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1Department of Surgery, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Gwangju, Korea
2Department of Surgery, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
Copyright © 2019 The Korean Society of Coloproctology
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported.
Characteristic | Before matching |
After matching |
||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CRT | Chemotherapy | P-value | CRT | Chemotherapy | P-value | |
Age (yr) | 59.7 ± 11.0 | 62.6 ± 9.9 | 0.032 | 60.0 ± 11.0 | 61.3 ± 10.2 | 0.469 |
Sex | 0.563 | 0.568 | ||||
Male | 66 (64.7) | 111 (68.9) | 38 (62.3) | 42 (68.9) | ||
Female | 36 (35.3) | 50 (31.1) | 23 (37.7) | 19 (31.1) | ||
Body mass index (kg/m²) | 23.7 ± 4.2 | 23.2 ± 3.1 | 0.335 | 23.9 ± 3.9 | 23.4 ± 3.3 | 0.439 |
pT category | 0.546 | 0.527 | ||||
1/2 | 7 (6.9) | 7 (4.3) | 4 (6.6) | 7 (11.5) | ||
3/4 | 95 (93.1) | 154 (95.7) | 57 (93.4) | 54 (88.5) | ||
pN category | <0.001 | 1.000 | ||||
0 | 13 (12.8) | 113 (70.2) | 13 (21.3) | 13 (21.3) | ||
1 | 55 (53.9) | 33 (20.5) | 33 (54.1) | 33 (54.1) | ||
2 | 34 (33.3) | 15 (9.3) | 15 (24.6) | 15 (24.6) | ||
Differentiation | 0.017 | 0.094 | ||||
Well | 31 (30.4) | 70 (43.5) | 16 (26.2) | 27 (44.3) | ||
Moderately | 61 (59.8) | 86 (53.4) | 39 (63.9) | 31 (50.8) | ||
Poorly | 10 (9.8) | 5 (3.1) | 6 (9.8) | 3 (4.9) | ||
Tumor size (cm) | 5.1 ± 1.7 | 4.8 ± 1.7 | 0.094 | 5.1 ± 1.8 | 4.9 ± 1.9 | 0.492 |
CEA at diagnosis (ng/mL) | 17.2 ± 80.1 | 8.0 ± 14.9 | 0.48 | 11.2 ± 22.3 | 8.5 ± 19.3 | 0.48 |
≤5 | 55 (53.9) | 93 (57.8) | 0.628 | 32 (52.5) | 36 (59.0) | 0.585 |
>5 | 47 (46.1) | 68 (42.2) | 29 (47.5) | 25 (41.0) | ||
Lymphovascular invasion | 0.249 | 0.843 | ||||
Yes | 74 (72.5) | 128 (79.5) | 44 (72.1) | 42 (68.9) | ||
No | 28 (27.5) | 33 (20.5) | 17 (27.9) | 19 (31.1) | ||
Perineural invasion | 0.001 | 0.715 | ||||
Yes | 48 (47.1) | 109 (67.7) | 33 (54.1) | 36 (59.0) | ||
No | 54 (52.9) | 52 (32.3) | 28 (45.9) | 25 (41.0) | ||
Circumferential resection margin | 0.436 | 0.741 | ||||
Involved | 12 (11.8) | 13 (8.1) | 6 (9.8) | 4 (6.6) | ||
Not involved | 90 (88.2) | 148 (91.9) | 55 (90.2) | 57 (93.4) |
Sites of recurrence | CRT group (n = 102) | Chemotherapy group (n = 161) |
---|---|---|
Distant recurrence | ||
Liver | 11 | 11 |
Lung | 15 | 8 |
Distant lymph node | 4 | 3 |
Peritoneal seeding | 4 | 2 |
Local recurrence | ||
Lateral | 2 | 1 |
Presacral | 4 | 3 |
Anterior | 1 | 1 |
Anastomosis | 1 | 1 |
Variable | CRT group (n = 61) | Chemotherapy group (n = 61) | P-value |
---|---|---|---|
Overall (5 years) | |||
LRFS (95% CI) (%) | 94.1 (87.8–100) | 90.1 (82.8–97.9) | 0.370 |
DFS (95% CI) (%) | 72.7 (61.6–85.7) | 70.7 (59.7–83.7) | 0.938 |
Stage II (5 years) | |||
LRFS (95% CI) (%) | 0 | 0 | 1.000 |
DFS (95% CI) (%) | 86.7 (58.3–100) | 83.3 (46.7–100) | 1.000 |
Stage III (5 years) | |||
LRFS (95% CI) (%) | 92.6 (84.6–100) | 87.4 (78.4–97.3) | 0.358 |
DFS (95% CI) (%) | 65.9 (53.1–81.9) | 63.4 (50.7–79.1) | 0.933 |
Variable | Univariate (Cox method) |
Multivariate (Cox regression) |
||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HR | 95% CI | P-value | HR | 95% CI | P-value | |
Sex, male : female | 0.881 | 0.220–3.523 | 0.856 | |||
Age (yr), <65 vs. ≥65 | 0.331 | 0.083–1.325 | 0.105 | |||
Body mass index (kg/m2), <25 vs. ≥25 | 1.162 | 0.944–1.431 | 0.150 | |||
T category, 1–3/4 | 7.624 | 2.449–23.732 | 0.002 | 5.896 | 1.298–6.780 | 0.021 |
N category, negative vs. positive | 7.351 | 2.750–19.652 | <0.001 | 6.262 | 1.843–21.278 | 0.003 |
Tumor differentiation, W+M/P | 1.247 | 0.410–3.789 | 0.698 | |||
Tumor size (cm), <6 vs. ≥6 | 2.970 | 0.797–11.061 | 0.106 | |||
CEA level (ng/mL), <5 vs. ≥5 | 2.726 | 0.681–10.905 | 0.142 | |||
Lymphovascular invasion, no vs. yes | 1.202 | 0.300–4.808 | 0.797 | |||
Perineural invasion, no vs. yes | 4.689 | 1.097–22.573 | 0.032 | 3.345 | 0.474–5.447 | 0.445 |
Circumferential resection margin, no vs. yes | 3.280 | 1.138–9.451 | 0.028 | 2.386 | 1.190–7.599 | 0.032 |
Adjuvant treatment, postoperative CRT vs. chemotherapy | 1.866 | 0.466–7.468 | 0.370 |
Values are presented as mean ± standard deviation or number (%). CRT, chemoradiotherapy; CEA, carcinoembryonic antigen.
CRT, chemoradiotherapy.
CRT, chemoradiotherapy; LRFS, local recurrence-free survival; DFS, disease-free survival; CI, confidence interval.
HR, hazard ratio; CI, confidence interval; W, well differentiated; M, moderately differentiated; P, poorly differentiated; CEA, carcinoembryonic antigen; CRT, chemoradiotherapy.