranted?.: Moon, Sun Mi , Park, Jae Woo , Hwang, Dae Yong; J Korean Soc Coloproctol. 2007;23(4):262-269.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/jksc.2007.23.4.262

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Abstract PDF

PURPOSE
The data and the recommendations for the postoperative follow-up period after curative surgery for colorectal cancer are unclear, although postoperative follow-up for at least 5 years is generally recommended. The Department of Surgery, Korea Cancer Center Hospital, has a policy of lifetime follow-up. The aim of this study is to investigate the long-term outcome of patients with colorectal cancer with curative treatment and the significance of long-term follow-up.
METHODS
Between January 1993 and December 2002, 1,100 consecutive patients underwent curative surgery for a colorectal adenocarcinoma in the Department of Surgery, Korea Cancer Center Hospital. They were followed, and local or systemic recurrence was recorded. The analysis was performed on 962 of the 1,100 (87%) patients who had undergone curative surgery.
RESULTS
With a median follow-up of 143 months, the 10-year overall survival (OS) was 67% and the 10-year recurrence-free survival (RFS) was 72%. The 5-year OS was 78%, and the 5-year RFS was 78%. Two hundred ninety-nine (31.5%) patients had recurrences. Of the recurrences, 278 (93.0%) became evident within 5 years and 21 (7.0%) presented after 5 years. Twenty-four (2.5%) patients had local recurrences alone, 17 had (1.8%) local plus systemic recurrences, and 258 (26.8%) had systemic recurrences alone. Of the local recurrences, 33 (80%) became evident within 5 years, and 8 (20%) presented after 5 years. Of the systemic recurrences, 258 (94%) became evident within 5 years and 17 (6%) presented after 5 years.
CONCLUSIONS
The long-term surveillance of patients undergoing a curative resection for colorectal cancer demonstrates that most local recurrences and distant metastases occur within 5 years after a 5-year follow-up, most local and systemic recurrences following curative surgery had occurred. However, our data suggest that the postoperative follow-up of more than 5 years may be warranted. Large, multicenter trials are required to define the patterns of disease recurrence after 5 years of follow-up.

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Advantages of 3d laparoscopic surgery for colorectal cancers
Thanh Xuân Nguyễn
Vietnam Journal of Endolaparoscopic Surgey.2024;[Epub] CrossRef
Long-term Outcomes of Laparoscopic Surgery for Colorectal Cancer
Jeong-Eun Lee, Yong-Geul Joh, Sang-hwa Yoo, Geu-Young Jeong, Sung-Han Kim, Choon-Sik Chung, Dong-Gun Lee, Seon Hahn Kim
Journal of the Korean Society of Coloproctology.2011; 27(2): 64. CrossRef

Original Articles

The Long-term Oncological Outcome of a Sphincter-saving Resection and an Abdominoperineal Resection for Lower Rectal Cancer.: Jung, Sang Hun , Yu, Chang Sik , Choi, Pyong Wha , Kim, Dae Dong , Hong, Dong Hyun , Kim, Hee Cheol , Kim, Jin Cheon; J Korean Soc Coloproctol. 2007;23(3):186-193.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/jksc.2007.23.3.186

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Abstract PDF

Purpose
The oncological safety of a sphincter-saving resection (SSR) in lower rectal cancer is widely accepted, and both an abdominoperineal resection (APR) and a SSR are used in potentially curative surgery. This retrospective study was performed to compare the long-term oncological outcomes after an APR and a SSR in patients with lower rectal cancer (within 5 cm from the anal verge). Methods: We recruited 441 lower rectal cancer patients who underwent curative resections (APR: 305, SSR: 136) between 1995 and 2000. A total mesorectal excision and autonomic nerve preservation were routinely performed. The median follow- up period was 65 months. Results: Most demographic findings were comparable between the groups; however, the APR groups revealed more advanced pathological characteristics (tumor depth, size, cell differentiation, and metastatic LN number). The local recurrence rates after an APR and a SSR were 12.8% and 7.4%, respectively (P= 0.09). An independent risk factor of local recurrence was LN metastasis only. Distant recurrence was higher in the APR group (26.4%) than in the SSR group (13.2%), but on multivariate analysis the difference was not significant (P=0.17). The 5-year cancer-specific survival rates after an APR and a SSR were 73.2% and 87.6%, respectively (P<0.05). Particularly, there was a significant survival difference for stage III patients (APR: 59.0% vs. SSR: 83.0%, P<0.05). However, an APR was not an independent prognostic factor for cancer-specific survival in the multivariate analysis (P=0.07). Conclusions: An APR per se did not influence local recurrence after a curative resection for lower rectal cancer. The poor cancer-specific survival in the stage III APR group might be attributed to increased distant metastasis due to its more distal location.

