1. García-Aguilar J, Belmonte Montes C, Perez JJ, Jensen L, Madoff RD, Wong WD. Incontinence after lateral internal sphincterotomy: anatomic and functional evaluation. Dis Colon Rectum 1998;41:423–7.
2. Hsu TC, MacKeigan JM. Surgical treatment of chronic anal fissure: a retrospective study of 1753 cases. Dis Colon Rectum 1984;27:475–8.
3. Jankovic J, Brin MF. Therapeutic uses of botulinum toxin. N Engl J Med 1991;324:1186–94.
4. Jones OM, Moore JA, Brading AF, Mortensen NJ. Botulinum toxin injection inhibits myogenic tone and sympathetic nerve function in the porcine internal anal sphincter. Colorectal Dis 2003;5:552–7.
6. Menteş BB, Irkörücü O, Akin M, Leventoğlu S, Tatlicioğlu E. Comparison of botulinum toxin injection and lateral internal sphincterotomy for the treatment of chronic anal fissure. Dis Colon Rectum 2003;46:232–7.
7. Jost WH, Schimrigk K. Use of botulinum toxin in anal fissure. Dis Colon Rectum 1993;36:974.
8. Iswariah H, Stephens J, Rieger N, Rodda D, Hewett P. Randomized prospective controlled trial of lateral internal sphincterotomy versus injection of botulinum toxin for the treatment of idiopathic fissure in ano. ANZ J Surg 2005;75:553–5.
11. Landefeld CS, Bowers BJ, Feld AD, Hartmann KE, Hoffman E, Ingber MJ, et al. National Institutes of Health state-of-the-science conference statement: prevention of fecal and urinary incontinence in adults. Ann Intern Med 2008;148:449–58.
14. Kodner IJ, Fry RD, Fleshman JW, Birnbaum EH, Read TE. Colon, rectum and anus. In: Schwartz SI, editor. Principles of surgery. 7th ed. McGrow-Hill; 1999. p. 1265–382.
15. Barnes TG, Zafrani Z, Abdelrazeq AS. Fissurectomy combined with high-dose botulinum toxin is a safe and effective treatment for chronic anal fissure and a promising alternative to surgical sphincterotomy. Dis Colon Rectum 2015;58:967–73.
17. Richard CS, Gregoire R, Plewes EA, Silverman R, Burul C, Buie D, et al. Internal sphincterotomy is superior to topical nitroglycerin in the treatment of chronic anal fissure: results of a randomized, controlled trial by the Canadian Colorectal Surgical Trials Group. Dis Colon Rectum 2000;43:1048–57.