1. In: Ferlay J,Soerjomataram I,Ervik M,Dikshit R,Eser S,Mathers C,. editors. GLOBOCAN 2012: estimated cancer incidence, mortality and prevalence worldwide in 2012 v1.0. IARC Cancer-Base No. 11.. Lyon: International Agency for Research on Cancer; 2013.
2. Pourhoseingholi MA. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2012;4:68–70.
3. Levin B, Lieberman DA, McFarland B, Smith RA, Brooks D, Andrews KS, et al. Screening and surveillance for the early detection of colorectal cancer and adenomatous polyps, 2008: a joint guideline from the American Cancer Society, the US Multi-Society Task Force on Colorectal Cancer, and the American College of Radiology. CA Cancer J Clin 2008;58:130–60.
4. Yusoff HM, Daud N, Noor NM, Rahim AA. Participation and barriers to colorectal cancer screening in Malaysia. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2012;13:3983–7.
5. Paspatis GA, Vardas E, Theodoropoulou A, Manolaraki MM, Charoniti I, Papanikolaou N, et al. Complications of colonoscopy in a large public county hospital in Greece. A 10-year study. Dig Liver Dis 2008;40:951–7.
6. Ayling RM. New faecal tests in gastroenterology. Ann Clin Biochem 2012;49(Pt 1): 44–54.
8. Malaysian Society of Gastroenterology & Hepatology; College of Surgeons of Malaysia; Academy of Medicine, Malaysia. Screening for colorectal cancer in Malaysia: consensus/clinical practice guidelines. Kuala Lumpur: Ministry of Health, Malaysia; 2001.
9. Sung JJ, Chan FK, Leung WK, Wu JC, Lau JY, Ching J, et al. Screening for colorectal cancer in Chinese: comparison of fecal occult blood test, flexible sigmoidoscopy, and colonoscopy. Gastroenterology 2003;124:608–14.
10. Tsoi KK, Ng SS, Leung MC, Sung JJ. Cost-effectiveness analysis on screening for colorectal neoplasm and management of colorectal cancer in Asia. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2008;28:353–63.
11. Mazurek S. Pyruvate kinase M2: a key enzyme of the tumor metabolome and its medical relevance. Biomed Res 2012;23:133–41.
12. Zhou CF, Li XB, Sun H, Zhang B, Han YS, Jiang Y, et al. Pyruvate kinase type M2 is upregulated in colorectal cancer and promotes proliferation and migration of colon cancer cells. IUBMB Life 2012;64:775–82.
13. Christofk HR, Vander Heiden MG, Harris MH, Ramanathan A, Gerszten RE, Wei R, et al. The M2 splice isoform of pyruvate kinase is important for cancer metabolism and tumour growth. Nature 2008;452:230–3.
15. Koss K, Maxton D, Jankowski JA. Faecal dimeric M2 pyruvate kinase in colorectal cancer and polyps correlates with tumour staging and surgical intervention. Colorectal Dis 2008;10:244–8.
16. Abdullah M, Rani AA, Simadibrata M, Fauzi A, Syam AF. The value of fecal tumor M2 pyruvate kinase as a diagnostic tool for colorectal cancer screening. Acta Med Indones 2012;44:94–9.
17. Hathurusinghe HR, Goonetilleke KS, Siriwardena AK. Current status of tumor M2 pyruvate kinase (tumor M2-PK) as a biomarker of gastrointestinal malignancy. Ann Surg Oncol 2007;14:2714–20.
18. Kumar Y, Tapuria N, Kirmani N, Davidson BR. Tumour M2-pyruvate kinase: a gastrointestinal cancer marker. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2007;19:265–76.
19. McLoughlin R, Shiel E, Sebastian S, Ryan B, O’Connor HJ, O’Morain C. Tumor M2-PK, a novel screening tool for colorectal cancer. National Cancer Research Institute. Poster abstracts and trade exhibition book: NCRI Cancer Conference; 2005 Oct 2-5; Birmingham, UK. 2005. p.202.
23. Kloer HU, Hardt PD, Schlierbach P, Toepler M. The tumor metabolic marker Tumor M2-PK in stool: a new biomarker for colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol 2005;23(16 Suppl): 3598.
25. Shastri Y, Povse N, Schröder O, Stein J. AGA Abstracts. W1141 Evaluation of a novel fecal marker- fecal tumor pyruvate kinase type M2 (M2-PK) and its comparison with calprotectin in patients with inflammatory bowel disease: a prospective multicenter study. Gastroenterology 2008;134(4 Suppl): A–642.
26. Walkowiak J, Banasiewicz T, Krokowicz P, Hansdorfer-Korzon R, Drews M, Herzig KH. Fecal pyruvate kinase (M2-PK): a new predictor for inflammation and severity of pouchitis. Scand J Gastroenterol 2005;40:1493–4.