Citations

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Essential knowledge and technical tips for total mesorectal excision and related procedures for rectal cancer
Min Soo Cho, Hyeon Woo Bae, Nam Kyu Kim
Annals of Coloproctology.2024; 40(4): 384. CrossRef
Long-term Result for Rectal Cancer in Cases of a Curative Resection after Preoperative Chemoradiotherapy
Dong Hyun Lee, Sang Hun Jung, Jae Hwang Kim, Min Chul Shim
Journal of the Korean Society of Coloproctology.2007; 23(6): 503. CrossRef

Mucinous Adenocarcinoma of the Colon and Rectum.: Kim, Kab Choong , Kim, Duck Woo , Park, Hyung Chul , Park, Jae Gahb; J Korean Soc Coloproctol. 2007;23(1):60-64.; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3393/jksc.2007.23.1.60

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Abstract PDF

PURPOSE
This study was to evaluate and compare the clinical characteristics of a mucinous adenocarcinoma with those of a non-mucinous adenocarcinoma in colorectal cancer patients.
METHODS
Data were retrospectively reviewed on 3,232 colorectal cancer patients, including 221 mucinous adenocarcinoma patients (6.1%), who received surgery between 1990 and 2003.
RESULTS
The mean tumor size (6.5 cm) of the mucinous adenocarcinomas was bigger than that (5.2 cm) of the non-mucinous adenocarcinomas. The locations of the mucinous adenocarcinomas were 95 (48.2%) in the proximal colon, 35 (17.8%) in the distal colon, and 67 (34.0%) in the rectum whereas those of the non-mucinous adenocarcinomas were 559 (18.9%) in the proximal colon, 861 (29.2%) in the distal colon, and 1,533 (51.9%) in the rectum. Stage distribution was as follows: In mucinous adenocarcinomas, 7 stage A (3.3%), 84 stage B (39.3%), 76 stage C (35.5%), and 47 stage D (21.9%). In non-mucinous adenocarcinomas, 447 stage A (15.2%), 1,036 stage B (35.1%), 997 stage C (33.8%), and 469 stage D (15.9%). In the univariate analysis, the overall 5-year survival rate of patients with a mucinous adenocarcinoma was lower than that of patients with a non-mucinous adenocarcinoma (60% vs. 65%, P=0.016), but survival rates for each stage were not significantly different. The difference in recurrence rates was not statistically significant (33.3% vs. 24.2%, P=0.258). A multivariate analysis showed that the mucinous histologic type was not useful as an independent prognostic factor.
CONCLUSIONS
Mucinous colorectal adenocarcinomas tend to be large, exist in a proximal location, have an advanced stage at diagnosis. The difference in survival rates for each stage was not statistically significant. A mucinous histologic type was not an independent prognostic factor.

Citations

Citations to this article as recorded by

Analysis of Prognosis in Colorectal Mucinous Adenocarcinoma: A Retrospective Analysis with Peritoneal Fluid
Seung Bong Choi, In Kyu Lee, Dae Youn Won, Yoon Suk Lee, Yoon Si, Sang Chul Lee, Won Kyung Kang, Jong Kyung Park, Chang Hyeok Ahn, Jun-Gi Kim, Seong Taek Oh
Journal of the Korean Surgical Society.2010; 79(6): 474. CrossRef

Risk Factors and Oncologic Impact of Anastomotic Leakage after Rectal Cancer Surgery.: Jung, Sang Hun , Yu, Chang Sik , Choi, Pyong Wha , Kim, Dae Dong , Hong, Dong Hyun , Kim, Hee Cheol , Kim, Jin Cheon; J Korean Soc Coloproctol. 2006;22(6):371-379.

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Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
Anastomotic leakage (AL) is a serious and life-threatening complication following rectal cancer surgery. The impact on long-term oncologic outcome in patients with AL is not clear. The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the risk factors of AL and its impact on long-term prognosis after rectal cancer surgery.
METHODS
We investigated 1,391 patients who underwent primary resection and anastomosis for rectal cancer between January 1997 and August 2003. Operations were performed as follows: AR (n=164), LAR (n=898), uLAR (n=329). Standard procedures in our clinic were mesorectal excision according to tumor location and autonomic nerve preservation. Median follow-up period was 40.1 months (2~96 months).
RESULTS
AL rate was 2.5% (n=35). Gender (male), age (>60 years) and uLAR were independent risk factors in multivariate analysis (HR: 3.03, 95% CI: 1.18~7.22; HR: 2.42, 95% CI: 1.12~7.83; HR: 2.68, 95% CI: 1.08~7.09, respectively). Local recurrence in the AL group was significantly higher than that in the non-AL group (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference in multivariate analysis (P=0.14). Systemic recurrence between both groups was not statistically different. The 5-year overall survival rate was significantly lower in the AL group than in the non-AL group (55.1% vs 74.1%, P<0.05) and the cancer- specific survival rate was lower in the AL group than in the non-AL group (63.0% vs 78.3%, P=0.05).
CONCLUSIONS
Age, gender, and anastomotic level were risk factors for AL after rectal cancer surgery and anastomotic leakage was associated with a poor survival.

Reappraisal of AJCC Staging System in Colorectal Cancer.: Yu, Chang Sik , Kim, Hee Cheol , Ryu, Jang Hak , Kim, Jung Rang , Cho, Young Kyu , Namgung, Whan , Kim, Jin Cheon; J Korean Soc Coloproctol. 2002;18(4):262-267.

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Abstract PDF: PURPOSE
The TNM classification for carcinoma of the colon and the rectum provides more detail than other staging systems. This study was performed to evaluate the effectiveness of AJCC staging system (5th ed., 1997) for the colorectal cancer in predicting prognosis.
METHODS
We analyzed a data base of 1,233 colorectal cancer patients (M:F=673:560) who underwent surgery in Asan Medical Center during July 1989-December 1996. Survival analysis was performed between the stages and the subgroups in same stage by using Kaplan-Meier method and log rank test. Borderline subgroup comparison between the stages was performed, also. Significance was assigned to a P value of <0.05.
RESULTS
Mean age of the patients was 57 (19-90) years old. Median follow-up period was 42 (6-129) months. The number of patients in each stage were 0: 15, I: 152, II: 390, III: 465, IV: 199. The 5 year overall & disease free survival rates of each stage were 100%, 100% (in stage 0), 96.4%, 93.6% (in stage I), 82.7%, 82.2% (in stage II), 59.9%, 55.3% (in stage III), and 7.3%, 24.9% (in stage IV), respectively (P=0.000). Subgroup analysis in stage I (T1N0 vs. T2N0) and II (T3N0 vs. T4N0) revealed no differences. However, in stage III, N1 (n=246) group showed better survival than N2 (n=219) group (70.3%, 65.5% vs. 49.2%, 44.6%: P=0.000). Borderline survival analysis between stage I and II (T2N0 vs. T3N0) was significantly different (96.6%, 95.7% vs 82.7%, 82.3%: P=0.006). However, between stage II and III (T4N0 vs. T1N1), appropriate analysis was impossible due to small number of cases.
CONCLUSIONS
AJCC staging system for colorectal cancer was reliable and effective in predicting prognosis. However, substages are needed in stage III.

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